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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 16 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The two major subtypes of pemphigus include: pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus. Only limited data are available on the epidemiology of these diseases.Objective The aim of the present study was to estimate the gender- and age-specific incidences of PV in two well-defined regions of Germany and to compare the incidences among native Germans with those in citizens from other countries living in Germany.Methods We performed a retrospective review of records from all patients that were diagnosed with PV at the Departments of Dermatology in Würzburg and Mannheim between 1989 and 1997.Results During the observation period, 14 patients were diagnosed with PV coming from an area with 1.46 million residents. With regard to the patients’ age, the highest incidence for women was found in the 51–65-year-old-age group with 2.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36; 7.76] new cases per 1 million inhabitants per year. The highest incidence for men was observed in the over 65-year-old age group with 3.72 (95% CI: 0.95; 9.8) cases/million per year. In the 51–65-year-old age group, we found a 25-fold higher incidence of PV in foreigners living in Germany compared with native Germans. The age-adjusted incidence of PV was ninefold higher in foreigners compared with native Germans. Interestingly, all non-German patients came from two southern European countries (Turkey and Italy).Conclusions The age-adjusted incidence of PV differs between native Germans and foreigners living in Germany. Further studies are necessary to address the risk factors (genetic and/or environmental) that contribute to this difference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical and histopathological classification of erythema exudativum multiforme major (EEMM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are difficult, due to the lack of clear-cut criteria. Based on a new clinical classification, 149 of 219 (68%) histopathological specimens, from a total of 534 patients with EEMM. SJS and TEN, have been reviewed. A comparison was made with the clinical picture, and any past history of infection or drug intake. All patients had been included in the German Registry of Severe Skin Reactions between April 1990 and December 1993. No differences could be found between the biopsies examined and the total number of histopathological specimens, concerning clinical diagnosis, gender and age. Sections from 28 of 149 specimens were not diagnostic or were too old to be properly evaluated. In nine cases, other diagnoses were proposed. One hundred and eleven of the histological slides with the diagnosis of EEMM (n= 16), SJS (n=34) and TEN (n=61), were classified as epidermal type of erythema multiforme. In these 111 slides, necrotic keratinocytes could be found, ranging from individual cells to confluent epidermal necrosis. The epidermo-dermal junction showed changes ranging from vacuolar alteration up to subepidermal blisters. The dermal infiltrate was superficial and mostly perivascular. It was sparse in SJS and TEN, and more pronounced in EEMM. Oedema in the papillary dermis was evident occasionally in all clinical groups. In 59 of 111 cases (53%), at least one eosinophil was present in the dermis. In 11 of 111 (10%), more than 10 eosinophils per field could be seen. Eosinophils were less common in the patients with the most severe forms of TEN, in whom there was detachment of more than 30% of the skin surface area. No differences in the history for drug intake, or for infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, herpes simplex and other organisms, could be detected between patients with or without eosinophils in their skin sections. This dermatopathological study of patients with EEMM. SJS and TEN indicates that the epidermal type of erythema multiforme is the pathological correlate for these diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In general, specific immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms can be considered as safe, but occasionally there are patients who cannot reach the maintenance dose due to repeated systemic reactions (RSR) or who suffer from RSR during maintenance therapy. In a multicenter retrospective study comprising seven departments in Germany, Austria and Switzerland 23 patients with RSR were reported from approximately 3000 patients treated with hymenoptera venoms (bee and wasp venom to approximately equivalent frequency). From these, 22 were allergic to bee venom and only one to vespid venom. In general the clinical symptoms of RSR were milder than the initial reaction. But 4/23 (18%) exhibited cardiovascular reactions up to full shock. Neither anamnestic details, reactivity in skin tests or in vitro tests revealed a special