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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultanimpfung gegen Pocken bei überalterten Erstimpflingen (1965)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 705-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In order to test the viremia induced by vaccination with vaccinia virus citrated blood was homogenized by ultrasonic vibration, centrifugated by 200,000 × g, the sediment suspended in a small volume and inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. In 51 primary vaccinated children (3–28 months old) we could find the viremia 20 times, in 128 persons (2–20 years old), who were vaccinated simultaneously with a bovine antivaccinia-immunoglobulin, only 2 times.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe einer Anreicherungsmethode und nachfolgender Verimpfung auf die Chlorioallantoismembran des bebrüteten Hühnereies wurde die Virämie bei 51 normalen Pockenschutz-Erstimpflingen 20mal erfaßt, bei 128 überalterten Erstimpflingen, die unter dem Schutz eines Antivaccine-Immunglobulins vom Rind simultan geimpft wurden, nur 2mal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01707064
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Marboran, Antivaccine-Hyperimmun-Serum und Vorimpfung mit Vaccineantigen auf die intracutane Pockenimpfung beim Kaninchen (1966)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 1199-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of Marboran (Isatin-β-Thiosemicarbazon) on the intracutaneous smallpox vaccination in rabbits was investigated and compared with the results obtained with active-passiv immunization (vaccination with active virus and simultaneous application of antivaccinia hyperimmunserum) and prevaccination with vaccinia antigen (formalin inactivated vaccinia virus). Viremia and antibody production were suppressed by active-passiv immunization more than by prevaccination with vaccinia antigen. Marboran was only effective if the substance was applicated intracutaneously at the place of vaccination.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Marboran auf die intracutane Pockenschutzimpfung beim Kaninchen wurde untersucht und mit der Simultanimpfung sowie der Vorimpfung mit Vaccineantigen verglichen. Virämie und postvaccinaler Antikörperspiegel wurden durch vorwiegend oral gegebenes Marboran kaum, sehr deutlich durch die Vorimmunisierung mit Vaccineantigen und am nachdrücklichsten durch die Simultanimpfung beeinflußt. Eine Anwendung des Präparates zur Prophylaxe postvaccinaler Komplikationen kann demnach nicht empfohlen werden. Eine deutliche Wirkung des Marborans bei intracutaner Impfung zeigte sich nur dann, wenn die Substanz unmittelbar an der Impfstelle in die Haut vorinjiziert wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742100
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural history of HIV-infection in hemophiliacs: Clinical, immunological, and virological findings (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 1033-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Hemophiliacs ; Natural history ; Virus isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At our institution 686 hemophiliacs are being treated. Of them 402 (59%) are anti-HIV-seropositive. The general use of heat-treated clotting factor products was begun in July 1983, and from May 1984 all patients exclusively used heat-treated clotting factors. Thus, one can assume that infection occurred no later than early 1984 in our patients. Since December 1985 HIV-positive hemophiliacs have regularly been clinically and immunologically examined. Most of the 306 patients who could be investigated were clinically symptom-free at the time of their first visit. However, 45 patients have developed AIDS from 1982 through August 1988. The mean survival time of hemophiliacs with AIDS is less than 6 months. In 36% of those 274 patients who have been followed for a mean period of 14 months the clinical stage of the disease worsened by at least one stage according to the classification system proposed by the Centers for Disease Control. We did not find a correlation between clotting-factor consumption during the years 1984–1986 and the actual clinical stage of the patients. Virus isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBIs) answered the question whether anti-HIV seropositive hemophiliacs are not only immunized but really infected in many more cases than those revealed by detection of p24 antigen or decline of p24 antibody. Positive viral culture correlated strongly with a drop in CD4+ lymphocytes under the level of 400/µl. However, HIV could not be cultured regularly in advanced cases, suggesting that virus replication in PBLs is not necessarely the cause of depletion of T-helper cells. There is no evidence that the natural history of HIV infection in hemophiliacs is different from that in other HIV-infected patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation ofHerpes Simplex virus serotypes 1 and 2 by DNA-DNA-hybridization (1975)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 161 (1975), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02122716
