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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spreading of focal brain edema induced by ultraviolet irradiation (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 42 (1978), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Irradiation edema ; Gravimetry ; Ultrastructure ; Vesicular transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Focal brain edema limited to one cerebral hemisphere was produced by ultraviolet irradiation of the exposed cortex. Tissue water content was determined by the gravimetric method which allows microsampling. Therefore, the spread of edema around the small necrotic area could be mapped more precisely than by determination of dry weight which calls for larger samples. As early as 30 min following irradiation, hyperemia and swelling of the brain are observed under the operating microscope. This correlates with venous stasis, hyperemia, and broadened perivascular spaces around venules and large capillaries accompanied by a marked rise in the specific weight of the tissue. After 4 h an edema front can be observed spreading from the perinecrotic zone in which there is a marked rise in endothelial cell vesicular activity. Edema reaches maximum levels in the deep white matter at 48 h post irradiation with normalisation of the tissue water content after 96 h. The velocity at which the edema front spreads from the cortex to the periventricular area lies in the range of 0.25 mm/h. Edema reabsorption coincides with signs of retrograde micropinocytosis in endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-eruptive varicella encephalitis: case report and review of the literature (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 814-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Varicella infection ; Neurology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Varicella-related neurological complications usually appear after the rash. Pre-eruptive neurological complications of primary varicella zoster virus infections have been rarely described. We report on a 5.5-year-old boy who developed encephalitis 4 days before the onset of a mild vesicular skin rash and 5 days after known exposure. Primary varicella zoster virus infection was confirmed serologically. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed temporary inflammatory oedema in the right cerebellar peduncle. Conclusion Neurological complications of varicella may appear up to 2.5 weeks before the onset of the exanthema. Physicians treating patients with ataxia or encephalitis should inquire about exposure to varicella zoster virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050942
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical, radiological and histological findings in desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (1994)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 10 (1994), S. 458-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical course and radiological and histological findings in a 30-month-old boy suffering from desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma are reported. The child's development was normal until a series of complex partial seizures occurred at the age of 7 months. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass with intensive ring-shaped contrast enhancement in the right temporal fossa without shift of intracranial structures. Histologically, the firm, grayish tumor showed an enormous amount of connective tissue, cystic areas, and some mitoses. Glial and neuronal cell lines were identified by immunocytochemical methods. Eighteen months after surgery the boy had developed well without any neurological dysfunction; no radiation or chemotherapy was given. For the first time a synopsis of radiological findings in this rare brain tumor is correlated with the results of multiple histological and immunocytochemical studies. Despite some malignant characteristics, the prognosis of this dysontogenetic brain tumor is good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303613
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the neuroglial fatty metamorphosis (virchow) in the perinatal period (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 372 (1976), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neuroglial development ; Fatty metamorphosis ; Myelin formation ; Perinatal period ; Minimal brain damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gliazellverfettung im unreifen Großhirn-Marklager wurde bei 12 Kindern ultrastrukturell untersucht (Gestationsalter 22–40 Wochen; Überlebenszeit 0–96 Tage). Die „fettige Metamorphose” der Neuroglia (Virchow) fand sich in allen Fällen, ausgenommen den 22 Wochen alten Feten, und betrifft vorwiegend junge Astrozyten (68,8%), ferner zu 43,5% unreife Vorstufen, jedoch nur zu 7.4% die (z.Z. der Geburt erst in Erscheinung tretende) Oligodendroglia. Die Fett-Metamorphose der unreifen Glia stellt einen sensiblen Indikator für metabolisch-zirkulatorische Störungen der Perinatalperiode dar und erfolgt unabhängig von dem Prozeß der Markscheidenbildung. Zusammen mit einer oft auffälligen Astroglia-Proliferation ist die intracytoplasmatische Akkumulation nicht membrangebundener Lipide Ausdruck einer temporären Differenzierungsstörung der unreifen Neuroglia. Die resultierende Reifungsdissoziation mit Unterdrückung der oligodendrozytären Zellinie führt zur retardierten Markscheidenbildung und dem Bild der telencephalen Leucoencephalopathie.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of neuroglial fatty metamorphosis (GFM) has been investigated in the telencephalic white matter of 12 premature and mature infants (gestational age 22–40 weeks; survival 0–96 days). GFM was found in all cases apart from a 22-week-old fetus, and involves predominantly astrocytic cells (68.8%), then glioblasts (43.5%), but only 7.4% of oligodendrocytes. GFM, therefore, seems to be independent of the myelination process and indicates the vulnerability of the immature neuroglial population in the metabolic and circulatory disorders of the perinatal period. Since GFM is found in almost all children dying within the early postnatal period, this subtle alteration reflects a special form of minimal brain damage. The relationship between GFM, astrocytic hypertrophy and periventricular leucomalacia and their role in the telencephalic leucoencephalopathy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433278
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cranial ultrasound findings in aspartoacylase deficiency (Canavan disease) (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 23 (1993), S. 395-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Canavan disease (CD) is a rare leukodystrophy which is lethal in infancy or early childhood. The underlying biochemical abnormality in CD is a hereditary deficiency ofN-aspartoacylase transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion. We report on the ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI findings of three unrelated boys with biochemically confirmed CD. At 6 and 9 months of age, two CD patients with rapid neurological deterioration showed markedly enhanced acoustic attenuation of the white matter with the exception of the corpus callosum, giving the appearance of a reversed pattern of echogenicity of cortical gray and subcortical white matter. While gyri and sulci had an almost normal US appearance, the periventricular gray matter featured prominently with increased echogenicity. In contrast another CD patient with a more protracted course had ventricular enlargement when examined by US at 5 and 9 months but no alteration in white matter echogenicity. MRI showed impaired myelinization in all three patients with Canavan disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02011970
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe transitory encephalopathy with reversible lesions of the claustrum (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 769-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reversible bilateral lesions of the claustrum and external capsule in a 12-year-old girl suffering from a severe, transitory encephalopathy are reported. After a prodromal stage of feeling uncomfortable a sudden onset of status epilepticus occurred, followed by recurrent complex partial and myoclonic seizures for 3 weeks, with psychotic symptoms and temporary loss of vision, speech and hearing. After treatment with phenytoin the patient became free of seizures and recovered completely without neurological deficit. The initial cranial CTwas normal; however, cranial MRI 7 days later showed bilateral selective lesions of the claustrum and external capsule, which disappeared completely 5 weeks later. The aetiology of these lesions remains obscure; repeated cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests were negative for herpes simplex virus and other infectious agents. The clinical and radiological improvement were concomitant. This may indicate a functional disturbance of the claustrum grey matter, rather than lesions of the white matter of the external and extreme capsules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01396197
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