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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Epidemic ; juglone ; 2,4,8-trihydroxytetralone ; melanin shunt pathway ; plant pathogen ; Sigatoka
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Black Sigatoka is the most costly to control disease of bananas and plantains in the world. Currently, a worldwide search is underway either to find or to produce cultivars that are disease-resistant or-tolerant. Phytotoxins isolated from the pathogen might facilitate the discovery of such cultivars. Several aromatic compounds from liquid cultures ofMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of Black Sigatoka disease of bananas and plantains, have been isolated. The most abundant and phytotoxic of these compounds is 2,4,8-trihydroxytetralone, which induces necrotic lesions at 5 μg/5 μl in less than 12 h on sensitive cultivars of bananas. This compound exhibits host-selectivity that mimics that of the pathogen. Other phytotoxins isolated from this fungus, in lesser amounts, were juglone, the novel compound 2-carboxy-3-hydroxycinnamic acid, isoochracinic acid and 4-hydroxyscytalone. Some of the phytotoxins isolated are melanin shunt pathway metabolites, which makes this fungus unique among plant pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 1312-1314 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reevaluation of the previously proposed structure of helminthosporoside, a host-specific toxin fromHelminthosporium sacchari, reveals a sesquiterpenoid bis-digalactoside. The carbohydrate portion of the toxin was characterized by13C-NMR spectroscopy, methylation analyses, FD and FAB mass spectroscopy. The ring size and anomeric configuration of the galactose moieties were determined by utilizing a13C-NMR structural analysis method. A new partial structure is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 25 (1974), S. 541-566 
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 31 (1977), S. 205-222 
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 51 (1982), S. 309-333 
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: taxol; attenuation; benzoic acid; Periconia sp; endophyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Periconia sp was isolated from Torreya grandifolia (a relative of yew that does not synthesize taxol) near Huangshan National Park in the People’s Republic of China. This fungus, not previously known as a tree endophyte, was isolated from the inner bark of a small lower limb. When freshly isolated from the tree and placed in a semi-synthetic medium, the fungus produced readily detectable quantities of the anticancer drug taxol. Other taxol-producing endophytes were also isolated from this source. The production of taxol by Periconia sp was demonstrated unequivocally via spectroscopic and immunological methods. However, successive transfers of the fungus in semi-synthetic medium resulted in gradual attenuation until low production occurred even though fungal growth was relatively unaffected. Several compounds, known previously as activators of microbial metabolism, including serinol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and a mixture of phenolic acids, were capable of fully or partially restoring taxol production to otherwise taxol-attenuated cultures. The compound with the most impressive ability to activate taxol production was benzoic acid at 0.01 mM. Benzoic acid was not a taxol precursor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 293-304 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Ophiostoma ulmi ; immunofluorescence microscopy ; xylem fluid pH ; water potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Voor biologische bestrijding van de iepeziekte doorPseudomonas spp. is een zekere populatiedichtheid van deze bacteriën binnen de boom vereist. Doelen van deze studie waren het verwerven van inzicht in de verspreiding van deze bacteriën door de boom en het verloop van de populatiedichtheid in de tijd, het bepalen van de beperkende faktoren van de habitat van de bacteriën en de selektie van isolaten die beter aan deze habitat zouden zijn aangepast. Immunofluorescentie-microscopie toonde dat de in de iep geinjecteerde bacteriën uitsluitend langs de wanden van de houtvaten voorkwamen. Blijkbaar is het xyleem de enige habitat van de in de boom gebrachte bacteriën. Deze xyleem-inhoud is arm aan voedingsstoffen, de pH bleek voor de getoetstePseudomonas isolaten steeds boven de voor de groei kritische waarden te blijven, maar de waterpotentiaal kan soms voorPseudomonas spp. gevaarlijk lage waarden bereiken. Een bacterie-isolaat dat beter aangepast was aan een lage waterpotentiaal bleek het in de iep beter te doen dan het wildtype. De verspreiding van de bacteriën door de boom bleef beperkt. De bacteriën leken niet te ontsnappen uit de vaten waar ze ingebracht waren. Wel werden in het tweede jaar consistent bacteriën uit de nieuwe jaarring geïsoleerd; wondweefsel of het wortelstelsel leverden mogelijk het inoculum.
