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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro-Scratch Analysis on Adhesion between Thin Films and PES Substrate (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 26-28 (Oct. 2007), p. 1153-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In flexible display, reliability of the thin film/polymer interface is an important issuebecause adhesion strength dissimilar materials is often inherently poor, and residual stresses arisingfrom thermal mismatches or pressure exerted by vaporized moisture often lead to delaminations ofinterfaces. In the present study we deposited various thin films such as silicon nitride (SiNx),aluminum metal layer, and indium tin oxide on polyether sulphone (PES) substrate. The filmadhesion was determined by micro-scratch test. The adhesion strength, presented by the criticalload, Lc, when the film starts to delaminate, was determined as a function of plasma pretreated onPES substrate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.26-28.1153.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Process Parameters on Material Removal Ratein Chemical Mechanical Polishing of 6H-SiC(0001) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 600-603 (Sept. 2008), p. 831-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: 2inch 6H-SiC (0001) wafers were sliced from the ingot grown by a conventional physicalvapor transport (PVT) method using an abrasive multi-wire saw. While sliced SiC wafers lapped by aslurry with 1~9㎛ diamond particles had a mean height (Ra) value of 40nm, wafers after the finalmechanical polishing using the slurry of 0.1㎛ diamond particles exhibited Ra of 4Å. In this study,we focused on investigation into the effect of the slurry type of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)on the material removal rate of SiC materials and the change in surface roughness by adding abrasivesand oxidizer to conventional KOH-based colloidal silica slurry. The nano-sized diamond slurry(average grain size of 25nm) added in KOH-based colloidal silica slurry resulted in a materialremoval rate (MRR) of 0.07mg/hr and the Ra of 1.811Å. The addition of oxidizer (NaOCl) in thenano-size diamond and KOH based colloidal silica slurry was proven to improve the CMPcharacteristics for SiC wafer, having a MRR of 0.3mg/hr and Ra of 1.087Å
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.600-603.831.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of calcium-inducible genes in primary keratinocytes using suppression-subtractive hybridization (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Terminal differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes involves major biochemical changes including the expression of many new differentiation-specific genes. To further understand this process, we performed suppression-subtractive hybridization of keratinocytes cultured under high-calcium condition, known to induce differentiation in vitro. We randomly isolated 300 clones representing 90 different genes. By reverse Northern blot analyses, 20 different genes were found to be overexpressed, of which 13 were confirmed as differentially expressed genes during keratinocyte differentiation by Northern blot analysis. Of those, five genes, transglutaminase 1, keratin 6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, kallikrein 7, and heat shock protein 27, are known to be up-regulated during epidermal differentiation. Six genes, ferritin-L chain, ribosomal protein S6, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, neuroendocrine secretory protein 55, phosphoserine aminotransferase, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, heretofore were not known to be up-regulated during keratinocyte differentiation. We also identified two novel genes. One of these maps to chromosome 1q21 of the epidermal differentiation complex, and its expression level was strongly increased in differentiating keratinocytes. These differentially expressed genes may provide significant opportunities for further understanding of the epidermal keratinocyte differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.0144.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Ets-binding sequence of human transglutaminase 3 gene promoter (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  The Ets- and Sp1-transcription factors have been implicated in the epithelial specific expression of transglutaminase 3 gene (TGM3) in vitro. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), the core motif of Ets-binding sequence of TGM3 was determined as ACAGGAAT (−118 to −111 bp from transcriptional start site). However, a sequence extending from −120 to +10 of TGM3 proximal promoter region failed to induce the expression of CAT reporter in transfected normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). In contrast, a construct extending from −126 to +10 bp showed the highest expression of CAT gene, indicating the presence of an important element(s) between −126 and −120 bp that affects TGM3 expression in NHEKs. To find the critical sequences in this promoter region, we performed EMSA analysis with competitor oligonucleotides, in which the upstream nucleotides of Ets core motif were mutated. The results showed that the mutation of A at −125 dramatically reduced the binding of Ets to its recognition sequence. Transient transfection assay revealed that the mutation in this nucleotide greatly diminished the expression of CAT reporter gene in NHEKs. Together, these results suggest that the upstream sequence of Ets core motif is critical for the expression of TGM3 in NHEKs cultured in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00188.