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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Temporal bone ; CT ; Ear ; middle ; Ear ; labyrinth ; Three-dimensional CT ; hybrid rendering ; Virtual endoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Recent developments in 3D reconstructions can enhance the quality and diagnostic value of axial 2D image data sets with direct benefits for clinical practice. To show the possible advantages of a hybrid rendering method [color-coded 3D shaded-surface display (SSD)- and volume rendering method] with the possibility of virtual endoscopy we have specifically highlighted the use in relation to the middle and inner ear structures. We examined 12 patients with both normal findings and postoperative changes, using image data sets from high-resolution spiral computed tomography (HRSCT). The middle and inner ear was segmented using an interactive threshold interval density volume-growing method and visualized with a color-coded SSD rendering method. The temporal bone was visualized using a transparent volume rendering method. The 3D- and virtual reconstructions were compared with the axial 2D source images. The evaluated middle and inner ear structures could be seen in their complete form and correct topographical relationship, and the 3D- and virtual reconstructions indicated an improved representation and spatial orientation of these structures. A hybrid and virtual endoscopic method could add information and improve the value of imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with middle or inner ear diseases making the understanding and interpretation of axial 2D CT image data sets easier. The introduction of an improved rendering algorithm aids radiological diagnostics, medical education, surgical planning, surgical training, and postoperative assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Doxorubicin ; Multidrug resistance ; P-170 glycoprotein ; Rhodamine 123 ; R-verapamil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A doxorubicin-resistant human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112/D21 was established by continuous exposure of the parental line RT112 to increasing concentrations of doxorubicin over a period of 9 months. RT112/D21 cells expressed significantly more P-170 glycoprotein than the parental line, and rhodamine 123 efflux, as a functional parameter of P-170 glycoprotein activity, was increased. RT112/D21 cells were 96 times more resistant to doxorubicin than RT112 cells, and crossresistance to epirubicin and vinblastine was present. Sensitivity to methotrexate and mitomycin C remained unchanged. R-verapamil reversed resistance to doxorubicin, epirubicin and vinblastine in RT112/D21 cells but did not affect sensitivity to methotrexate and mitomycin C. In RT112 cells, R-verapamil had no effect on drug sensitivity. Thus, it may be assumed that primary or induced MDR1 gene-encoded P-170 glycoprotein expression is a relevant mechanism of chemoresistance in transitional cell carcinoma, and that chemotherapeutic strategies in combination with chemosensitizers improve response rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 604-612 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy ; Retroperitoneoscopy ; Nephrectomy ; Complications ; Reintervention ; Conversion. ; Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopie ; Retroperitoneoskopie ; Nephrektomie ; Komplikationen ; Reintervention ; Konversion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der retroperitoneale Zugang findet breite Anwendung bei offenen Operationen in der Urologie. Mit Einführung der Ballondissektionstechnik konnte dieser anatomische Zugang auch für laparoskopische Operationen genutzt werden. Material und Methode: Zwischen 12/1992 und 10/1997 wurden 200 retroperitoneale Operationen an 197 Patienten (Alter 4–82 Jahre) durchgeführt: 78 Nephrektomien, 50 Nierencystenresektionen, 14 Nephropexien, 11 Ureterolysen, 8 retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomien, 8 Nierenbiopsien, 6 Adrenalektomien, 6 Heminephrektomien, 6 Pyeloplastiken, 5 Ureterolithotomien, 6 Ureterocutaneostomien sowie 2 andere. 38 Patienten (19 %) waren bereits abdominell , 22 (11 %) an Niere und Ureter voroperiert. Die Präparation des Retroperitonealraums erfolgte in 14 Fällen mit Hilfe eines Ballonkatheters, in 93 Fällen mittels eines Ballontrokarsystems, während in den letzten 93 Fällen eine Präparation des Retroperitoneums mit dem Zeigefinger sich als ausreichend erwies. Ergebnisse: Die Eingriffe wurden wie folgt klassifiziert: 76 einfache Operationen (z. B. Nierenbiopsie, Nierencystenresektion, Ureterocutaneostomie), 102 schwierige (z. B. Adrenalektomie, Nephrektomie, Nephropexie) und 22 sehr schwierige Eingriffe (z. B. Pyeloplastik, Heminephrektomie, Lymphadenektomie). Während der ersten 50 Fälle zeigte sich eine signifikante Lernkurve, welche sich in einer höheren Operationszeit und Komplikations- sowie Konversionsrate widerspiegelte. Abhängig vom Schwierigkeitsgrad des Eingriffs betrugen die mittlere Operationszeiten 45–100 min bei leichten Eingriffen, 95–185 min bei schwierigen und 185–240 min bei sehr schwierigen Operationen. In den letzten 50 Fällen war die Komplikations-, Konversions- sowie Reinterventionsrate mit offenen Eingriffen vergleichbar (2, 4 und 2 %). Schlußfolgerung: Nach mehr als 200 retroperitoneoskopischen Eingriffen wurde die Zugangstechnik bedeutend vereinfacht, so daß das Verfahren heute standardisiert, sicher und reproduzierbar ist.