pattern of patients with RSR. In some patients, however, an extremely high reactivity in the skin test was found and may indicate the possibility of further RSR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is defined as excessive sweating typically localized to specific body areas such as axillae, hands and feet. An association between PFH and anxiety as well as depressive syndromes has been suggested.Objectives  To investigate a possible association between PFH and anxiety, depression, social phobia and quality of life, and to study the effect of treatment with botulinum toxin A on these factors.Methods  PFH was confirmed clinically and by gravimetry. To measure anxiety and depressive syndromes several German versions of standardized questionnaires were used: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory G Form X2 (STAI), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Symptom Checklist of Derogatis (SCL-90-R), subscales ‘Social Insecurity’, ‘Depression’, ‘Anxiety’ and ‘Phobia’, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Quality of life was assessed using Skindex. Two analyses were performed. The first analysis included all patients with PFH, the second analysis only patients with PFH who were treated with botulinum toxin A. In the latter group the questionnaires were repeated 2–4 weeks after treatment.Results  For the total group at baseline the values for STAI, SCL-90-R, HADS-D and SPS were well within the normal range. However, in the group of patients treated with botulinum toxin A, the mean ± SD SPS score was 17·6 ± 15·5, i.e. above the normal range. Quality of life was impaired, with a mean ± SD Skindex score of 24·3 ± 5·7 at baseline. Treatment with botulinum toxin A led to a significant reduction in all investigated symptoms.Conclusions  Despite an impaired quality of life, patients with PFH in general do not show increased symptoms of anxiety, depression or social phobia. Only in the subgroup of patients treated with botulinum toxin A was the SPS increased at baseline. Treatment with botulinum toxin A led to a marked improvement in all factors investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that usually requires long-term treatment for control. Approximately 25% of patients have moderate to severe disease and require phototherapy, systemic therapy or both. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic options, the long-term management of psoriasis can be complicated by treatment-related limitations. With advances in molecular research and technology, several biological therapies are in various stages of development and approval for psoriasis. Biological therapies are designed to modulate key steps in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Collectively, biologicals have been evaluated in thousands of patients with psoriasis and have demonstrated significant benefit with favourable safety and tolerability profiles. The limitations of current psoriasis therapies, the value of biological therapies for psoriasis, and guidance regarding the incorporation of biological therapies into clinical practice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Background Focal injections of botulinum toxin A are used successfully for the treatment of hyperkinetic facial wrinkles. Efficacy can be measured by several methods. However, so far none has been investigated for its reproducibility. Objectives To investigate the reproducibility of a clinical 0–3 score for glabellar frown lines. Methods In the first part of the study, a standardized photographic documentation of glabellar frown lines was produced. Based on the results of this phase, a consensus atlas of glabellar frown lines was developed and participants were trained using this atlas. In the main study, 50 standardized photographs were shown on two consecutive days to 28 dermatologists. The reproducibility of the score was investigated by conventional kappa statistics. Results In the main study, we found an unweighted kappa according to Fleiss of 0·62 for interobserver reproducibility. Intraobserver reproducibility showed an unweighted kappa according to Cohen of between 0·57 and 0·91 for each observer, and a weighted kappa according to Cicchetti and Allison of between 0·68 and 0·94. Conclusions The clinical 0–3 score for glabellar frown lines shows a good inter- and intraobserver reproducibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low constitutive N-acetylating capacity has been implicated as a predisposing factor for the development of adverse reactions to certain drugs. This prompted us to investigate whether the N-acetylating capacity of patients with serious cutaneous adverse reactions, i.e., Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) differed from that of healthy control subjects. N-acctylating activity was measured in hair root cells by preparing a homogenate from freshly extracted hair roots and