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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 825-833 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aging ; Immunology ; Skin-test ; Hypersensitivity delayed and immediate ; Alter ; Immunologie ; Hauttestung ; Zelluläre-humorale Immunität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zelluläre und humorale Immunantworten bei 43 gesunden freiwilligen Personen im Alter von 15–77 Jahren untersucht. Neben verschiedenen Hauttesten mit den Antigenen Candida, Trichophytin, Mumps, Streptokinase-Streptodornase, Tuberkulin, DNCB and KLH wurden auch in vitro-Untersuchungen zur quantitativen Immunoglobulin-und Komplementbestimmung zur Antikörperbildung auf KLH und zur Lymphozytentransformation auf die Antigene PHA, Pokeweed, ConA, PPD bei nahezu allen Personen durchgeführt. Die Stimulierbarkeit der Lymphozyten auf PHA und Con A sowie die Sensibilisierbarkeit auf DNCB nahm bereits im 40.–50. Lebensjahr deutlich ab. Die Hautteste mit Candida und Trichophytin waren in den einzelnen Altersgruppen nicht wesentlich unterschiedlich. Die Anzahl der Personen mit positiven Hautreaktionen auf die Antigene Mumps und Streptokinase-Streptodornase war im Alter ebenfalls geringer. Die Lymphozytentransformation und der Hauttest mit PPD bzw. Tuberkulin waren jenseits des 30. Lebensalters wesentlich stärker. Die Immunglobuline, Komplementspiegel und die Antikörperbildung auf KLH, sowie der Lymphozytentransformationstest mit dem Antigen Pokeweed zeigten in den einzelnen Altersgruppen keine wesentlichen Unterschiede. Eine Korrelation der einzelnen Teste innerhalb einer Person ließ sich nicht erstellen. Wir machten die Erfahrung, daß es nicht ausreicht, nur einige wenige Untersuchungen für die Erkennung eines Abwehrdefektes anzuwenden, sondern daß eine ganze Reihe, d.h. eine sogenannte Testbatterie notwendig ist.
    Notes: Summary Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were studied in 43 healthy volunteers aged between 15–77 years. Besides various skin tests with the antigens candida, trichophyton, mumps, streptokinase-streptodornase, tuberculin, DNCB and KLH also in vitro experiments measuring the immunoglobulin-and complement concentrations, the antibody production to KLH, the lymphocyte transformation rate to PHA, Pokeweed, Con A, PPD were done nearly in all patients. The responsiveness of lymphocytes to PHA and Con A and the sensitization of the skin with DNCB declines in the aged humans, beginning already at the 4th-5th decade. The skin tests with candida, trichophyton were not significantly different in the various age groups. The number of persons with positive skin reactions to the antigens mumps and streptokinase-streptodornase decreased also with advancing age. Lymphocyte transformation and skin test with PPD or tuberkulin were markedly increased beyond the age of 30. Serum levels of immunoglobulins, complement components, the antibody production to KLH, and the lymphocyte transformation rate to Pokeweed were not significantly different in the age groups. Correlation between the tests within each person could not be detected. We made the experience that only a few tests are not enough for the evaluation of an immunodeficient state, but that several tests, a so called “test battery”, are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1097-1107 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; Immune competence ; Cell-mediated/humoral immunity ; Skin tests ; Lymphocyte transformation ; Morbus Crohn ; Immunstatus ; Zelluläre/humorale Immunität ; Hauttest ; Lymphozyten-Transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde versucht, die immunologische Kompetenz von 15 Patienten mit überwiegend inaktivem Morbus Crohn sowie 28 Normalpersonen derselben Altersgruppe mit verschiedenen in vivound in vitro-Parametern zu erfassen: Zur Untersuchung des humoralen Immunstatus dienten die Immunglobuline im Serum, die Isoagglutinine und die Antikörperbildung nach Applikation des primären Antigens Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), während die zelluläre Immunantwort mit dem Kontaktallergen Dinitrochlorbenzol (DNCB), 5 ubiquitären Antigenen (Candida, Trichophytin, Mumps-Antigen, Streptokinase-Streptodornase, Tuberkulin) sowie KLH im Intracutan-Hauttest und mit der Lymphozyten-Transformation durch Mitogene (Phytohämagglutinin, Concanavaline A, Pokeweed Mitogen) und spezifische Antigene gemessen wurde. Zusätzlich wurden Complementfaktoren sowie bei 10 Crohn-Patienten T- und B-Lymphozyten im peripheren Blut bestimmt. Die Häufigkeit positiver Hauttest-Reaktionen auf SK-SD und DNCB war bei Crohn-Patienten ebenso wie die mittlere Infiltratgröße signifikant herabgesetzt. Auch auf Candida und Mumps-Antigen sowie KLH zeigten die Crohn-Patienten schwächere Reaktionen (n.s.), während die Lymphozyten-Transformation mit den Mitogenen PHA, ConA und PWM normal ausfiel. Bei den spezifischen Antigenen (PPD, SKSD, KLH) zeigte sich eine gute Korrelation zwischen Hauttest und LTT. Ein Drittel der Crohn-Patienten wies eine konstante Erniedrigung der absoluten Lymphozytenzahl im peripheren Blut auf, während sich Normalwerte für Complement und T-B-Zellen ergaben. Eine Korrelation zwischen klinischen und immunologischen Parametern bestand nicht. Somit ergibt sich bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn ein partieller zellulärer Immundefekt gegenüber primären und sekundären Antigenen bei normaler Mitogenstimulation der Lymphozyten und im wesentlichen ungestörter humoraler Immunität (KLH-Antikörper, Immunglobuline, Isoagglutinine). Die Frage ist jedoch noch offen, ob der Morbus Crohn auf dem Boden eines solchen Immundefektes entsteht oder ob es sich um immunologische Epiphänomene handelt, die erst im Verlaufe der Erkrankung auftreten.
