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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric emptying in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus before and after therapy readjustment: no influence of actual blood glucose concentration (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1410-1412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, gastric emptying, blood glucose concentration, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemic therapy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Hyperglycaemia that is induced short-term slows gastric emptying in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. Little information is available on the impact of longer-lasting, naturally occurring blood glucose increases and their reduction to euglycaemic values. We studied the relation between gastric emptying and pre-prandial and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and secondary failure to respond to oral hypoglycaemic treatment (a) before readjusting hypoglycaemic therapy and (b) 1 week thereafter.¶Methods. We studied 9 female and 1 male patient (age 60–78 years, BMI 21.9–32.5 kg/m2, diabetes duration 3–33 years, HbA1 c 8.8–13.2 %). Gastric emptying of a radiolabelled semisolid 1168 kJ meal was recorded scintigraphically.¶Results. Blood glucose concentration pre-prandial and postprandial was considerably lower subsequent to than before therapy readjustment in all patients (fasting, 7.9 mmol/l ± 1.5 SD vs 11.7 ± 1.7 mmol/l; 60 min postprandial, 11.7 ± 2.0 vs 15.4 ± 2.2 mmol/l). By contrast, gastric emptying was unchanged (residual radioactivity in stomach 50 min postprandial 65.7 ± 14.1 % vs 66.5 ± 12.9 %). There was no relation between emptying and either fasting blood glucose concentration or its postprandial increase.¶Conclusion/interpretation. The data do not support a major impact of actual, longer-lasting, naturally occurring blood glucose concentrations upon the rate of gastric emptying in patients with Type II diabetes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1410–1412]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric emptying of semisolid meal unaltered by 3 days' administration of a sustained-release preparation of the nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate (1997)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Evidence has accumulated that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motor activity. We investigated whether nitric oxide derived from a sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate (Cedocard retard) had an effect on gastric emptying and on subjective feelings.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Twelve healthy males aged 23–32 years received at weekly intervals, for 3 days twice daily, either 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate, 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate, or placebo, under random double-blind conditions. After a further dose on day 4, subjects ate a 1168 kJ semisolid meal, the emptying of which was recorded scintigraphically for 50 min.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Neither dosage of isosorbide dinitrate had an effect on emptying which differed from the effect of placebo and the effects of the two dosages were the same. The radioactivity remaining in the stomach 50 min postprandially was 68.5% ± 4.5 S.E.M. after placebo, 65.4 ± 5.6% after 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate and 66.1 ± 4.4% after 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate. With 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate, all 12 subjects complained of persistent headache, whereas only slight headache was reported by 7 subjects on 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate and by 1 subject on placebo.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Twenty and 40 mg doses of sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate twice daily had no effect on the gastric emptying of a semisolid meal, but dose-dependently induced headaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00174.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 3-days' intake of a sustained-release preparation of the nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate, on oesophageal motility (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nitric oxide plays an important role in gastrointestinal motility. We evaluated the effects of a sustained-release preparation of the nitric oxide donor isosorbide dinitrate on swallow-initiated oesophageal contractions and the lower oesophageal sphincter.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Twelve healthy men, aged 23–32 years, received, at 1-week intervals and under random double-blind conditions, for 3 days either 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate, 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate or placebo twice daily (b.d.). One hour after a further dose on day 4, oesophageal motility was recorded for 30 min using a multilumen catheter with a Dent sleeve straddling the lower oesophageal sphincter and side-hole openings 0, 3, 6 and 9 cm proximal to the sleeve. Contractile responses to twelve 5-mL water swallows were evaluated.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Amplitude, duration, propagation velocity and onset latency of oesophageal contractions were not affected by either dosage of isosorbide dinitrate. Lower oesophageal sphincter resting pressure was significantly lower after 40 mg (15.1 mmHg ± 1.2 S.E.M.) and 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate b.d. (15.0 ± 1.0 mmHg) than after placebo (17.9 ± 1.7 mmHg; P〈0.025). Headache was reported by all subjects on 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate, seven subjects on 20 mg and by one on placebo.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Twenty and 40 mg sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate twice daily had no effect on swallow-initiated oesophageal contractions but decreased lower oesophageal sphincter resting pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00241.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow gastric emptying induced by high fat content of meal accelerated by cisapride administered rectally (1991)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 1259-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gastric emptying ; fatty meal ; cisapride rectally ; acceleration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evaluation of agents potentially accelerating gastric emptying in gastric stasis syndromes is time-consuming. Since a previous study showed that emptying is slowed after antecedent fat ingestion and intravenous cisapride abolishes this effect, we investigated whether emptying delayed by fat incorporated into a meal is reversed by cisapride and thus could serve as a model for such evaluations. Twelve healthy males received, under double-blind conditions, 30 mg cisapride rectally or placebo, and 3 hr thereafter a semisolid meal of low (9.2 g) or high (37.9 g) fat content. The sequence of combinations placebo/low-fat meal, placebo/high-fat meal, and cisapride/high-fat meal was randomized. Gastric emptying and antral motility were recorded scintigraphically. After placebo/high-fat, emptying was significantly slower (P〈0.05) than after placebo/low-fat. After cisapride/high-fat, emptying was significantly faster (P〈0.01) than after placebo/high-fat and similar to that after placebo/low-fat. Antral motility was little affected. The slow emptying of a high-fat meal thus seems a suitable model for the evaluation of prokinetic drug effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307519
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the prodrug loperamide oxide, loperamide, and placebo on jejunal motor activity (1992)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 37 (1992), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: loperamide oxide ; loperamide ; jejunal motor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This crossover, double-blind study investigated the effects of single oral doses of the prodrug loperamide oxide, which is reduced gradually to loperamide in the intestine, and loperamide on jejunal motor activity in 12 fasting healthy men. Five minutes after a phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC), 2 mg loperamide oxide, 4 mg loperamide oxide, 4 mg loperamide, or placebo were administered. Thereafter, motor activity 10–30 cm aborad the ligament of Treitz was recorded with five catheter orifices at 3-cm intervals over 4 hr. Number of contractions and area under curve increased significantly with 4 mg loperamide and 4 mg loperamide oxide, the increases with loperamide oxide occurring more gradually. Placebo and 2 mg loperamide oxide had no discernible effects. With both 4 mg loperamide and 4 mg loperamide oxide, phase I of the MMC was slightly prolonged and phase II and the time from drug administration to the onset of the first phase III slightly shortened. The percentage of aborally propagated contractions in phase II increased with all active treatments, whereas the occurrence of phases III was not altered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01308172
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