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  • 1
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychoneuroimmunologie – autonomes Nervensystem – Azetylcholin – Katecholamine – Immunregulation ; Key words Psychoneuroimmunology – autonomic nervous system – catecholamines – acetylcholine – immunoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Starting out from our previous observations that defects in the immune system – brain feedback predispose to pathogenic immune responses, our interest focusses at the roles of adrenergic/cholinergic neurotransmitters in brain – immune interactions. We have shown in rodent models that 1) both catecholamines and acetylcholine are potent modulators of peripheral immune functions, 2) cholinergic signals are involved in the afferent signalling of the immune system, and 3) lymphocytes not only express functional adrenergic and cholinergic receptors, but synthesize and release neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, in quantitative dependence of differentiation and activation. Studies are presently being initiated to investigate the role(s) of these non-neural neurotransmitters within immune tissues, and to explore the relevance of excitatory amino acids as important central neurotransmitters in the brain – immune system dialogue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von vorangegangenen Befunden, wonach Störungen des Feedbacks zwischen Immunsystem und Gehirn zu pathogenen Immunreaktionen prädisponieren, konzentriert sich unser Interesse auf die Rolle von adrenergen/cholinergen Neurotransmittern im Rahmen der Neuroimmunomodulation. Die Daten im Ratten- und Mausmodell zeigen, dass 1) sowohl Katecholamine als auch Azetylcholin potente immunregulatorische Eigenschaften besitzen, 2) cholinerge Mechanismen entscheidend an den afferenten Signalen des aktivierten Immunsystems beteiligt sind, und 3) Lymphozyten nicht nur funktionelle adrenerge/cholinerge Rezeptoren exprimieren, sondern auch in der Lage sind, Neurotransmitter, wie Azetylcholin, zu synthetisieren und in quantitativer Abhängigkeit des zellulären Aktivierungszustandes zu sezernieren. Laufende Untersuchungen haben zum Ziel, die Rolle dieser nicht neuronalen Neurotransmitter in Immungewegen, sowie die Relevanz exzitatorischer Aminosäuren als wichtige zentrale Neurotransmitter im Rahmen des Dialoges Gehirn-Immunsystem aufzuklären.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 66 (1986), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Choline acetyltransferase ; spinal cord ; capsaicin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was measured in various regions of rat spinal cord. In the ventral cord, enzyme activity was 2 to 3 times higher than in dorsal cord. In dorsal spinal cord, there was a gradient in enzyme activity, increasing CAT activity being observed in more caudal segments. In autonomic regions intermediate levels were measured. Bilateral transection of the sciatic nerve reduced CAT activity in the ventral horn of lumbar spinal cord, whereas CAT activity in the dorsal horn remained unchanged. Capsaicin pretreatment had no effect on CAT activity in any spinal cord region. Although a similar distribution of cholinergic neurones and primary afferent endings in rat dorsal spinal cord was described, no conclusive statement as to a possible functional interaction can be given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 337 (1988), S. 146-150 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pig coronary arteries ; Pig atria ; Muscarine receptor ; Muscarine receptor antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to characterize the muscarinic binding site on coronary smooth muscle, we investigated the binding properties of (3H)quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) in membrane preparations of pig coronary arteries and atria. Scatchard analysis and Hill plot showed that (3H)QNB binds to a single population of sites in both tissues. The binding profiles of the muscarine receptor antagonists atropine, 11-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-piperidinyl)acetyl)-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido(2,3-b) (1,4)benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-DX 116), pirenzepine, and 4-diphenylacetoxy-Nmethylpiperidine methiobromide (4-DAMP) in both tissues were compared with binding data from other tissues, representative for different muscarinic binding site subtypes. It is concluded that the pig coronary smooth muscle muscarinic binding site is different from M1 and M2 binding sites investigated so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pheochromocytomas are rare tumours, with an incidence of 1–2 per million which arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. They occur sporadically or as part of dominantly inherited cancer syndromes like multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2A and 2B) and others. Continuous cell lines, not available so far, are essential tools for studies in these tumours. A continuous cell line (KNA) was established from a sporadic pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland of a 73-year-old woman. The KNA cells grow as suspensions of spheroids and show the morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics of neuronal chromaffin cells, such as neuroendocrine granules, and positive reactions to chromogranin- and related peptide-, neuron specific enolase and vasoactive intestinal peptide antibodies. Neurite-like processes are formed after addition of nerve growth factor. Chromosomal analyses revealed a diploid (46,XX, n=50) to hypodiploid (43–45,XX, n=15) karyotype. In hypodiploid metaphases most frequently #19, #17, #21 and #22 were missing. Chromosome arms 1p and 4q showed apparently consistent interstitial deletions: 6q, 8q, 13q and 22q showed clonal interstitial deletions. The cell line shows a heterozygous sequence variant TGC (cysteine) to TGG (tryptophan) in codon 611 in exon 10 of the RET proto-oncogene. So far, PC-12, a rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, has been the only continuous pheochromocytoma cell line available. KNA represents the first report on a human continuous pheochromocytoma cell line, the first report of structural chromosome aberrations in pheochromocytomas and the first report of a RET mutation TGC to TGG in exon 10 of the RET proto-oncogene in a sporadic pheochromocytoma. © 1998 Chapman and Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Thymus ; Thymic epithelial cells ; Cell culture ; Organ culture ; Apoptosis ; Mouse (C57BL/6J)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Apoptosis of murine thymocytes was examined either in intact fetal thymus lobes or in thymus cell suspensions, both cultured alone or in the presence of either a cortical (TEC 1.4) or a medullary (TEC 2.3) thymic epithelial cell line. Both TECs induced a pronounced increase of apoptosis in 24-h cultivated single thymus cell suspensions but not in spleen or bone marrow cell cultures. Co-culture of thymocytes with murine fibroblasts did not enhance apoptosis of the thymus cells. A similar enhancement of thymocyte apoptosis was observed with dialysed culture supernatants derived from both TEC lines, the active component(s) having a molecular weight of 〉30 kDa. In contrast, the cortical TEC 1.4 had a pronounced apoptosis inducing effect on intact fetal thymus lobes cultivated for six days, whereas the medullary TEC 2.3 had only a marginal influence. TEC 1.4 also induced a significant alteration in the ratio of CD4+CD8+ to CD4-CD8- cells. It is concluded that both the cortical and medullary epithelial cell lines are able to induce thymocyte apoptosis but that a large proportion of the cells within the intact thymus stroma is refractory to the respective signal(s) of the medullary epithelial cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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