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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 29 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 13 (1989), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'homéostasie du calcium est modifiée par une activité physique importante. Ce mécanisme n'est pas clairement expliqué. Le but de cette étude est d'examiner ce rapport, notamment en ce qui concerne les variations des hormones qui contrôlent la calcémie. Six sujets ont effectué un programme d'exercice intensif sur une bicyclette ergométrique pendant dix minutes. On a dosé sur des prélèvements sanguins le calcium ionisé, le calcium total, la calcitonine et le pH. On a titré la parathormone plasmatique en utilisant une nouvelle méthode N-terminale, très sensible. L'exercice élevait le taux de calcium ionisé sérique d'une manière significative à 50% de la capacité aérobique maxima (VO2 max.). Cette élévation s'est poursuivie jusqu'à la phase ultime de récupération, pour retomber ensuite significativement en dessous des taux observés chez les sujets au repos. Les taux de parathormone plasmatique s'abaissaient au début, lors d'un exercice modéré (50% VO2 max.) mais pendant et tout de suite après un exercice intense, ils se relevaient de manière significative. Nos résultats permettent de penser que l'effort active des influences hormonales ostéolytiques qui agissent sur le squelette par augmentation de la parathormone plasmatique et mobilisation des réserves calciques. Ces modifications peuvent fournir les éléments qui permettront aux forces mécaniques ostéogéniques de parvenir à une balance squelettique positive.
    Notizen: Summary Calcium homeostasis is altered by strenuous physical exercise. The mechanism is unclear. Our study was designed to investigate this relationship, particularly any associated changes in the calcium regulating hormones. Six subjects carried out a strenuous exercise programme for 10 min on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were analysed for ionized calcium, total calcium, calcitonin and pH. Plasma parathormone was assayed using a new and very sensitive N-terminal assay. Serum ionized calcium was significantly elevated by exercise at 50% of maximum aerobic capacity (VO2 max.). The rise persisted until the late recovery phase, when it fell significantly below resting levels. Plasma parathormone levels were initially depressed by moderate exercise (50% VO2 max.) but were significantly elevated during and immediately after severe exercise. Our results suggest that exercise stimulates the hormonal, osteolytic influences acting on the skeleton, with increases in plasma parathormone and mobilisation of calcium stores. These changes may provide a supply of raw material allowing the osteogenic mechanical forces initiated by exercise to produce a positive skeletal balance. In view of the possible relevance of these findings to the understanding and management of osteoporosis we feel that this area merits further study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 257 (1975), S. 710-712 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] There are several examples of the emergence of foetal proteins during neoplastic transformation5. Since at least some human leukaemias involve red-cell as well as whitecell precursors there may be a reversion to a foetal form of erythropoiesis in these disorders. The only condition where there is a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Insulin resistance ; hypertension ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; thiazide diuretic.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In conventional doses, thiazide diuretics impair glucose tolerance and decrease insulin sensitivity, making them an unpopular choice for treating diabetic patients with hypertension. However, use of low-dose thiazide diuretics may avoid the adverse metabolic effects seen with conventional doses. In a double-blind, randomised crossover study we assessed peripheral and hepatic insulin action in 13 hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients after a 6-week placebo run-in and following two 12-week treatment periods with either low (1.25 mg) or conventional (5.0 mg) dose bendrofluazide. There were no differences between doses in their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Bendrofluazide 1.25 mg had significantly less effect on serum potassium, uric acid, fasting glucose and HbA1 c concentrations than the 5.00 mg dose. Exogenous glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were significantly different between doses (p 〈 0.05) with conventional-dose