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zn2+-induced ERK activation mediated by reactive oxygen species causes cell death in differentiated PC12 cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 78 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent studies have provided evidence that Zn2+ plays a crucial role in ischemia- and seizure-induced neuronal death. However, the intracellular signaling pathways involved in Zn2+-induced cell death are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Zn2+-induced cell death using differentiated PC12 cells. Intracellular accumulation of Zn2+ induced by the combined application of pyrithione (5 µm), a Zn2+ ionophore, and Zn2+ (10 µm) caused cell death and activated JNK and ERK, but not p38 MAPK. Preventing JNK activation by the expression of dominant negative SEK1 (SEKAL) did not attenuate Zn2+-induced cell death, whereas the inhibition of ERK with PD98059 and the expression of dominant negative Ras mutant (RasN17) significantly prevented cell death. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase had little effect on Zn2+-induced ERK activation. Intracellular Zn2+ accumulation resulted in the generation of ROS, and antioxidants prevented both the ERK activation and the cell death induced by Zn2+. Therefore, we conclude that although Zn2+ activates JNK and ERK, only ERK contributes to Zn2+-induced cell death, and that ERK activation is mediated by ROS via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00438.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological changes according to the severity of asthma (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background There have been many studies concerning pathological changes in bronchial mucosa from asthmatics; however, few studies has been carried out to evaluate pathological changes according to the severity of asthma.Objective This study was designed to evaluate the cellular components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histologicai abnormalities in asthmatics according to the severity ot asthma.Methods Bronchoalveolar lavages, bronchoscopic biopsies and ultrastructural examinations were performed in 13 asthmatics and 11 (BAL) or four (biopsies) non-asthmatic controls. The proportions of epithelial cells and eosinophils in BALF were significantly increased in asthmatics and showed significant correlations with PC20Meth which reflects bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Light microscopic examination revealed loss of epithelium, inllammatory cell infiltrations and thickening of the basement membrane which also showed significant correlation with PC20Meth. Hypertrophy of airway smooth muscles and hyperplasia of mucous glands were prominent in asthmatics but there was no difference according to the severity of asthma. Ultra-structural examination revealed that basement membrane thickening on light microscopic examination is due to the increased subepithelial collagen deposition with normal thickeness of basal lamina.Conclusion These data suggest that loss of epithelial cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and increased deposition of subepithelial collagen play major roles in determining the severity of asthma and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00510.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain relaxation of InGaAs/GaAs superlattices by wet oxidation of underlying AlAs layer (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1466-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of AlAs wet oxidation on overlayers were investigated using InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattice structures grown on an AlAs layer. The superlattice partially relaxes towards its equilibrium spacing as the result of the oxidation of the underlying AlAs layer. Double-crystal x-ray diffraction measurements were used to determine the degree of strain relaxation. Larger relaxation is observed for the sample with a higher indium composition and a thicker AlAs layer. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120594
