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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglion cells in the posterior pituitary: result of ectopia or transdifferentiation? (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 106-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Posterior pituitary ; Ganglion cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ectopia ; Transdifferentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histologic examination revealed large ganglion cells within the posterior pituitary of an 80-year-old woman who died of myocardial infarction. Apparently fully mature, the cells were an incidental finding scattered within hyperplastic foci of pars intermedia (PI)-derived cells (basophil invasion) on histologic examination of the pituitary obtained at autopsy. Immunocytochemistry showed staining reactivity for neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones and beta-endorphin. The presence of these ganglion cells with features similar to those of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons could be considered the result of abnormal migration during the early phase of embryonic life, or differentiation/maturation of neuroblasts, presumed to occur in the embryonic neurohypophysis. Alternatively, transdifferentiation from proliferating PI cells may explain the emergence of neurons; a hypothesis supported by the proximity and shared alpha subunit, and beta-endorphin immunoreactivities of the two cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adamantinoma of bone (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1982), S. 75-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone neoplasms ; Adamantinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunoenzyme ; Tibia/fibula ; Keratin ; Blood group antigens ; Factor VIII-related antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adamantinoma of bone is a rare tumor, and fine structural analysis has been done in only a few cases. We report four cases studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed a characteristic constellation of features, including intracellular bundles of type I microfilaments, moderate numbers of evenly dispersed mitochondria, scattered profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasional Golgi bodies and lysosomes, and scattered glycogen particles. Microvillous processes and desmosomes were identified in all tumors. Well-formed basement membranes enveloped cell clusters but did not surround individual cells. Intercellular basement membrane-like material also was found focally in pools. Ultrastructural features of endothelial differentiation, including Weibel-Palade bodies, micropinocytotic vesicles, and tight junctions, were not identified. Immunoperoxidase stains for coagulation factor VIII (von Willebrand factor) and blood group antigens were negative, whereas similar stains for keratin were positive. Our findings strongly suggest that adamantinoma is a neoplasm expressing definite epithelial, rather than endothelial, characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585615
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies, types 1 and 2: their utility in the study of tumors of the nervous system (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This is a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of selected archival tumors of the nervous system applying human anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies of types 1 and 2 (ANNA-1 and -2), serum markers of paraneoplastic syndromes associated primarily with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Neither ANNA-1 nor ANNA-2 bound to glial tumors regardless of histological grade and subtype; instead they labeled neurons in overrun normal parenchyma. Central neurocytomas and the neuronal components of mixed glioneuronal tumors were also immunoreactive for both. In addition, varying proportions of tumor cells were stained in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), tuber and neuroblastoma. All other tumors were nonreactive, namely choroid plexus papilloma, pituitary adenoma, pineocytoma, pheochromocytoma, thymic and pulmonary carcinoid, chordoma, meningioma, schwannoma and metastatic melanoma. SCLC was immunonegative for ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 in paraffin preparations, but displayed strong immunoreactivity for both in frozen sections: this discrepancy was not observed in other tumors studied. In conclusion, the human IgG autoantibodies ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 provide novel tools for studying the cytogenesis of tumors of the nervous system in that they permit the identification of both normal and neoplastic, poorly differentiated and small neuronal cells that may escape detection using commercially available anti-neuronal antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050902
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Randomized Phase II and Pharmacokinetic Study of Dacarbazine in Patients with Recurrent Glioma (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 49 (2000), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: DTIC ; dacarbazine ; recurrent gliomas ; brain tumors ; chemotherapy ; glioblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We conducted a randomized phase II study to determine the efficacy of dacarbazine (DTIC) in recurrent gliomas. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either DTIC 750 mg/m2 IV day 1 every 28 days (Arm A) or DTIC 200 mg/m2 IV days 1–5 every 28 days (Arm B). Pharmacokinetics were studied in 6 patients on each arm using HPLC analysis. Thirty-nine patients (30 male, 9 female), ages 27–67 years (median 53) were entered on the study (20 on Arm A, 19 on Arm B). No objective responses were seen. Median time to progression was 3 months. Median survival was 8 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Major toxicities were grade 1–2 nausea (33%), lethargy (28%), diarrhea (15%), alopecia (15%), and grade 3 neutropenia (8%). Four patients on Arm A had mild self-limited episodes of intravascular hemolysis occurring immediately after drug infusion, the mechanism of which is unknown. Mean AUC for DTIC, HMMTIC (5-[3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-1-triazeno] imidazole-4-carboxamide), and MTIC (5-[3-methyl-1-triazeno] imidazole-4-carboxamide), in Arm A were 14.8, 0.17, and 1.15 mM min, respectively. Corresponding values for Arm B (on day 1 of 5) were 1.7, 0.06, and 0.29 mM min, respectively. The predicted HMMTIC and MTIC exposure over 5 days for Arm B, based on the day 1 data, is higher than with Arm A. We conclude that DTIC is well tolerated but does not have activity in patients with recurrent gliomas. The 5-day schedule appears less toxic, and pharmacokinetic studies show that it provides greater exposure to MTIC and HMMTIC compared to the one-day schedule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006454427026
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The results of radiotherapy for brainstem tumors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 40 (1998), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: brainstem tumors ; surgery ; radiation therapy ; chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: This analysis was performed to examine the outcome of adult and pediatric patients with brainstem tumors. Methods and materials: Forty patients with brainstem glioma were evaluated retrospectively. Included were 24 females and 16 males ranging in age from 3 to 81 years (median, 29.5 years). These patients were treated with various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and ratiotherapy (RT). The length of follow-up in survivors ranged from 0.6 to 20 years (median: 3.2 years, mean: 6 years). Survival rates were calculated with the Kaplan Meier method and differences between survival curves were calculated using the log-rank test. Results: The overall 2 and 5-year survival rates were 44% and 34%, respectively. The median survival time was 19 months. The 5-year survival rate was 54% for patients with tumors outside the pons compared to 21% for those with tumors involving the pons (p=0.04). The 5-year survival rate was 59% for patients with exophytic tumors as compared to 23% for those with intrinsic tumors (p=0.05). Patients undergoing subtotal resection had a 5-year survival rate of 53% compared to 28% for those having only a biopsy or no surgical intervention (p=0.04). None of the other potential prognostic or treatment related factors evaluated [patient age, tumor grade, tumor histology, radiotherapy parameters (including BID fractionation, 3-D treatment planning, or the use of doses 〉 55 Gy), or the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy] evaluated were associated with patient survival. Conclusions: Brainstem gliomas generally occur in younger individuals. The survival rates were better for patients with exophytic tumors, those involving sites other than the pons, and tumors amenable to subtotal resection. Improvements in the outcome of patients with brainstem gliomas will require new therapeutic approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006193306286
