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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Computed tomography (CT) ; spiral technology ; Carotid arteries ; CT ; Vertebral arteries ; CT ; Computed tomography (CT) ; image processing ; Computed tomography (CT) ; threedimensional visualization ; Computed tomography (CT) ; comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the whole vascular system of the carotid and vertebral arteries using spiral computed tomographic angiography (SCTA), that allows accurate, qualitative and quantitative evaluation, of anatomical abnormalities, including detection of additional lesions, and estimation of degree of stenosis. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with anatomical and pathological abnormalities of the arterial vascular system detected by color-coded duplex ultrasound were studied using intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) with aortic arch injection, and SCTA. The carotid and vertebral arteries were segmented using an interactive threshold interval density volume-growing method and visualized with a color-coded shaded-surface display (SSD) rendering method. The adjacent bone structures were visualized using a transparent volume rendering method. Results: In all cases, the entire volume of the vascular system of the carotid and vertebral arteries could be visualized on SCTA, and the anatomical and pathological abnormalities on 3D SCTA correlated well with that seen on IA-DSA. Conclusion: Results of 3D SCTA had a high degree of correlation with results of IA-DSA in the evaluation of the vascular system of the carotid and vertebral arteries. The 3D SCTA with a subsecond spiral CT scanner is useful for the visualization of anatomical and pathological abnormalities in the circulation in the carotid and vertebral arteries and offer a promising minimally invasive alternative compared with other diagnostic procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Temporal bone ; CT ; Ear ; middle ; Ear ; labyrinth ; Three-dimensional CT ; hybrid rendering ; Virtual endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Recent developments in 3D reconstructions can enhance the quality and diagnostic value of axial 2D image data sets with direct benefits for clinical practice. To show the possible advantages of a hybrid rendering method [color-coded 3D shaded-surface display (SSD)- and volume rendering method] with the possibility of virtual endoscopy we have specifically highlighted the use in relation to the middle and inner ear structures. We examined 12 patients with both normal findings and postoperative changes, using image data sets from high-resolution spiral computed tomography (HRSCT). The middle and inner ear was segmented using an interactive threshold interval density volume-growing method and visualized with a color-coded SSD rendering method. The temporal bone was visualized using a transparent volume rendering method. The 3D- and virtual reconstructions were compared with the axial 2D source images. The evaluated middle and inner ear structures could be seen in their complete form and correct topographical relationship, and the 3D- and virtual reconstructions indicated an improved representation and spatial orientation of these structures. A hybrid and virtual endoscopic method could add information and improve the value of imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with middle or inner ear diseases making the understanding and interpretation of axial 2D CT image data sets easier. The introduction of an improved rendering algorithm aids radiological diagnostics, medical education, surgical planning, surgical training, and postoperative assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words. Lung ; Lung nodule ; Lung neoplasms ; High-resolution CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze different characteristics on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) that help differentiate benign solitary pulmonary lesions (BSPLs) from malignant solitary pulmonary lesions (MSPLs). High-resolution computed tomography was performed on 104 consecutive patients with SPLs. The whole lesion was examined with a slice thickness of 1 mm and a 12-cm field of view. All lesions were surgically excised within 24 h of the CT examination. Satellite nodules, cavitations, and necrosis were found only in MSPLs. Useful characteristics for the differentiation of BSPLs from MSPLs were the presence of spicules (p 〈 0.00005), spicules extending to the visceral pleura (p 〈 0.0005), the vessel sign (p 〈 0.0005), pleural retraction (p 〈 0.001), circumscribed pleural thickening (p 〈 0.001), the bronchus sign (p 〈 0.005), the presence of ground-glass attenuation adjacent to the SPL (p 〈 0.01), the density of the lesion (p 〈 0.05), and the length of spicules (p 〈 0.05). Using the significant characteristics p 〈 0.01 for the identification of MSPLs, a sensitivity of 91.4 % and a specificity of 56.5 % (accuracy of 83.7 %) was found. A precise morphological assessment of the periphery of the pulmonary lesion is necessary. The HRCT technique is useful in differentiation of BSPLs from MSPLs. However, metastases strongly resembled benign lesions in terms of size and edge type, and chronic inflammatory pseudotumors as a group mimic MSPLs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lungenrundherde ; Lungentumore ; Hochauflösende Computertomographie (HRCT) ; Key words Lung nodule ; Lung neoplasms ; High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was not to describe individual morphological findings in benign and malignant solitary intrapulmonary nodules; it was instead to examine in a critical manner the indications for differentiation found in the literature in order to facilitate safe differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules. Patients and methods: A total of 64 solitary pulmonary nodules were examined with high-resolution computed tomography and correlated with histological findings. Only lesions that had been removed by surgery were used. No lesion was excluded on the grounds of size. Results: Useful characteristics for the differentiation of benign from malignant pulmonary nodules were: diameter and density of the lesion, air inclusion, unsharp and dystelectatic margin, the presence of spicules, length of spicules, spicules extending to the visceral pleura, pleural tail sign and cirumscribed pleural thickening. Conclusion: For the differentiation of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules meticulous assessment of the margin of the nodule is necessary. Using the criteria mentioned, a sensitivity of 85 % and a specifity of 78 % can be achieved for the identification of malignant pulmonary nodules. Since it was not possible to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules with certainty using imaging methods, the chance of patient survival could only be promoted by early surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel der vorliegenden prospektiven Studie war es nicht, einzelne morphologische Befunde bei benignen und malignen solitären intrapulmonalen Rundherden zu beschreiben, sondern die in der Literatur beschriebenen Zeichen zur Differenzierung kritisch zu überprüfen, um sichere differentialdiagnostische Aussagen bezüglich der Dignität zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurden insgesamt 64 solitäre Lungenrundherde mit der hochauflösenden Computertomographie untersucht und postoperativ histopathologisch aufgearbeitet. Nur operativ entfernte Lungenrundherde wurden berücksichtigt. Keine Läsion wurde aufgrund ihrer Größe ausgeschlossen. Als Kriterien zur Unterscheidung zwischen benignen und malignen Lungenrundherden mit einem Signifikanzniveau stellten sich dar: der Gesamtdurchmesser und die Dichte der Läsion, Lufteinschlüsse im Rundherd, Unschärfe und dystelektatische Veränderungen im Randbereich, das Vorhandensein von Spikulae, aber auch die Spikulaelänge selbst, zur Pleura visceralis reichende Spikulae, die Pleuraeinziehung und die umschriebene Pleuraverdickung. Bei der Differenzierung von benignen und malignen Lungenrundherden sollte vor allem auf den Randbereich der Läsion geachtet werden. Hieraus ergibt sich bezüglich der Identifizierung von malignen solitären intrapulmonalen Rundherden eine Sensitivität von 85 % und eine Spezifität von 78 %, so daß eine Differenzierung in der Mehrzahl der Fälle möglich ist. Solange jedoch mit bildgebenden Verfahren eine nicht nahezu vollständige Sicherheit der Abgrenzung erreicht werden kann, können die Überlebenschancen von Patienten ausschließlich durch eine frühzeitige Operation gewahrt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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