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of genes responding to ultraviolet B irradiation of HaCaT keratinocytes using a cDNA microarray (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation causes many important biological changes in skin, which lead to pathophysiological alterations of the homeostatic environment.Objectives  To gain more insight into the molecular events provoked by UVB irradiation, we performed cDNA microarray analysis.Methods  Immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with a high cytotoxic dose of UVB (50 mJ cm−2), and total RNA was isolated. Fluorescently labelled probes were prepared by reverse transcription and were hybridized with cDNA microarray slides made using 840 cDNA clones.Results  Time-course cDNA microarray analysis revealed the global gene expression profile after UVB exposure. Of 840 genes tested, 192 genes showed changes in their expression levels at one or more of four time points. The genes were clustered into four groups according to their expression patterns in a self-organizing maps analysis. Classification of these genes into nine functional categories revealed that UVB irradiation affected several biological processes. The genes that were first upregulated and then returned to normal levels included several genes related to the inhibition of cell growth and the proteasome pathway. Conversely, the expressions of many genes involved in the cytoskeleton, signal transduction, metabolism and transcription were first downregulated or unchanged and then upregulated later, reflecting the recovery of UVB-damaged cellular activities.Conclusions  These results demonstrate the complexity of the transcriptional profile of the UVB response, and provide a basis for the global characterization of UV-regulated gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06412.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductivity Switching Behaviors in ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and YSZ Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Depositions (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 306-308 (Mar. 2006), p. 1301-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polycrystalline ZrO2 and yttria-stablilized ZrO2 thin films have been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition methods. Pt/ZrO2/Pt and Pt/YSZ/Pt capacitor structures show giant conductivity switching behaviors which can be utilized for nonvolatile memory devices. Maximum on/off ratio of 106 and good endurance even after 105 times conductivity switching are observed in a typical Pt/ZrO2/Pt whose ZrO2 film has been deposited at 100 °C and an oxygenpressure of 50 mTorr. The Pt/ZrO2/Pt structure exhibits two ohmic behaviors in the low voltage region (V 〈 1.4 V) depending on the value of previously applied high voltage and Schottky-type conduction in the high voltage region (1.4 V 〈 V 〈 8.9 V). It seems that conductivity switching behaviors in our Pt/ZrO2/Pt structure result from the changes in both the Schottky barrier and the bulk conductivity controlled by applied voltages. A Pt/YSZ/Pt capacitor structure has more stable resetvoltage and current state than a Pt/ZrO2/Pt capacitor structure. Moreover, a Pt/YSZ/Pt capacitor structure shows higher Conductivity than a Pt/ZrO2/Pt capacitor structure, which may result from substitution of Y3+ ions for Zr4+ ions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.306-308.1301.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thymic epithelial tumour progression in an SV40T transgenic mouse model (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 33-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words SV40T ; Thymoma ; Thymic carcinoma ; Thymus ; Transgenic mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  There have been several reports that thymoma in human is a progressive disease, and that thymoma and thymic carcinoma form a continuum. We established a stable line of SV40T transgenic mice, which consistently produced thymic epithelial tumours progressing to thymic carcinoma within a predictable time span. Using this animal model and a morphological approach, thymic epithelial tumour progression was studied with reference to sequential changes at different time points in animals aged from 3 to 32 weeks. At all ages, SV40T was expressed in the nuclei of thymic epithelial cells; in these transgenic mice we observed the entire spectrum from cortical type thymoma to thymic carcinoma. Thymic size tended to increase with ageing in SV40T TG mice. While younger mice had predominantly cortical (organoid) or cortical thymoma, older mice had well-differentiated thymic carcinoma (WDTC) or poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma. When SV40T TG mice (248 line) reached a certain age, carcinoma of the thymus was present in all of them. Cortical-type thymoma became malignant within a predictable time span, suggesting a cortical thymoma–carcinoma sequence. When the mice were 9 weeks of age, the thymuses formed gross masses compatible with cortical thymoma. At 14 weeks of age, WDTC appeared against the background of cortical thymoma. Poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma was found after 15 weeks and affected all animals over 23 weeks of age. Most thymic carcinomas coexisted in varying proportions with cortical-type thymoma. Medullary thymomas did not develop in the mice, and no transition from medullary-type thymomas to thymic carcinomas was observed. In this SV40T transgenic mouse model, thymic carcinoma is clearly preceded by cortical-type thymoma. These transgenic mice may provide an interesting model for the progression from cortical thymoma to WDTC and/or high-grade carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050131
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