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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naltrexone effects on pituitary neurointermediate lobe and median eminence (1984)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 9 (1984), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The long-acting opiate antagonist naltrexone hydrochloride was administered by intraperitoneal injection, in a dose response protocol, to adult rats. The drug was used to observe effects of opiate receptor blockade on cells of the pituitary gland and adjacent hypothalamus. At higher drug doses (5mg/kg or 10mg/kg), neurites directly innervating pars intermedia cells contained swollen vesicles and disrupted membranous elements. Fibers within the median eminence of the hypothalamus appeared swollen, and contained myelin figures. Despite the consistent degenerative changes appearing in neurites, measurements of levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in striatum, and hypothalamus did not differ significantly between naltrexone-treated or control animals, although there was a significant elevation of norepinephrine in the pituitary after drug treatment. At all drug dose levels administered, supraependymal neuron-like cells appeared atop the ependyma of the third ventricle above the median eminence. These observations suggest that naltrexone produces specific “neurotoxic” effects on neurites of the tuberoinfundibular system, and may induce changes in the ventricular environment which stimulate the appearance of supraependymal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964168
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of ependymal cells of the shark median eminence (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of ependymal cells of the median eminence in young Pacific blacktip reef sharks is described. Three major cell types have been observed. The first type is an irregularly-shaped, electron dense cell with many long microvilli and occasional cilia projecting into the ventricle. A second type contains dense cytoplasmic granules in sizes ranging from 1000-2000 Å, and may be morphologically equivalent to “liquor-contacting neurons” observed in ependymal linings elsewhere. The third type appears very similar to crown cells of saccus vasculosus of this and other species. Cells of the third type possess large, lipid-like inclusions, bulbous projections originating from basal bodies, and prominent smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The crown-like cells are compared to cells of saccus vasculosus of young and adult sharks, and their possible significance is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091780313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular spaces of the rat pars intermedia as outlined by lanthanum tracer (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extracellular spaces of the rat pars intermedia were examined after perfusion with fixative containing lanthanum. The tracer reveals complex and extensive interdigitations among secretory cells. Spaces appear continuous with extracellular “channels” between the epithelial cells lining the hypophyseal cleft. Some suggestion for close contiguity between endocrine cells was present as “narrowing” or discontinuous areas within lanthanum-filled spaces. Extracellular regions surrounding nerve fibers and terminals appear continuous with the spaces between secretory cells. Areas between cells are thought to provide access to vascular and local neurotransmitter input, as well as to provide an extensive area for extrusion of peptide hormones and endogeneous opiates.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960312
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic infusion of opiate peptides to rat cerebrospinal fluid with osmotic minipumps (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 210 (1984), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Beta-endorphin-related opiate peptides or the opiate antagonist naloxone were chronically infused for periods of 24 to 48 hours to the lateral cerebral ventricle of adult male rats using Alza osmotic minipumps. Previous studies have suggested a “chemotactic”-like effect of opiate peptides for supraependymal macrophages in the region of the third ventricle of the brain. The present study demonstrates a stimulatory effect of beta-endorphin infusion on the appearance of lymphocyte and neutrophil-like cells, in addition to macrophages, in the region of the third ventricle, suggestive of an intracerebral inflammatory response. None of the other molecules, including alphaendorphin, methionine-enkephalin, naloxone, or sterile saline produced similar cellular responses after infusion, although some of the latter substances may have induced the appearance of supraependymal neuron-like cells in the area. Observations suggest that the chronic presence of beta-endorphin, a biologically active opiate peptide, will interact with cells of the immune system, which have the ability to gain access to the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092100114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pituitary intermediate lobe in aging rats (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 227 (1990), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pituitary intermediate lobe, a source of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides, was examined with light and electron microscopic techniques in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5-18 months and Zucker rats aged 18 months. Cysts were common in the intermediate lobe in the Zucker animals, a finding also noted in human pituitary glands by other investigations. The nuclear envelopes were often indented in cells of aging rats, while those of young animals were generally smooth. Lipid droplets and lysosomes, rarely seen in tissue