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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Heme Oxygenase Isozyme mRNAs in the Human Brain and Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Nitric Oxide Donors (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 67 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Heme oxygenase is an essential enzyme in the heme catabolism that produces carbon monoxide (CO). This study was designed to examine the expression of two heme oxygenase isozyme mRNAs in the human brain and to explore the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and various neuropeptides in the regulation of their expression. Northern blot analysis showed the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 mRNAs in every region of the brain examined, with the highest levels found in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and hypothalamus. In a human glioblastoma cell line, T98G, treatment with any of three types of NO donors—sodium nitroprusside, 3-morpholinosydnonimine, and S-nitroso-l-glutathione—caused a significant increase in the levels of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA but not in the levels of heme oxygenase-2 and heat-shock protein 70 mRNAs. Sodium nitroprusside increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 protein but not the levels of heat-shock protein 70 in T98G cells. The increase in content of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA caused by sodium nitroprusside was completely abolished by the treatment with actinomycin D. On the other hand, the levels of heme oxygenase isozyme mRNAs were not noticeably changed in T98G cells following the treatment with 8-bromo cyclic GMP, sodium nitrite, or various neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, endothelin-1, and corticotropin-releasing hormone. The present study has shown the expression profiles of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 mRNAs in the human brain and the induction of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA caused by NO donors in T98G cells. These findings raise a possibility that the CO/heme oxygenase system may function in concert with the NO/NO synthase system in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67020482.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Melanin-Concentrating Hormone in the Human Brain (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 680 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb19756.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) in normal and abnormal endometrium (1993)
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the cell kinetics of human endometrial disorders immunolocation of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was performed in 69 specimens of normal, hyperplastic, or malignant endometrial tissue that had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Immunoreactivity of PCNA was observed in all specimens examined. In the proliferative phase, PCNA positive cells were present in both the glands and stroma. In the secretory phase PCNA positive cells were seen principally in the stromal cells. A PCNA labeling index was obtained by counting one thousand cells per case. PCNA positivity in the proliferative phase was significantly higher than in the secretory phase (P 〈 0.01), but lower than in moderately differentiated (P 〈 0.01) or poorly differentiated (P 〈 0.05) adenocarcinoma. No significant differences in the PCNA labeling index were observed between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. These findings indicate that possible biologic differences between these proliferative endometrial lesions are probably not due to differences in cell proliferative activity, but rather to factors other than proliferation such as their ability to invade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1993.03020122.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of cytochrome P-45011β -hydroxylase in human adrenal cortex with mineralo- and glucocorticoid excess (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Hypercorticism ; Adrenocortical adenoma ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Steroid 11β-hydroxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 11β-hydroxylation (P-45011β ) was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the adrenal glands of human, pig and bovine and of mineralo- and glucocorticoid excess using a specific monoclonal antibody against P-45011β of bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. P-45011β was present in all three cortical zones of the histologically normal adrenal glands of bovine, pig and human, particularly in the zona fasciculata (ZF) and reticularis (ZR). The P-45011β immunoreactivity was intensive in cortical micronodules and inner ZF and ZR in Cushing's disease, and relatively intensive in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and outer ZF in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), corresponding to the sites of active steroidogenesis. In adenomas with Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism, compact cells were generally stained well. In the adrenal glands attached to the adenomas, immunoreactivity was observed only focally in ZG cells but not in ZF and ZR cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783023