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in mice (1986)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 175 (1986), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments in the mouse model of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection involving the intact genital mucous membranes as inoculation site yielded the following results. In untreated mice the extent of latency was correlated with the degree of peripheral virus replication. This correlation could not be observed when the course of infection was interrupted by chemotherapy, interferon, or passive immunization. Acyclovir had little effect on peripheral virus multiplication, but markedly reduced latent ganglionic infection. As acute ganglionic infection and virus concentration in the spinal nerves were already reduced, acyclovir is assumed to inhibit either virus penetration into the nerve endings or virus replication in the ganglia. Interferon apparently has an active role in the elimination of virus infected cells from the ganglia, as its effect was restricted to a reduced rate of latency and of lethality. Passive immunization with antiserum led to similar results as ACV-treatment. While lacking a pronounced effect on virus replication in the mucous membranes, specific antibody was found to influence both virus elimination from the ganglia, and conversion from productive to latent ganglionic infection. Immune lymphocytes proved to be the only agent capable of suppressing peripheral infection, thereby inhibiting the neural spread of the virus. These results suggest that the decrease in latency may result from modulations occurring at different stages in the course of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02126049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological mechanisms giving rise to latency of herpes simplex virus in the spinal ganglia of the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 177 (1987), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the model of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infection of mice, early latency could be induced by passive immunization with HSV-specific antibodies and, to a lesser degree, by adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes prepared from spleen and draining lymph nodes of genitally infected syngeneic mice. Conversely, spontaneously occurring latency was inhibited by treatment of the animals with cyclophosphamide (Cph) and, to a lesser degree, with cyclosporin A (CyA). Whereas the effect of CyA could be compensated by passively administered HSV-specific antibodies, that of Cph could not. Apparently specific antibodies cooperate with a non-specific proliferating cell type, probably macrophages and/or NK-cells, as could be demonstrated by significantly reduced antibody effect in silica-treated mice. Moreover, F(ab)2 fragments, in contrast to complete antibody molecules, were inactive. HSV-specific antibodies and also immune lymphocytes had little effect on virus production in the mucous membranes, immune lymphocytes being at least as active as antibodies. It is therefore not probable that latency is induced by attenuation of the peripheral disease. It can rather be concluded that the neuron itself is the target for the action of specific antibodies, cooperating in turn with macrophages and/or NK cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graded cytopathogenicity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the course of HIV infection (1990)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 179 (1990), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether the biological variability of HIV-1 has any clinical significance, the highly variable cytopathogenicity of 153 HIV-1 strains, isolated from 119 hemophiliacs, was related to the number of CD4+ lymphocytes present in the patient's blood at the time of virus isolation. It was shown that the cytopathogenicity of the HIV-1 isolates was inversely correlated with the number of CD4+ lymphocytes. The highest CD4+ cell numbers were observed in 34 latently infected patients characterized by HIV seropositivity, failure of virus isolation, and detection of viral DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Cytopathogenicity of the HIV-1 isolates was a reliable prognostic marker and correlated well with other lesssensitive prognostic parameters, including the detection of infectious virus and p24 antigen in the plasma, and the decline of p24 antibody in the serum. The results suggest that the viral isolates — if not subjected to extensive passage — represent in vivo variants selected from a heterogeneous viral population according to the particular immunological conditions of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195250