    Notes: Abstract For biological control of Dutch elm disease byPseudomonas spp. a population of these bacteria has to be present within the tree. Gaining insight in the distribution of such bacteria, both spatially within the tree and over time, was one goal of this study, determining limiting factors of the habitat and selection bacteria better adapted to it, the other. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed bacteria only along the walls of the xylem vessels. Apparently the xylem is the only habitat of the introduced bacteria. The xylem lumen is low in nutrients, the pH proved to be above the minimum value critical for growth ofPseudomonas spp., but the water potential may reach dangerously low values for bacteria. An isolate better adapted to a low water potential proved to establish itself better within elm than the parent strain. Spatial distribution studies suggested that the bacteria did not escape from the vessels in which they were introduced, but bacteria were consistently isolated from the new annual ring in the second growing season. Probably the wound tissue or the root system served as a inoculum source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Ophiostoma ulmi ; plasmid construct (pMON5003) metabolic marker ; transposon Tn903 ; immuno-agglutination ; lipopolysaccharide pattern ; cell envelope protein pattern ; DNA restriction fragments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Voor een beter begrip van de mechanismen die ten grondslag liggen aan de biologische bestrijding van de iepeziekte doorPseudomonas spp. zijn gegevens over de verspreiding van de bacteriën binnen de iep en over het verloop van de bacteriedichtheid in de tijd nodig. Omdat klassieke biochemisch-taxonomische technieken niet geschikt zijn voor het identificeren van individuelePseudomonas-isolaten zijn drie alternatieve benaderingen vergeleken. Chemotaxonomie gebasserd op lipopolysaccharidepatronen, celenvelop eiwitpatronen of DNA-restrictiepatronen bleek betrouwbaar, maar arbeidsintensief. Merken van bacteriën met een transposon (Tn903) of een zogenaamde ‘metabolic marker’ (het LacZY gen, dat codeert voor β-galactosidase en lactose permease) maakte een betrouwbare identificatie van herisolaten mogelijk. Het bleek echter dat de populatiedichtheid van transposon-gemerkte bacteriën in de iep sneller afnam dan de dichtheid van wildtype populaties. Ook bleek het plasmide met het LacZY gen uit de bacterie-populaties te verdwijnen. Blijkbaar had zowel het transposon als het plasmide een negatief effekt op de bacteriën, wat deze methode onbetrouwbaar maakt omdat de verkregen gegevens niet geëxtrapoleerd mogen worden naar het bijbehorende wild-type. Identificatie met immuno-agglutinatie met een antiserum bereid tegen het betreffendePseudomonas-isolaat bleek specifiek en snel. Immuno-agglutinatie bleek daarom de beste methode voor routinewerk. Studie naar het verloop van dePseudomonas populatie in twijgen van iepen liet zien dat zich binnen drie maanden een stabiele bacteriepopulatie instelde (circa 7×104 bacteriën per twijgmonster), maar dat de bacteriën zich mogelijk niet naar hoger gelegen xyleemelementen konden verspreiden vanuit de houtvaten waar zij bij inoculatie waren ingebracht.
    Notes: Abstract To understand the mechanisms involved in biological control of Dutch elm disease byPseudomonas, data were needed on the distribution of the introduced bacteria within elm and on the development of the bacterial population over a period of time. As traditional biochemical identification techniques are not suitable for distinguishment between individualPseudomonas isolates, three alternative approaches were compared. 1) Chemotaxonomy, using lipopolysaccharide pattern, cell envelope protein pattern or DNA restriction fragment pattern. These techniques were reliable, but tedious. 2) Labeling bacteria with a transposon (Tn903) or a plasmid construct (pMON5003) with a metabolic marker (Lac ZY, coding for β-galactosidase and lactose permease) allowed for a reliable identification of reisolates. However, populations of transposon-labeled bacteria in elms declined much faster than populations of the unlabeled wild type. The plasmid carrying the metabolic marker disappeared from the bacterial populations over time. Apparently both the transposon and the plasmid were a disadvantage to the bacteria compared with the wild type parent strains. 3) Immunoagglutination of representative reisolates with an antiserum against theP. fluorescens isolate in use proved to be specific and fast. For routine purposes the immunoagglutination test therefore was the best method of the various ones employed. Studies on the distribution of aPseudomonas isolate in elm twigs showed that a stable bacterial population developed in the twigs within three months, but that the bacteria in general did not escape from the xylem vessels in which they were introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1244-1247 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rhynchosporium secalis ; barley scald disease ; phytotoxin ; glycoprotein ; phytotoxic ; rhynchosporide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis produces a phytotoxic compound with a mol. wt of 275×103 which is able to induce chlorotic symptoms in both susceptible and resistant barley leaves. Collectively, the data suggest that the toxin is a glycoprotein. Mild base treatment, by β elimination, indicates that threonine and serine are involved in o-glycosidic linkages with the carbohydrate moiety. Sugar residues occur in the molecule in the ratio of mannose, rhammnose, galactose, glucosamine 13.6∶1∶1∶1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 982-984 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Fijiensin ; Mycosphaerella fijiensis ; Black Sigatoka ; fungal phytotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fijiensin, a novel phytotoxic metabolite, was isolated from a culture of the fungusMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of Black Sigatoka disease of banana. Fijiensin is phytotoxic on various banana cultivars, but not toward non-host plants. The structure of fijiensin was determined by X-ray analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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