    Notes: Summary The cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were assessed in 15 patients with Crohn's disease and in 28 age-matched control subjects by means of several in vivo and in vitro methods. The disease activity in most patients was absent or mode-rate. Studying cellular immunocompetence we investigated the skin reactivity to various recall antigens (Candida, Trichophytin, Mumpsantigen, Streptokinase-Streptodornase, PPD), the primary immune response to Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), and the lymphocyte transformation induced by mitogens (Phytohemagglutinin, Concanavaline A, Pokeweed Mitogen) and specific antigens. Humoral immunity was studied by measuring immunoglobulins, isohemagglutinins, and the antibody response to KLH. In addition, complement components and (in 10 patients) the proportions of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were evaluated. Cutaneous responsiveness to Candida, Mumpsantigen, SK-SD, and DNCB as well as the cellular immune response to KLH were impaired in patients with Crohn's disease (significance was reached for SK-SD, DNCB, and the mean area of induration). The lymphocyte transformation test with PHA, ConA, and PWM revealed normal results. For specific antigens (PPD, SK-SD, KLH) a good correlation could be demonstrated between delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness. Humoral immunity was not unequivocally impaired in Crohn's disease. Five patients with Crohn's disease proved constantly decreased total absolute lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood. The proportions of T- and B-lymphocytes and the complement-levels were corresponding to those in normal controls. No correlation was found between immunological and clinical parameters. In conclusion, patients with Crohn's disease exhibited a partial impairment of the cellular immune response, whereas humoral immunity was not affected. However, it remains to be elucidated whether this immune defect represents a basic pathogenetic factor in the onset of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 53-53 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsSchizosaccharomyces pombe ; Fission yeast ; Mitochondria ; Group-II intron ; Secondary structure ; Intron maturase ; Reverse transcriptase motif ; cox1 gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe herein a large group-II intron which is inserted in the mitochondrial cox1 gene of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain EF2. The intron RNA consists of 2492 nucleotides which can be folded into a secondary structure with all the expected sequence motifs of subgroup-IIA1 introns (Michel et al. 1989). Determination of the exact splice point revealed that the intron is inserted in the same codon, but 1 bp downstream, as the mobile intron aI2 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cox1 homologue. A total of nine nucleotide changes was observed around the insertion site of the intron in the cox1 gene of strain EF2 compared with the reference strain ade7-50h – . Seven of these changes are clustered within the 51 bp upstream of the splice point. Only one sequence deviation was found in the downstream exon. The intron is capable of splicing despite the fact that both the EBS1/IBS1 and the EBS2/IBS2 sequence motifs, thought to be necessary for correct splicing, extend over 5 instead of 6 bp. The maturase, endonuclease and reverse transcriptase domains of the putative protein encoded by the newly described S. pombe group-II intron were not closer to those encoded by the other two, cobI and cox2I, S. pombe group-II introns than to the group-II intron-encoded proteins in Allomyces, Marchantia, Podospora and Saccharomyces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 273-275 (Feb. 1998), p. 113-118 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 273-275 (Feb. 1998), p. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 273-275 (Feb. 1998), p. 99-106 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 8027-8031 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-resolving thermal-emission electron microscope was developed for tracking transient phenomena on pulse-laser-heated metal surfaces. Short-time exposures with a temporal/spatial resolution of 3 ns/1 μm were achieved by adding a high-gain image intensifier and a fast beam blanking unit to a conventional emission microscope. Fast surface heating was realized using a frequency-doubled neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet pulse laser (12 ns full width at half-maximum). Experiments with tungsten and tantalum are presented, showing the potential of this method for imaging fast changes of local surface parameters, e.g., temperature. The emission microscope is found to be a sensitive probe for incipient laser-induced modifications of the surface, even in the conventional mode. Apart from this some technical problems as well as the physical limitations of time-resolved thermal-emission microscopy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 3598-3601 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The surface temperature of pulse laser heated tungsten targets was determined by a high-speed micropyrometric method. Using a blue line of the heat radiation, a temporal/spatial resolution of 2 ns/10 μm is achieved. Temperatures were traced in the range from 2800 K to the boiling point of tungsten at about 6000 K. The accuracy is about 5%–10% because of uncertain values of the spectral emissivity. However, the accuracy of radiance temperature is limited only by the photon shot noise. Numerical calculations of the one-dimensional heat equation are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. If melting occurs, thermocapillary flow reduces the spatial resolution from the Abbe limit to about 10 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1438-1444 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and performance of a fast-scanning, low- and variable-temperature, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) incorporated in an ultrahigh vacuum system is described. The sample temperature can be varied from 25 to 350 K by cooling the sample using a continuous flow He cryostat and counter heating by a W filament. The sample temperature can be changed tens of degrees on a time scale of minutes, and scanning is possible within minutes after a temperature change. By means of a software implemented active drift compensation the drift rate can be as low as 1 nm/day. The STM is rigid, very compact, and of low weight, and is attached firmly to the sample holder using a bayonet-type socket. Atomic resolution on clean metal surfaces can be achieved in the entire temperature range. The performance of the instrument is further demonstrated by images of adsorbed hexa-tert-butyl-decacyclene molecules on Cu(110), by STM movies, i.e., sequential STM images with a time resolution down to 1 s/image (100×100 Å2 with 256×256 pixels), of the mobility of these molecules, and finally by constant current images of standing waves in the electronic local density of states on Cu(110). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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