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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hallervorden-Spatz disease ; Late infantile type Hallervorden-Spatz disease ; Adult type Hallervorden-Spatz disease ; Biochemical analysis ; Neuroaxonal dystrophy ; “Pseudohypertrophy” of the Globus pallidus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei Fälle von Hallervorden-Spatzscher Erkrankung werden mitgeteilt. Im ersten Fall handelte es sich um eine spätinfantile und bei dem zweiten um eine adulte Form, bei der der Tod am Ende des 4. Lebensjahrzehnts eintrat. Die klinischen und neuropathologischen Befunde ähneln den früher beschriebenen Beobachtungen. Beide Fälle sind durch einen langsam progressiven Krankheitsverlauf mit Demenz, Anfällen, Dysartherie, Rigidität, Spastizität sowie athetoiden und myokonischen Bewegungen gekennzeichnet. Nigrazone, vergesellschaftet mit neuro-axonaler Dystrophie. Diese tritt im ersten Fall mehr generalisiert auf, während sie sich im adulten Krankheitsfall auf die pallido-nigrale Zone, das Kleinhirn und die Hinterstrangskerne der caudalen Oblongata beschränkt. Trotz der starken Vermehrung des histologisch nachweisbaren Eisengehalts im pallidonigralen System ergibt die chemische Analyse nur einen geringen Anstieg des Eisengehaltes in diesem Bereich. Die nachgewiesene generelle Reduktion der Hirnlipoide entspricht einem mit Entmarkung einhergehenden diffusen Degenerationsprozeß.
    Notes: Summary Two cases of Hallervorden-Spatz disease are reported, one of whom was a late infantile variety and the other an adult variety who died at the end of the fourth decade of life. The clinical and neuropathological aspects were similar to previously reported cases. Both cases were characterized by a slowly progressive illness featured by dementia, seizures, dysarthria, rigidity, spasticity and athetoid and myoclonic movements. Neuropathological examination disclosed excessive pigmentation of the globus pallidus and red zone of substantia nigra associated with neuroaxonal dystrophy. The latter was more generalized in the first case and was confined to the pallidonigral area, cerebellum and lower medulla in the adult case. In spite of a striking increase in the iron content of the pallidonigral system, as demonstrable by histological techniques, the chemical analysis disclosed only slight rise of iron in this area. There was a generalized reduction of cerebral lipids compatible with a diffuse degenerative process associated with demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 17 (1971), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Juvenile Type ; Hallervorden-Spatz Disease ; Cortical Involvement ; Sparing of Cerebellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary an unusual case of generalized neuroaxonal dystrophy is presented. This variant was characterized by late onset with visual deterioration at the age of 9 years and subsequent slow but steady progression resulting in impairment of visual and motor function, spasticity and ataxia. A more rapid deterioration occurred after the age of 18 years resulting in complete blindness, cranial nerve palsies and spasticity. He died of intercurrent infection at the age of 21 years. Examination of the brain revealed widespread neuroaxonal dystrophy which severely affected all the grey matter of the cerebral hemisphere but caused minimal involvement of the cerebellum. The pigmentation of the pallidum was only slightly increased. It is felt that this case constitutes a juvenile variant of neuroaxonal dystrophy, possibly a link between infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and the adult form of Hallervorden-Spatz disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 70 (1986), S. 10-16 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astroblastoma ; Immunohistopathology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The very existence of astroblastoma has been a question of considerable controversy, although there appears now to be sufficient documentation to establish it as a tenable entity. Due to the rarity of this tumor, little information exists in the literature as to its natural history, efficacy of therapy and its pathological and radiological appearance. We report three cases of astroblastoma, describing their natural history, the response to therapeutic interventions and their light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuronal inclusions ; Leigh disease ; Tropomyosin ; Actin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A novel type of non-viral cytoplasmic inclusion is described, which was seen in virtually every neuron in the brain and spinal cord of a child with a presumed metabolic disorder whose clinical picture and CNS pathology were compatible with Leigh Syndrome. The ovoid to round inclusions were sharply demarcated, measuring up to 11 μm in diameter. They showed no distinctive staining with a battery of routine histological techniques. The ultrastructural features are unique, comprising non-membrane-bounded aggregates of randomly oriented plate-like structures with parallel linear densities depicting a periodicity of 11–16 nm. Immunocytochemical studies revealed strong staining with antisera to tropomyosin and weaker staining with antisera to actin. There was no reactivity with antibodies against neurofilaments, microtubules and their associated proteins, paired helical filaments, ubiquitin, vinculin or alpha-actinin. It is postulated that the metabolic disorder resulted in a neurodegenerative condition which manifested pathologically with lesions compatible with those of Leigh Syndrome. Associated with the condition was the discrete accumulation of cytoplasmic proteinaceous components, including tropomyosin, in the form of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions possibly resulting from an alteration of the neuronal cytoskeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: An arylamine sulfotransferase (PST-M) from human brain cortex that is involved in the formation of O-sulfate esters of monoamines has been purified 272-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocussing, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. A molecular weight of 62,000, pK of pH 5.8, and an optimum pH for the reaction at 7.8–8.0 with respect to tyramines have been determined. This enzyme possesses an extremely high affinity for dopamine and m-tyramine based on the low Km values and is moderately active toward noradrenaline and p-tyramine. Serotonin is a poor substrate. In contrast, another sulfotransferase, PST-P, which has been separated from PST-M and partially purified, exhibited a very high affinity for phenol and nitrophenols but was inactive toward the amine sulfate acceptors. In the human brain the specific activity toward dopamine as well as the ratio of activity toward dopamine/phenol was considerably higher than those for rat, hog, and bovine brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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