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid Tumor/Rhabdoid Tumor: Response to Intensive Therapy and Review of the Literature (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 40 (1998), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: atypical teratoid tumor ; rhabdoid tumor ; PNET ; medulloblastoma ; teratoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATT/RT) of infancy and childhood is a unique histologic entity with an extremely aggressive natural history. Standard therapy for infant and childhood medulloblastoma, for which this entity is often mistaken, has been ineffective; most children survive less than 12 months after diagnosis. Intensified therapy has been recently used for children with this disease, with promising results [1,2]. We report four cases of ATT/RT in young children; all had subtotal resections and localized disease at diagnosis. One child treated prior to bone marrow transplant availability died of progressive disease 9 months after diagnosis. Another child, treated with high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy in preparation for bone marrow transplant, had a recurrence and died 20 months after diagnosis, without undergoing the transplant. Two children received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone-marrow transplant and had a good response to treatment; one survived 19 months, the other child is free of disease 46 months from diagnosis. Intensified therapy has altered the natural history of central nervous system ATT/RT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006125120866
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in childhood (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 2 (1984), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: nerve sheath tumor ; pediatric nerve tumor ; von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an uncommon sarcoma in the pediatric population; however, its presence should be considered in a child with an enlarging or painful soft-tissue mass. Diagnosis of this neoplasm depends on either the demonstration of its origin within a peripheral nerve or the association with a contiguous neurofibroma. We have identified 16 cases of MPNST involving children 16 years of age or less, which represent 12.8% of the total cases seen at the Mayo Clinic. Most of the lesions arose in children with von Recklinghausen's disease and were associated with a contiguous neurofibromatous component. The mean survival of patients who were known to have died of tumor was only 1.8 years. This sarcoma requires prompt aggressive therapy utilizing wide surgical excision. Because of the association of MPNST with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis, a careful workup and family history should be obtained for the potential prognostic value and for the purpose of genetic counseling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253276
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supratentorial gliomas: a comparative study by grade and histologic type (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 31 (1997), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: pilocytic astrocytoma ; diffuse fibrillary astrocytoma ; oligodendroglioma ; mixed oligo-astrocytoma ; grading system ; outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To try and identify biologic differences based on tumor grade and histologic type between the major classes of glial tumors, including low-grade diffuse fibrillary andpilocytic astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligo-astrocytomas, andhigh-grade diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligo-astrocytomas.Methods: Utilizing the St. Anne-Mayo (SAM) grading system, the incidence, patient characteristics, and survivals of 196 patientswith low-grade (SAM grade 1 + 2) and 318 patients with high-grade(SAM 3 + 4) supratentorial tumors were compared.Results: Among low-grade tumors, most favorable were 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with pilocytic astrocytomas,which were 85% and 79%, respectively. Median survivaland 5- and 10-year survival rates for the other low-grade tumors were lower, and were proportionately improved by the presenceof an oligodendroglial component: diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas — 4.7 years, 46%, and 17%; oligodendroglioma — 9.8 years, 73%, and 49%; and mixed oligo-astrocytoma — 7.1 years, 63%, and 33%, respectively. For high-grade tumors, patients with either oligodendrogliomas or mixed oligo-astrocytomas had comparablefavorable survivals in comparison to diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas.Median survivals and 5- and 10-year survival rates were 4.5 years, 45%, and 15% for the oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligo-astrocytomas versus 0.8 years, 3%, and 0% forthe diffuse fibrillary astrocytomas, respectively.Conclusion: These survival data suggest that both low-grade and high-grade supratentorial gliomas have outcomes which are highly dependent upon histologic type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005715703598
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II study of amonafide in patients with recurrent glioma (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 23 (1995), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: brain neoplasm ; amonafide ; chemotherapy ; glioma ; astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amonafide, a novel imide derivative with broad preclinical antitumor activity, achieves significant cerebrospinal fluid levels in animal models. In order to test its antitumor activity in patients with recurrent diffuse infiltrative glioma of the astrocytic and oligodendroglial type, we performed a phase II clinical trial. Of the 22 eligible and evaluable patients treated, 2 (9%) experienced tumor regression lasting more than one year. No other patients experienced tumor regression; one remained stable more than six months. Toxicities consisted primarily of myelosuppression, vomiting, and venous irritation at the infusion site. We conclude that amonafide has minimal activity in recurrent glioma patients. Further investigations are not warranted in this study population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058464
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II study of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in recurrent primary brain tumor (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 30 (1996), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: recurrent glioma ; 5-fluorouracil ; leucovorin ; radiation therapy ; astrocytoma ; oligodendroglioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty patients with recurrent primary brain tumors were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. There were three responses seen. Toxicity consisted of stomatitis, diarrhea, and hematological suppression. 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin would appear to be minimally effective in recurrent brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177275
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