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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 751-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lymphadenopathy ; Atypical mycobacteria ; Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-six children (44 males, 42 females) were identified as having non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis. The diagnostic criteria were either culture of the organism from the affected lymph node (n=68), or, when culture was negative, a positive skin test with non-tuberculous mycobacterial antigens and negative skin test responses to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in association with typical histological features (n=18). All children had histopathological findings of granulomatous inflammation with caseation and/or acid-fast bacilli. Eighty-two percent of the children were under 5 years of age at presentation and 30% were less than 2 years old. Most (79%) were city dwellers. Lymph node enlargement had been present for less than 6 months in almost all children (97.5%) and was almost exclusively in the face and neck region (97%). Disease was confined to the involved lymph nodes in 56% but had extended beyond the confines of the infected node to form a collar stud abscess in 38% and 6% presented with a skin sinus. Extranodal extension did not show any statistically significant association with the duration of lymphadenopathy. The duration of lymphadenopathy had been greater in those children in whom an organism was not isolated on culture resected tissue χ2, P〈0.01). All children were treated surgically, and recurrence occurred in five patients. This study describes the clinical and demographic characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenopathy in children in a population in which tuberculous adenitis is rare. Recognition of these features may allow earlier diagnosis and appropriate surgical therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The calorie intake and weight gain of low birth weight infants fed on fresh breast milk or a special formula milk (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1984), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Human milk ; Infant, low birth weight ; Infant nutrition ; Growth ; Energy metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The calorie intake and weight gain of 24 low birth weight (LBW) infants, 〈33 weeks gestation and 〈1500 g birth weight, was studied prospectively. Fourteen infants were fed on a commercially available LBW formula milk and ten were fed on their own mother's fresh unpasteurised expressed breast milk (EBM). The difference between the two feeding groups in the intake of milk and calories was not significant, but from the third week onwards those fed on the LBW formula gained weight faster. The mean (±SEM) weight increments for weeks 3–6 (inclusive) for LBW formula and EBM fed infants was 189.3 (±7.9) and 139.6 (±11.1) g/wk respectively (P〈0.001). The LBW formula was well tolerated and is a suitable feed for LBW infants. However some babies thrived well on fresh EBM and so we are continuing to encourage mothers who wish, to breast feed their own preterm infants. When such infants fail to thrive it is appropriate to supplement with a LBW formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442748
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte production of gamma-interferon as a test for non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in childhood (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Atypical mycobacteria ; Gamma interferon ; Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infection withMycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) organisms in normal children may result in cervical lymphadenopathy. There is a poor response to anti-tuberculous therapy and surgical excision of infected nodes is necessary. The diagnosis therefore requires consideration in children with cervical lymphadenopathy. A simple in vitro assay is described which may be useful for diagnosis prior to excision. Whole blood is cultured withM. avium purified protein derivative. After 24h the plasma is removed and the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) quantified by a radioimmunometric assay. In a prospective study of 38 children with neck lesions, 16 showed MAIS organisms isolated from cultures of excised tissue. The level of IFN-γ produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes from children in the MAIS group was significantly greater when compared with children having operations for neck lesions that were not due to MAIS organisms (P〈0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgG subclass deficiency (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The different biological properties of human IgG subclasses make each subclass unique in its functional role in either resistance to infection, autoimmune diseases or allergy. Not only are there marked differences in the relative concentrations of IgG subclasses in serum (IgG1 〉 IgG2 〉 IgG3/IgG4) but the distribution of the antibody responses in the 4 subclasses of IgG can vary markedly depending on the nature of the antigen, the type of infection, the degree of antigen exposure, the immunization regimens, the age of individual, the immune disorder and the allotype of the individual. Measurement of the IgG subclass distribution of antibodies can be informative in identifying an immunological deficiency, evaluating the production of host protective antibodies, and assessing pathophysiology. Determination of IgG subclass concentrations is essential in the diagnosis of immunodeficiencies. However, there is still uncertainty about the accuracy of measurements in relation to standards, monoclonal antibodies and assay types. For the paediatric population, a sensitive assay, such as an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay, is essential. A standardised definition of IgG subclass deficiency is yet to be accepted; however, values substantially below the 5th percentile for a normal healthy population of appropriate age measured by a defined assay system may be indicative of significant abnormality. There is emerging evidence that some subclass deficiencies are associated with increased susceptibility to infection. Such IgG subclass deficiencies may be amenable to treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin preparations, but further carefully designed and controlled studies are needed to ascertain treatment efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00182.