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testicular sex cord-stromal lesions: Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin, vimentin and steroidogenic enzymes (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testis ; Sex cord-stromal tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Steroidogenesis ; Intermediate filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied immunolocalization of all steroidogenic enzyme involved in sex steroids biosynthesis, P-450 side chain cleavage (P-450scc), 3β hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD),P-450 17α hydroxylase (P-45014α) andP-450 aromatase (P-450arom) and that of vimentin and cytokeratin in 14 cases of testicular sex cord-stromal tumours (6 Leydig cell tumours, 5 Sertoli cell tumours, 2 fibromas and 1 granulosa cell tumour) as well as 4 cases of hyperplasia (2 Leydig and 2 Sertoli). Leydig cell tumour expressed all four steroidogenic enzymes examined, indicating that this tumour can synthesize oestrogen from cholesterol. In 2 cases of Sertoli cell tumour, the tumour cells with clear cytoplasm and without Reinke's crystals expressedP-450ssc, 3β-HSD andP-45017α, suggesting the capability of androgen production in these tumour cells. Fibromas and granulosa cell tumour were negative for the enzymes examined. In immunohistochemistry of intermediate filaments, Leydig cell tumours demonstrated only vimentin. Sertoli cells in hyperplasia and non-neoplastic testis expressed only vimentin but Sertoli cell tumours expressed both cytokeratin and vimentin. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity was correlated with morphological epithelial differentiation in Sertoli cell tumour. These findings in testicular Sertoli cell tumour are considered to represent the multiple differentiation capacity of this neoplasm. Immunohisto-chemical study of steroidogenic enzymes and intermediate filaments provided new insight into neoplastic steroidogenesis and the differentiation capacity of testicular sex cordstromal neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01607050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type II 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Expression in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 2516-2522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: TYPE II 11β-HYDROXYSTEROIDDEHYDROGENASE ; ULCERATIVE COLITIS ; CROHN'S DISEASE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Type II 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenaseendows specificity on the mineralocorticoid receptor bymetabolizing cortisol and regulates sodium absorption inrenal and colonic epithelium. Altered expression of this enzyme may be associated with impairedsodium absorption often seen in colonic mucosa ofinflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was toinvestigate possible abnormality of11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase protein and mRNA expression ininflammatory bowel disease. In Crohn's disease, thecolonic epithelium showed comparable levels ofimmunoreactivity and mRNA expression to those ofcontrol, except for the decreased immunoreactivity insevere inflamed lesions with deep ulcer. In contrary, alack or decrease of immunoreactivity was relevant inulcerative colitis regardless of the histological degree of inflammation. The mRNA expression wasalso significantly decreased in ulcerative colitis. Thisstudy demonstrates that abnormality of epithelial cellsin ulcerative colitis includes the enzyme that regulates water and sodium absorption,which are physiologically essential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026699324927
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical Studies on EGF Family Growth Factors in Normal and Ulcerated Human Gastric Mucosa (1997)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 1199-1209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR ; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-α ; AMPHIREGULIN ; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR ; CRIPTO ; GASTRIC ULCER
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expression of members of the epidermal growthfactor family, including epidermal growth factor (EGF),transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α),amphiregulin (AR), and Cripto, as well as their putative receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), was studied immunohistochemically in humangastric mucosa to evaluate their possible roles in cellproliferation of normal and regenerative gastric mucosa. We also examined the correlation between cellproliferation and EGFR by double immunohistochemicalstaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)and EGFR. In normal gastric mucosa, TGF-α, Cripto, and AR immunoreactivities were observed in thesurface epithelial and parietal cells of gastric fundicglands, respectively. EGF immunoreactivity was notobserved in any of normal mucosa examined. EGFR immunoreactivity was detected on foveolar cellsin proliferative zones and in parietal cells. Doubleimmunostaining revealed that EGFR immunoreactivity wasdistributed much more widely than PCNA immunoreactivity. PCNA positive epithelial cells adjacent togastric ulcer margin expressed relatively intense EGFRbut did not express any of the growth factors examined.On the other hand, relatively intense immunoreactivity of both TGF-α and Cripto was detected inPCNA-negative regenerative epithelium located distantfrom gastric ulcer margin. Relative immunoreactivity ofAR in regenerative gastric epithelium associated with ulcer was not different from that innormal gastric mucosa. TGF-α, AR, and Cripto areconsidered to play important roles in normal gastricmucosal proliferation, and TGF-α and Cripto may be involved in ulcer healing, possibly via aparacrine mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018897922644
