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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 8027-8031 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-resolving thermal-emission electron microscope was developed for tracking transient phenomena on pulse-laser-heated metal surfaces. Short-time exposures with a temporal/spatial resolution of 3 ns/1 μm were achieved by adding a high-gain image intensifier and a fast beam blanking unit to a conventional emission microscope. Fast surface heating was realized using a frequency-doubled neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet pulse laser (12 ns full width at half-maximum). Experiments with tungsten and tantalum are presented, showing the potential of this method for imaging fast changes of local surface parameters, e.g., temperature. The emission microscope is found to be a sensitive probe for incipient laser-induced modifications of the surface, even in the conventional mode. Apart from this some technical problems as well as the physical limitations of time-resolved thermal-emission microscopy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 3598-3601 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The surface temperature of pulse laser heated tungsten targets was determined by a high-speed micropyrometric method. Using a blue line of the heat radiation, a temporal/spatial resolution of 2 ns/10 μm is achieved. Temperatures were traced in the range from 2800 K to the boiling point of tungsten at about 6000 K. The accuracy is about 5%–10% because of uncertain values of the spectral emissivity. However, the accuracy of radiance temperature is limited only by the photon shot noise. Numerical calculations of the one-dimensional heat equation are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. If melting occurs, thermocapillary flow reduces the spatial resolution from the Abbe limit to about 10 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1438-1444 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and performance of a fast-scanning, low- and variable-temperature, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) incorporated in an ultrahigh vacuum system is described. The sample temperature can be varied from 25 to 350 K by cooling the sample using a continuous flow He cryostat and counter heating by a W filament. The sample temperature can be changed tens of degrees on a time scale of minutes, and scanning is possible within minutes after a temperature change. By means of a software implemented active drift compensation the drift rate can be as low as 1 nm/day. The STM is rigid, very compact, and of low weight, and is attached firmly to the sample holder using a bayonet-type socket. Atomic resolution on clean metal surfaces can be achieved in the entire temperature range. The performance of the instrument is further demonstrated by images of adsorbed hexa-tert-butyl-decacyclene molecules on Cu(110), by STM movies, i.e., sequential STM images with a time resolution down to 1 s/image (100×100 Å2 with 256×256 pixels), of the mobility of these molecules, and finally by constant current images of standing waves in the electronic local density of states on Cu(110). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Keratinocyte activation comprises changes in protein and gene expression pattern resulting in phenotypic and functional changes necessary for re-epithelialization such as the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cell surface receptor (uPA-R; CD87). As uPA and uPA-R are rapidly induced after dispase-mediated detachment of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) we hypothesized that dispase-mediated detachment may cause a similar “activation” of keratinocytes with uPA and uPA-R being only one aspect of a complex “activation reaction”. To test this hypothesis we have comparatively analysed adherent versus detached keratinocyte sheets for selected indicators of keratinocyte activation by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore we have identified genes via subtraction cloning which are up-regulated upon dispase-induced detachment. The analyses provided evidence for an increased transcriptional and translational activity in detached keratinocytes, as indicated by over-expression of several ribosomal components (L3 and S10 ribosomal protein) and transcription factors (initiation factor 4A, elongation factor 1α). Increased proliferative activity was indicated by increased expression of the proliferation markers Ki67, keratin 6 and keratin 17. Finally, several markers of keratinocyte activation such as the integrin chain αv, psoriasin, glutathion-S-transferase and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor were up-regulated. Furthermore mevalonate kinase, a molecule as yet unknown to be expressed in keratinocytes, was identified. The findings provide evidence that dispase-mediated detachment in cultured keratinocytes induces a reaction, which comprises the up-regulation of a complex array of proliferation- and migration-related molecules. The pattern of which resembles the activation reaction observed in the re-epithelializing keratinocytes in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Under certain pathophysiological conditions epidermal keratinocytes produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator (LIPA) or tissue-type PA (tPA). These PAs are subject to regulation by PA inhibitors (PAI). including PAl type-2 (PAI-2). In the normal epidermis. PAI-2 is present in the differentiating suprabasal layers, albeit in the apparent absence of PAs. It has, therefore, been suggested that PAI-2 plays a role in epidermal differentiation not linked to its ability lo inhibit PAs. In line with this hypothesis, we have studied, by immunohistochemistry. the distribution of PAI-2. uPA and tPA in the normal and in the lesional epidermis of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). a disease in which epidermal differentiation is disturbed. The PAI-2 antigen was detectable in the normal epidermis and in the lesional epidermis of LE. In the normal epidermis, the PAI-2 antigen was most pronounced in the granular layer. In the hyperkeratotic epidermal lesions of LE. the PAI-2 antigen was increased. In normal and lesional skin. PAI-2 was distributed along the cell periphery. Indicating its association with the cornified envelope. Neither uPA nor tPA was detectable in normal or lesional epidermis. Our findings show that PAI-2 is a major type of PAI in normal epidermis and in the lesional epidermis of LE, and that increased epidermal PAI-2 is observed in a disease which is not associated with an increase in epidermal PAs. The data support the hypothesis that epidermal PAI-2 may have other functions than the regulation of PA activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 28 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Targeted insertion mutagenesis is a main molecular tool of yeast science initially applied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method was extended to fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and to “non-conventional” yeast species, which show specific properties of special interest to both basic and applied research. Consequently, the behaviour of such non-Saccharomyces yeasts is reviewed against the background of the knowledge of targeted insertion mutagenesis in S. cerevisiae. Data of homologous integration efficiencies obtained with circular, ends-in or ends-out vectors in several yeasts are compared. We follow details of targeted insertion mutagenesis in order to recognize possible rate-limiting steps. The route of the vector to the target and possible mechanisms of its integration into chromosomal genes are considered. Specific features of some yeast species are discussed. In addition, similar approaches based on homologous recombination that have been established for the mitochondrial genome of S. cerevisiae are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 311 (1993), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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