assessing acetyl-CoA-dependent N-acetylation by RP-HPLC using 2-aminofluorene as a substrate. Samples were obtained from hospitalized patients suffering from acute SJS and TEN or from healthy controls. All patients with SJS and TEN were found to have a low N-acetylating capacity (0.85 nmol/mg/min compared to 2.21 nmol/mg/min in controls, p〈0.05). Based on these findings, a low constitutive N-acetylating capacity may be one of the predisposing factors for the development of serious cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs that require N-acetylation in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 670-677 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pemphigus ; Immunofluoreszenz ; ELISA ; Epidemiologie ; Key words Pemphigus ; Immunofluorescence ; ELISA ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background and Objective. Pemphigus is a rare intraepidermal autoimmune bullous disease. Two major variants, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF), are distinguished. The aim of this study was to document the clinical and immunpathological findings in all pemphigus patients who were diagnosed in the Department of Dermatology at the University of Würzburg over the past 10 years. Patients/Methods. Based on a retrospective study, clinical and immunpathological findings in 48 patients with pemphigus were recorded. All patients had positive findings by direct and/or indirect immunfluorescence microscopy. Results. Between January 1989 and August 1998, 48 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus at our institution; 31 patients had PV and 17 PF. The average age (±standard deviation) of PV patients was 55 (±17) and of PF patients 60 (±12) years. All PV patients showed involvement of mucous membranes and in 65% of cases, the skin was also involved. In contrast, PF patients had involvement only of the skin. By direct immunfluorescence microscopy, intercellular deposits of IgG and C3 were detected in 89% and 78% of PV cases, respectively. In PF, intercellular deposits of IgG were found in 94% and of C3 in 75% of cases. By indirect immunfluorescence microscopy on monkey esophagus, 94% of the PV and 88% of the PF patients revealed circulating serum antibodies. In 30 patients, we characterized the immune response by ELISA using recombinant desmoglein 1 and 3. All PF sera showed autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and all PV sera against desmoglein 3. In PV with both mucous membrane and skin involvement, antibodies to both desmoglein 3 and 1 were detected. Conclusions. Our results confirm the correlation of the autoantibody profile with the clinical phenotype of pemphigus.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung. Der Pemphigus ist eine seltene intraepidermal Blasen bildende Autoimmundermatose, bei der 2 Formen unterschieden werden, der Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) und der Pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Das Ziel unserer Studie war die Erfassung der klinischen und immunpathologischen Veränderungen der Pemphiguspatienten, die in den letzten 10 Jahren an der Universitäts-Hautklinik Würzburg diagnostiziert wurden. Patienten/Methodik. Retrospektiv wurden klinische und immunpathologische Veränderungen von 48 Pemphiguspatienten ausgewertet. Es wurden nur solche Patienten berücksichtigt, die ein positives Ergebnis der direkten und/oder indirekten Immunfluoreszenzuntersuchung aufwiesen. Ergebnisse. Zwischen Januar 1989 und August 1998 diagnostizierten wir bei 48 Patienten eine Pemphiguserkrankung. Bei 31 Patienten lag ein PV, bei 17 ein PF vor. Das Durchschnittsalter (±Standardabweichung) des PV betrug 55 (±17), das des PF 60 (±12) Jahre. Alle PV-Patienten wiesen eine Schleimhaut- und 65% zusätzlich eine Hautbeteiligung auf. Die PF-Patienten zeigten dagegen Blasen und Erosionen an der Haut, nicht aber an den Schleimhäuten. Mittels direkter Immunfluoreszenz konnten wir bei 89% der PV-Patienten interzelluläre IgG- und bei 78% C3-Ablagerungen nachweisen. Bei den PF-Patienten fanden sich bei 94% interzelluläre IgG- und bei 75% C3-Ablagerungen. In der indirekten Immunfluoreszenz auf Affenösophagus gelang bei 94% der PV- und bei 88% der PF-Patienten ein Nachweis zirkulierender Autoantikörper. Bei 30 Patienten charakterisierten wir die Immunantwort mittels ELISA unter Verwendung rekombinanter Formen von Desmoglein 1 und 3. Alle der untersuchten PF-Seren zeigten Autoantikörper gegen Desmoglein 1, alle PV-Seren gegen Desmoglein 3. Bei den PV-Patienten, die neben Schleimhautläsionen auch Blasen an der Haut aufwiesen, fanden sich neben Antikörpern gegen Desmoglein 3 auch solche gegen Desmoglein 1. Schlussfolgerung. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen den Zusammenhang des Autoantikörperprofils mit dem Phänotyp des Pemphigus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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