from young animals, were frequently observed in endocrine cells of older rats. Most cells had an abundance of secretory granules, suggestive of enhanced storage of peptides in the cytoplasm. Nerve terminals which were present among endocrine cells contained myelin figures in some of the old rats, and may indicate degenerative changes, while other terminals appeared normal. These morphologic findings suggest that the aging phenomena in intermediate lobe tissue have characteristics in common with nervous tissue, and may also reflect a diminished inhibitory neuroregulation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092270111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of pigmented rats: Observations of melanin-like granules within secretory cells (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pars intermedia of non-obese pigmented rats of the Zucker strain is described using transmission electron microscopy. Secretory cells appear similar to those described elsewhere in albino rodent hypophyses. Cells which may be equivalent to ACTH cells of non-pigmented mice and rats are observed near theborder of the pars distalis. Melanocytes are observed to surround lobules of the pars intermedia and to penetrate among secretory cells. In addition, large granules which appear to be melanin are present within some pars intermedia cells. Portions of some cells near melanin or melanin-like granules exhibit expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi zones containing dense granules. Observations are discussed in relation to origin of the melanin, and its possible significance near cells known to produce melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in hepatocytes of mice fed a gallstone-inducing diet: Occurrence of nuclear and cytoplasmic lipids (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 194 (1979), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice fed a high cholesterol-cholic acid (lithogenic) diet for one year develop fatty livers in addition to gallstones. Light and electron micrographs demonstrate large amounts of lipids in liver parenchymal cells, often to the exclusion of most other cytoplasmic organelles. In addition, some hepatocytes exhibit nuclear lipid pseudo- and true inclusions. Other prominent features of hepatocytes after lithogenic diet include segregation of nucleolar granular and fibrillar material. Accumulation of considerable collagen in extracellular spaces is also noted. Observations suggest changes induced by the cholesterol diet are comparable to cytologic alterations seen in spontaneous and drug induced hepatic tumors, as well as to more general “fatty metamorphosis” of the liver.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091940108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitosis in pituitary MSH/endorphin cells of adult male rat pars intermedia: Light and electron microscopic observations (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 200 (1981), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Small numbers of dividing cells were observed in the pituitary intermediate lobe of normal and p-chloroamphetamine-treated adult male rats. Ultrastructural examination reveals that the mitotic elements are granulated MSH/endorphin cells. Nerve fibers providing direct innervation could be found on dividing cells. The observations illustrate a limited potential for proliferation in the adult MSH/endorphin cell population.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092000311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of gallstones produced in mice fed a high cholesterol diet (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 187 (1977), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice fed a high cholesterol-cholic acid diet for two to six months develop gallstones; these were studied by transmission electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde-digitonin fixation. Examination of the contents of mouse gallbladders presents views of layered structures and surrounding amorphous material. We interpret these images of gallstones to suggest that they may arise by cohesion of material rich in cholesterol to form more ordered structures. Gallbladder contents of mice fed the diet for five to six months were found to contain occasional crystals and rectangular areas similar to those observed in thin sections of human gallstones (unpublished observations). Recent findings that human gallstones can be dissolved with chenodeoxycholic acid are discussed, with reference to their applicability to studies of gallstones in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091870207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lateral recess of the third ventricle in teleosts: An electron microscopic and golgi study (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 521-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ependyma ; Fish ; Third ventricle ; Hypothalamus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ependyma lining the lateral recess of the third ventricle of the teleost inferior lobe has been studied by light and electron microscopy, including Golgi impregnation methods. As many as five different cell types appear to line the ventricle, but some of these may be similar cells in different stages of activity. One cell type contains small dense-cored vesicles and appears to have processes extending into deeper portions of the lobe. Golgi preparations reveal subependymal cells with apical processes extending to the ventricle and basal extensions which may reach the pial surface. The present observations are discussed in relation to similar studies in other fishes, amphibians and mammals. Possible functions for the various cells observed are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225916
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