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Mineralocorticoid Receptor by Sodium Butyrate in Small Intestinal (IEC6) and Colonic (T84) Epithelial Cell Lines (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 1571-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ; BUTYRIC ACID ; SMALL INTESTINAL CELLS ; COLON CELLS ; DIFFERENTIATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mineralocorticoid action is essential forcolonic sodium and water absorption and is mediated viamineralocorticoid receptors in the upper half of coloniccrypts. On the other hand, it has been established that sodium butyrate inducesdifferentiation-like phenomenon in vitro. The aim ofthis study is to investigate whether this bacterialproduct participates in the regulation of gene andprotein expression of mineralocorticoid receptor in vitro. IEC6and T84 cells were stimulated by sodium butyrate andRNAs extracted. Gene expression of mineralocorticoidreceptor was evaluated by northern blotting orsemiquantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression was determined inT84 cells using immunohistochemistry. To investigatewhether MR induction was associated with cellulardifferentiation, we also measured alkaline phosphatase in situ. The mineralocorticoid receptor genewas induced by sodium butyrate in both IEC6 and T84cells. Immunoreactivity increased in butyrate-treatedT84 cells, but receptorcontaining cells were notuniformly distributed and often formed clusters.Induction of alkaline phosphate activity was alsodemonstrated in both IEC6 and T84 cells. Double stainingby immunoreactivity and alkaline phosphatase activityclearly demonstrated the colocalization of both afterbutyrate treatment. In conclusion, sodium butyrateup-regulates gene and protein expression of thefunctionally important mineralocorticoid receptor inepithelial cells, after induction by differentiation-likecondition in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026606809171
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of aromatase in human breast disorders using different antibodies (1998)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 49 (1998), S. S79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast ; carcinoma ; aromatase ; immunohistochemistry ; antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunolocalization of aromatase can provide important information about the status of intratumoral aromatase of human breast. We have performed immunohistochemistry of aromatase in surgical pathology specimens of human breast disorders using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Both antibodies yielded satisfactory results in immunostaining of aromatase in normal placenta and normal cycling human ovaries. In human breast disorders, immunostaining or aromatase using monoclonal antibodies can only demonstrate immunoreactivity following antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity can be detected in both carcinoma and stromal cells but nuclear immunoreactivity, which may be represent artefactural changes, can be detected in both normal and neoplastic breasts. Immunostaining using polyclonal antibody revealed aromatase immunoreactivity in cytoplasm of adipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular wall cells and Schwann cells but intense immunoreactivity was detected in adipocytes adjacent to carcinoma invasion in 68/82 carcinoma cases and stromal cells around carcinoma nest in 58/82 cases. Strong aromatase immunoreactivity was detected in 7/69 benign proliferative breast disorder, 5 of which were sclerosing adenosis. Aromatase immunoreactivity was also detected in carcinoma cells in 7/82 cases but aromatase positive carcinoma cells represent less than 5% of tumor cells in all these cases. These results above indicate that polyclonal antibody is considered to be more suitable for aromatase immunohistochemistry in archival materials of breast disorders but further investigations including easy and reproducible scoring system and production of reliable monoclonal antibodies are required to establish aromatase immunohistochemistry as a reliable method of assessing intratumoral aromatase in human breast disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006009128920
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Functioning Composite ‘Corticotroph’ Pituitary Adenoma with Interspersed Adrenocortical Cells (1999)
    Springer
    Pituitary 1 (1999), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7403
    Keywords: corticotroph ; adrenocortical cells ; immunohistochemistry ; electron microscopy ; pituitary adenoma ; Cushing's syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the third case of a composite corticotroph pituitary adenoma with interspersed adrenocortical cells. The 16-year-old male patient presented with findings of delayed growth and pubertal arrest. In contrast to the previous two cases, this patient's tumor showed evidence of function as demonstrated by an elevated urinary cortisol level. Imaging studies revealed a sellar mass that was excised transsphenoidally. Histologic examination revealed a composite tumor composed of distinct populations of large and small cells. The small cell population was PAS-positive and immunohistochemically positive for adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The large cell population had abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, was negative for PAS and adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and stained positively for a panel of markers found in steroid-producing adrenocortical cells. Both populations showed evidence of proliferation as manifest by the presence of MIB-1 positive cells. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of distinct populations of large adrenocortical cells and small corticotrophs, with intercellular junctions between the 2 cell types. The intimate relationship between the 2 cell population and the activated appearance of the adrenocortical cells suggests the possibility of a paracrine relationship between the two cell types. The identification of 3 patients with sellar tumors demonstrating strikingly similar morphological and ultrastructural features, and all occurring in the second decade of life, suggests that this represents a distinct pathologic entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009962627216
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