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avidity of IgA Antibody to Escherichia coli Polysaccharide and Diphtheria Toxin in Breast Milk from Swedish and Pakistani Mothers (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The avidity of breast milk IgA antibody was studied with the aid of thiocyanate elution of antibody from solid-phase bound E. coli polysaccharides and diphtheria toxoid. The relative avidity index for each sample was determined by the molarity of thiocyanate required to elute 50% of the bound IgA antibody under conditions of antigen excess. Milk samples collected from Pakistani mothers during early lactation (2–4 weeks after delivery; n= 12) had a significantly lower median relative avidity index of IgA antibody to E. coli antigens than did early lactation samples from Swedish mothers (n= 11; avidity indices 1.78 m and 2.65 m; P〈0.02). Samples collected from Pakistani mothers in mid-lactation showed a significant rise in the relative avidity index to a median of 2.50 m (P〈0.01), with a subsequent fall in late lactation (28–36 weeks after delivery) to 1.75 m (P〈0.01). Milk samples from Pakistani mothers in mid-lactation (n= 12) also had a lower median relative avidity index of IgA antibody to diphtheria toxoid than did samples from Swedish mothers (n= 14;avidity indices 2.35 m and 4.30 m; P〈0.002). The lower avidity of breast milk IgA in Pakistani mothers in comparison with Swedish mothers may arise from differences in antigen exposure or nutritional status or could possibly be genetically determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01512.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retroperitoneal abscess presenting as iliofemoral venous obstruction (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 4 (1989), S. 309-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Retroperitoneal abscess ; Vascular compression ; Iliofemoral thrombosis ; Infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 5 week-old infant presented with iliofemoral venous obstruction caused by a large retroperitoneal abscess, possibly from suppuration of the iliac lymph nodes. In this age group iliofemoral venous thrombosis is rare and usually follows vascular catheterisation: suppuration of the retroperitoneum has not been recognised previously as a cause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183395
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-IgA antibodies in IgA-deficient children (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 8 (1988), S. 356-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: IgA deficiency ; anti-IgA antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract IgG and IgM isotype antibodies to polyclonal human IgA, myeloma IgA1, and myeloma IgA2 were estimated in 38 IgA-deficient children aged between 0.9 and 15 years. All children had IgM anti-IgA antibodies. IgG antibodies against either polyclonal IgA, IgA1, or IgA2 were present in 63% of the IgA-deficient children. IgG anti-IgA antibodies were detected against all three antigens in 8 of 11 severely IgA-deficient children and in 7 of 27 partially IgA-deficient children, but in only 1 of 23 healthy adult controls. The proportion of children with IgG anti-IgA antibodies was significantly greater in the severely IgA-deficient group in comparison with the partially IgA-deficient group and the adult controls (chi-square test,P〈0.01 andP〈0.005, respectively). There was a strong correlation within each IgG subclass between antibody responses toward each of the three IgA antigens. Twenty-four children were followed over a period ranging from 0.9 to 11 years (mean, 2.3 years). Three children who were initially IgG anti-IgA antibody negative became antibody positive and three who were antibody positive became antibody negative. Five children with severe IgA deficiency remained severely IgA deficient and IgG antibodies to IgA persisted in all five at follow-up. The presence of IgG anti-IgA antibodies did not influence the normalization of serum IgA at follow-up in 14 of 19 children who were initially partially IgA deficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00917151
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies to polyclonal IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 and isotype-specific immune complexes in IgA nephropathy (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 9 (1989), S. 306-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Anti-IgA antibodies ; IgA nephropathy ; immune complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of serum IgG and IgM antibodies to polyclonal IgA (IgAp), IgA1, and IgA2 were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 31 patients with IgA nephropathy and 30 healthy controls. Patients with IgA nephropathy had significantly raised concentrations of serum IgA compared to controls (Mann-WhitneyU test,P=0.001) and increased concentrations of conglutinin-binding IgA immune complexes (P=0.024). No differences in the median concentrations of IgG and IgM anti-IgA antibodies were found between the patients and the controls. In serum samples from healthy controls there was a significant positive correlation between IgM anti-IgAp and IgA immune complex concentrations (P=0.05), which contrasted with the finding of an inverse correlation between IgM anti-IgAp and IgA immune complex concentrations in patients with IgA nephropathy (P〈0.05). In addition, the concentrations of conglutinin binding IgM immune complexes in serum were found to correlate with the concentration of IgM anti-IgAp (0.010〈P〈0.025), IgM anti-IgA1, and IgM anti-IgA2 (P«0.005 for both) in patients with IgA nephropathy but not in controls. IgM anti-IgA antibodies may be important in augmenting the clearance of IgA immune complexes from the serum of patients with IgA nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918662
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