bendrofluazide worsening peripheral insulin resistance compared to baseline (23.8 ± 2.9 vs 27.3 ± 3.5 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05) and low-dose bendrofluazide producing no change compared to baseline (26.8 ± 3.6 vs 27.3 ± 3.5 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p = NS). Postabsorptive endogenous glucose production was higher on treatment with bendrofluazide 5.0 mg compared to 1.25 mg (11.7 ± 0.5 vs 10.2 ± 0.3 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05) and suppressed to a lesser extent following insulin (4.0 ± 0.7 vs 2.0 ± 0.4 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05). Treatment with bendrofluazide 5.0 mg increased postabsorptive endogenous glucose production compared to baseline (11.7 ± 0.5 vs 10.6 ± 0.4 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p 〈 0.05) whereas bendrofluazide 1.25 mg did not (10.2 ± 0.3 vs 10.6 ± 0.4 μmol · kg− 1· min− 1, p = NS). At a dose of 1.25 mg bendrofluazide is as effective as conventional doses but has less adverse metabolic effects. In contrast to conventional doses which worsen both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, low-dose bendrofluazide has no effect on insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 853–859]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 229-231 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Diabetes ; Circadian ; Adrenal ; Rhythm ; Hypoglycaemia ; 11-OH ; Corticosteroid ; Insulin Therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le rythme circadien de la sécrétion corticosurrénale de 18 diabétiques était normal, comme on a pu en juger par les taux plasmatiques en série des 11-OH-corticostéroïdes. Des épisodes d'hypoglycémie modérée ont provoqué une augmentation des 11-OH-corticostéroïdes du plasma chez 12 patients diabétiques sous thérapeutique insulinique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Bei 18 Diabetikern wurde durch Serienbestimmung der Plasma-11-OH-Corticosteroidspiegel ein normaler Tagesrhythmus der Nebennierenrinden-Sekretion gefunden. Leichte Hypoglykämien bewirkten einen Anstieg der 11-OH-Corticosteroidspiegel im Plasma bei 12 insulinbehandelten Diabetikern.
    Notizen: Summary The circadian rhythm of adrenocortical secretion in 18 diabetic subjects was normal as judged by serial plasma 11-OH-corticosteroid levels. Mild episodes of hypoglycaemia induced a rise in the plasma 11-OH-corticosteroid in 12 diabetic patients on insulin therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Blood sugar response ; plasma insulin response ; serum cholesterol ; serum triglyceride ; atherosclerosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les auteurs présentent leurs observations sur la fréquence du taux anormal de cholestérol et de triglycérides sériques et sur les réponses anormales du glucose sanguin et de l'insuline provoquées par le test de tolérance au glucose chez 51 patients de sexe masculin présentant des troubles athérosclérotiques des vaisseaux périphériques. La comparaison des résultats relevés dans ce groupe avec ceux d'un groupe de 47 témoins strictement comparables par l'âge et le sexe a été faite. Les deux groupes présentaient un même degré d'obésité. L'anomalie la plus fréquente était une réponse de l'insuline du plasma plus prolongée et plus prononcée. Cette réponse était beaucoup plus fréquente chez les athérosclérotiques que chez les sujets normaux. Plus de 75% des malades ont montré une anomalie du taux de glucose sanguin ou de la réponse de l'insuline. Une augmentation du taux des lipides sanguins à jeûn était beaucoup plus rare bien que le taux moyen de cholestérol sérique ait été nettement supérieur à celui des sujets témoins.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die Autoren berichten über die Häufigkeit von Anomalien der Nüchternwerte von Serumcholesterin und Serumtriglyzeriden und über anormale Blutzucker- und Plasmainsulinreaktionen nach einem oralen Glucosebelastungstest bei 51 männlichen Patienten mit atherosklerotischen peripheren Gefäßkrankheiten. Sie verglichen diese Befunde mit 47 gesunden Personen in einer nach Alter und Geschlecht vergleichbaren Gruppe. Die beiden Gruppen wiesen einen ähnlichen Grad von Adipositas auf. Die häufigste Anomalie war eine verlängerte und erhöhte Plasmainsulinreaktion, die viel häufiger bei den Atherosklerotikern als bei den Kontrollen vorkam. Über 75% der Patienten zeigten anormale Blutzucker-oder Insulinreaktionen. Eine Erhöhung der Nnchtern-Serumlipidwerte trat viel seltener auf, obwohl die mittleren Serumcholesterinspiegel bei den Atherosklerotikern signifikant höher lagen als bei den Kontrollen.