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Typing of Herpes simplex virus strains by analysis of the early proteins (1982)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 170 (1982), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cells treated with the arginine analogue canavanine, early (α−) viral proteins accumulate and show a typical pattern in the acrylamide gel. This paper investigates the possibility of using this pattern for typing of HSV strains. Twenty strains were analyzed by this method and results were compared with typing by neutralization test. For 18 strains both methods agreed. Two strains regarded as intermediary strains by neutralization test could be clearly typed by the analysis of the early proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of genetic resistance againstHerpes simplex virus in vaginally infected mice (1982)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 171 (1982), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to take the conditions of naturalHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection into consideration, the genetic resistance of C57-B1 mice, which was established by intraperitoneal HSV-1 infection [Lopez, 1975], was investigated in vaginally infected mice. The course of infection in the mucous membranes did not differ in sensitive (NMRI) and resistant (C57-B1) mice: both number of takes and virus elimination from the vagina were equal, and no difference in viral titer produced in the vagina was detected. Viral titer in the productively infected lumbosacral ganglia, however, was less in the resistant mice. An experiment with foot-pad-infected mice confirmed that the number of productively infected ganglia was reduced in resistant mice, and contralateral ganglia were infected only in the sensitive mouse strain. In spite of this, the number of latently infected animals did not vary significantly in the mouse strains. Higher activity of defense mechanisms in resistant mice, apparently localized in the ganglia, resulted in reduced lethality. As to the mechanisms of the resistance, neither antibody nor interferon response were enhanced in C57-B1 mice, but resistance was abolished by depletion of several cellular functions, i.e., lymphocytes by cyclophophamide or X-rays, macrophages by silica or macrophage-antiserum, and M-cells by89Sr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123624
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male-to-female transmission of HIV in a cohort of hemophiliacs — Frequency, risk factors and effect of sexual counseling (1995)
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz der Übertragung der HIV-Infektion von Männern auf Frauen wurde in einer Population von 198 weiblichen Sexualpartnern von seit 1984 HIV-positiv getesteten Hämophilen untersucht. Die Nachbeobachtungsdauer erstreckte sich über die Jahre 1987–1992. Die Infektion wurde in 20 Fällen (10%) übertragen. Die Analyse von Risikofaktoren für die Übertragung von HIV wurde untersucht durch den Vergleich einer Untergruppe von 57 Hämophilen und seronegativen Partnern mit 8 Überträgern. Die Überträger zeigten zu Beginn als auch am Ende der Beobachtungszeit eine fortgeschrittenere Immundepletion. Darüber hinaus wiesen Überträger am Ende der Studie auch häufiger eine symptomatische Erkrankung auf (75% versus 29% CDC IV; p〈0,01). Darüber hinaus war bei Überträgern 1991/92 häufiger eine positive Viruskultur nachweisbar (71% vs. 42%). Allen Paaren wurde eine regelmäßige Sexualberatung angeboten. Nach 1987 wurden keine neuen Serokonversionen beobachtet. Jedoch wurden zwei Serokonversionen bei Partnerinnen hämophiler HIV-infizierter außerhalb der ursprünglichen Population aufgedeckt. Beide Übertragungen erfolgten in einer Periode schweren klinischen und immunologischen Progresses. Unsere Studie zeigt, daß Sexualpartner von Hämophilen mit fortgeschrittener HIV-Infektion ein höheres Übertragungsrisiko aufweisen. Die Übertragungsfähigkeit von Männern auf Frauen ist auch bei langdauernden Sexualbeziehungen monogamer Paare, die safer sex praktizieren, gering. Das Wissen um das Vorliegen einer HIV-Infektion und Beratung über safer sex scheinen wirksam in der Verhütung von Neuinfektionen.
    Notes: Summary The incidence of male-to-female transmission of HIV infection was studied in a population of 198 sexual partners of hemophiliacs who tested HIV positive since 1984. The follow-up observation period was 1987–1992. Transmission occurred in 20 (10%) cases. The analysis of risk factors for transmission was performed in a subgroup of 57 hemophiliacs with seronegative sexual partners as compared to eight transmitters. Transmitters showed a significantly more advanced immune depletion at enrollment as well as at the end of the observation period. Furthermore, transmitters had a more advanced disease at the end of the study (75% vs. 29% CDC IV; p〈0.01). Also virus cultures were more frequently positive in the transmitters than in the non-transmitters (71% vs. 42%). Regular sexual counseling was offered to all couples. After 1987, no new seroconversions were detected. However, two seroconversions in female partners of hemophiliacs outside the initial study population were observed. Both transmissions occurred during a period of severe clinical and immunological deterioration. This study shows that sexual partners of HIV-infected hemophiliacs with more advanced disease are at higher risk of infection with HIV. The frequency of male-to-female transmission of HIV in long-term monogamous sexual relationships practicing safer sex is low. Overall, disease awareness and counseling for safer sex seem to be effective in reducing transmission rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01710054
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