    Notes: Summary. A retroperitoneal access is most commonly applied for open procedures in urology. With introduction of the balloon dissecting technique, this anatomical route could also be used for laparoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: From 12/1992 to 10/1997, a total of 200 retroperitoneoscopic procedures have been performed in 197 patients (age 4–82 years): 78 nephrectomies, 50 renal cyst resections, 14 nephropexies, 11 ureterolyses, 8 retroperitoneal lymph-node dissections, 8 renal biopsies, 6 adrenalectomies, 6 heminephrectomies, 6 pyeloplasties, 5 ureterolithotomies, 6 ureterocutaneostomies and 2 others. Thirty-eight patients (19 %) had undergone previous abdominal surgery; 22 (11 %) had had kidney and ureter operations. Dissection of the retroperitoneal space was done with a balloon catheter in 14 or a balloon trocar system in 93 cases, and in the last 93 patients digital dissection with the index finger proved to be sufficient. Results: We classified 76 as simple (i. e., renal biopsy, renal cyst resections, ureterocutaneostomy) and 102 as difficult (i.e. adrenalectomy, nephrectomy, nephropexy) and 22 (11 %) as very difficult operations (i. e., pyeloplasty, heminephrectomy, lymphadenectomy). There has been a significant learning curve during the first 50 cases as reflected by increased operating time and complications and the conversion rate to open surgery. After that, the OR times mainly depended on the difficulty of the procedure, averaging 45–100 min for an easy retroperitoneoscopy, 95–185 min for a difficult and 185–240 min for a very difficult operation. In the last 50 cases, the complications, conversion and reintervention rate have become comparable to open surgery (2, 4 and 2 %). Conclusions: After more than 200 cases of retroperitoneoscopy, the access technique has been significantly simplified. The procedure is standardized, safe and reproducible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 76-80 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychiatrie ; Psychotherapie ; Internet ; Telemedizin ; Cybertherapie ; Key words Psychiatry ; Psychotherapy ; Internet ; Telemedicine ; Cybertherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The Internet is a fast growing medium, which is about to alter our all day life. Most impact is given to advantages of telemedicine to psychiatrists and psychotherapists as well as patients. After introduction of the essential features of the Internet practical aspects of medicine in Cyberspace for psychotherapists, psychiatrists and their patients are shown. Then, the general prohibition of advertisement for physicians is discussed on the bases of actual laws related to Internet activities. Relevant resources of medical information are shown with regard to the detailed facilities of using searchengines. Highlighting opportunities and possible resources of medicine in cyberspace, it is made clear, that the rising interest in telemedicine on Internet is more than justified. Finally, some risks of virtual communication are visible. Important and mentioned Web-sites are listed at the end.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Internet ist im Begriff, zahlreiche Bereiche des zwischenmenschlichen Lebens zu verändern. Im Vordergrund der Betrachtung stehen Aspekte des Internet, die im Rahmen der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie von aktueller Bedeutung sind. Nach der Einführung in das Wesen der Therapie im Internet werden praktische Aspekte der Medizin im virtuellen Raum für Psychotherapeuten und Psychiater sowie Patienten konkret aufgezeigt. Das Werbeverbot für Ärzte und die gesetzlichen Regelungen zur Selbstdarstellung im World Wide Web werden erörtert. Medizinische Informationsquellen werden aufgezeigt und die Möglichkeit zur detaillierten Suche im Internet erläutert. Schließlich werden einige der Risiken dieser Art der zwischenmenschlichen Kommunikation im Bereich der psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen Anwendungen anschaulich. Der Anhang gliedert tabellarisch erwähnte und wichtige Internet-Adressen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 36 (1997), S. 420-425 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Stress uninary incontinence • Needle suspension • Bone anchor ; Schlüsselwörter Streßinkontinenz • Nadelsuspension • Knochenanker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird über technische Handhabung und klinische Ergebnisse der ossären Schraubenfixation in Kombination mit einer Blasenhalsnadelsuspensionsplastik berichtet. Die Ankerschraube stellt nach unseren Erfahrungen eine stabile und zuverlässige Aufhängung dar, die mit minimalem Operationstrauma in das Tuberculum pubicum eingebracht werden kann. Als problematisch hat sich ausschließlich die daran fixierte minimal invasive Blasenhalssuspension erwiesen. Trotz einer breiten, allschichtigen Fixation der Naht im Bereich zwischen Blasenhalswinkel und mittlerer Urethra trat nach einem Jahr in bis zu 76 % ein Rezidiv auf. Ursächlich dafür ist in erster Linie ein Durchwandern der Suspensionsnaht, da die zusätzliche Haltefunktion durch Vernarbung des Paravesikalraums wie nach offener Korrektur ausbleibt. Modifikationen der Suspension in dieser Hinsicht (4-Punkt-Aufhängung, simultane laparoskopische oder digitale Entwicklung des Spatium retzii, evtl. Kombination mit Schlingentechnik) ergaben deutlich bessere Ergebnisse. Wir gehen davon aus, daß nach Optimierung der Suspensionstechnik die ossäre Schraubenfixation eine valide Option zur Verankerung bietet.
    Notes: Summary We investigated the technical feasibility and clinical results of bone fixation techniques in combination with needle suspension for correction of female stress urinary incontinence. In our experience the screw-like bone anchor, which is drilled into the pubic tubercle, represents a minimally invasive but very stable and reliable technique. However, the needle suspension fixed to the bone anchor turned out to be critical. Even though the suspension was fixed in the paraurethral tissue with a deep Z-stitch between the bladder neck and the midurethra, the 1-year recurrence rate was 76 %. Our data showed that the suspension sutures pull through the paraurethral tissue because there is no paravesical scar formation as in open procedures. Modifications of the suspension technique (four-point suspension, simultaneous laparoscopic or digital dissection of the paravesical space, combination with sling procedures) revealed significantly improved short-term results. Therefore we conclude that after improvement of the suspension technique the bone anchor will represent a valid option for minimally invasive fixation of a bladder neck suspension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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