    Notizen: Summary The incidence of abnormalities of fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and blood sugar and plasma insulin response to an oral glucose load have been investigated in a group of 51 male patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. These have been compared with an age and sex matched group of 47 healthy controls. Both groups showed a similar degree of obesity. The most common single abnormality was a prolonged and increased plasma insulin response, which was much more frequently seen among patients than controls. Over 75% of the patients showed abnormality of blood sugar or insulin response. Elevation of fasting levels of serum lipids was considerably less common, although the mean serum cholesterol level of the patients was significantly higher than that of the controls. The relevance of these results is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Tritiated glucose ; non-steady state glucose turnover ; hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamps ; HPLC ; tracer impurity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The use of tritiated glucose tracers may result in underestimation of glucose turnover during hyperinsulinaemic clamps giving paradoxical negative endogenous glucose production rates. While mathematical modelling errors in the analysis of tracer data are major determinants of this underestimate in the non-steady state, the relative importance of tracer contamination under these conditions remains in doubt. We have used high performance liquid chromatography to assess the possible contribution to this problem of a labelled tracer impurity found in [6-3H]glucose. In conventional 4 h hyperinsulinaemic clamps performed in six normal subjects, labelled impurity increased as a percentage of the neutral plasma radioactivity fraction from 5.3±0.9% after a 2 h equilibration period (0 min) to 13.5±2.2% at 120 min and 15.4±2.4% at 240 min, as plasma glucose specific activities fell following the infusion of insulin. Negative endogenous glucose production rates were observed both at 90–120 min (−8.8±1.6μmol·kg−1min−1) and at 210–240 min (−8.5±1.4 μmol·kg−1min−1) implying a persistent underestimate in isotopically determined glucose appearance rate. Using chromatography data to correct for impurity increased glucose appearance rates by 7.9±2.1% at 120 min and 11.0±2.5% at 240 min. Purified tracer was then used for a further six clamps. When the conventional protocol was used with unlabelled glucose infusion an obvious negative error persisted only at 90–120 min. In contrast, labelled infusions gave exclusively positive values for endogenous glucose production. We conclude that a labelled impurity of [6-3H]glucose may be an important source of error in measurement of glucose turnover and endogenous glucose production in the non-steady state. Use of chromatographically pure tritiated glucose tracers is recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Glucose cycle ; insulin resistance ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It has been suggested that increased glucose/glucose 6-phosphate substrate cycling impairs net hepatic glucose uptake in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and contributes to hyperglycaemia. To investigate glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycle activity and insulin action in Type 2 diabetes we studied eight patients and eight healthy control subjects, using the euglycaemic glucose clamp and isotope dilution techniques with purified [2-3H]- and [6-3H] glucose tracers, in the post-absorptive state and eight patients and five healthy control subjects during consecutive insulin infusions at rates of 0.4 and 2.0 mU·kg−1·min−1. [2-3H]glucose and [6-3H]glucose radioactivity in plasma samples were determined using selective enzymatic detritiation, allowing calculation of glucose turnover rates for each isotope, the difference being glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycling. Endogenous glucose production ([6-3H]glucose) was greater in diabetic than control subjects in the post-absorptive state (15.6±1.5 vs 11.3±0.4 μmol·kg−1·min−1, p〈0.05) and during the 0.4 mU insulin infusion (10.1±1.3 vs 5.2±0.3 μmol·kg−1·min−1, p〈0.01) indicating hepatic insulin resistance. Glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycling was significantly greater in diabetic than in control subjects in the post-absorptive state (2.6±0.4 vs 1.6±0.2 μmol·kg−1·min−1, p〈0.05) but not during the 0.4 mU insulin infusion (2.0±0.4 vs 2.0±0.3 μmol·kg−1·min−1). During the 2.0 mU insulin infusion endogenous glucose production was suppressed to a similar degree in both groups (2.6±0.5 vs 3.4±0.7 μmol · kg−1·min−1) but glucose disappearance was lower in the diabetic subjects (30.8±2.0 vs 52.4±4.6 μmol·kg−1·min−1, p〈0.01). During the 2.0 mU insulin infusion glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycling was greater in the diabetic subjects (3.8±0.7 vs 0.8±0.6 μmol·kg−1·min−1, p〈0.05). In conclusion, both hepatic and peripheral insulin action are impaired in Type 2 diabetes. Increased glucose/glucose 6-phosphate cycling is seen in the post-absorptive state and also during marked hyperinsulinaemia, when insulin resistance is predominantly due to reduced peripheral tissue glucose uptake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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