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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Efficient colonization of the plant root is thought to be crucial for the plant-beneficial effect of particular Pseudomonas strains. Since root colonization is often the limiting step for successful plant growth stimulation, this process needs improvement. It is therefore important to acquire more information as regards (i) the conditions in the rhizosphere, and (ii) the bacterial traits that are involved in colonization. This review discusses some recent studies that focus on these two issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Ophiostoma ulmi ; plasmid construct (pMON5003) metabolic marker ; transposon Tn903 ; immuno-agglutination ; lipopolysaccharide pattern ; cell envelope protein pattern ; DNA restriction fragments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Voor een beter begrip van de mechanismen die ten grondslag liggen aan de biologische bestrijding van de iepeziekte doorPseudomonas spp. zijn gegevens over de verspreiding van de bacteriën binnen de iep en over het verloop van de bacteriedichtheid in de tijd nodig. Omdat klassieke biochemisch-taxonomische technieken niet geschikt zijn voor het identificeren van individuelePseudomonas-isolaten zijn drie alternatieve benaderingen vergeleken. Chemotaxonomie gebasserd op lipopolysaccharidepatronen, celenvelop eiwitpatronen of DNA-restrictiepatronen bleek betrouwbaar, maar arbeidsintensief. Merken van bacteriën met een transposon (Tn903) of een zogenaamde ‘metabolic marker’ (het LacZY gen, dat codeert voor β-galactosidase en lactose permease) maakte een betrouwbare identificatie van herisolaten mogelijk. Het bleek echter dat de populatiedichtheid van transposon-gemerkte bacteriën in de iep sneller afnam dan de dichtheid van wildtype populaties. Ook bleek het plasmide met het LacZY gen uit de bacterie-populaties te verdwijnen. Blijkbaar had zowel het transposon als het plasmide een negatief effekt op de bacteriën, wat deze methode onbetrouwbaar maakt omdat de verkregen gegevens niet geëxtrapoleerd mogen worden naar het bijbehorende wild-type. Identificatie met immuno-agglutinatie met een antiserum bereid tegen het betreffendePseudomonas-isolaat bleek specifiek en snel. Immuno-agglutinatie bleek daarom de beste methode voor routinewerk. Studie naar het verloop van dePseudomonas populatie in twijgen van iepen liet zien dat zich binnen drie maanden een stabiele bacteriepopulatie instelde (circa 7×104 bacteriën per twijgmonster), maar dat de bacteriën zich mogelijk niet naar hoger gelegen xyleemelementen konden verspreiden vanuit de houtvaten waar zij bij inoculatie waren ingebracht.
    Notes: Abstract To understand the mechanisms involved in biological control of Dutch elm disease byPseudomonas, data were needed on the distribution of the introduced bacteria within elm and on the development of the bacterial population over a period of time. As traditional biochemical identification techniques are not suitable for distinguishment between individualPseudomonas isolates, three alternative approaches were compared. 1) Chemotaxonomy, using lipopolysaccharide pattern, cell envelope protein pattern or DNA restriction fragment pattern. These techniques were reliable, but tedious. 2) Labeling bacteria with a transposon (Tn903) or a plasmid construct (pMON5003) with a metabolic marker (Lac ZY, coding for β-galactosidase and lactose permease) allowed for a reliable identification of reisolates. However, populations of transposon-labeled bacteria in elms declined much faster than populations of the unlabeled wild type. The plasmid carrying the metabolic marker disappeared from the bacterial populations over time. Apparently both the transposon and the plasmid were a disadvantage to the bacteria compared with the wild type parent strains. 3) Immunoagglutination of representative reisolates with an antiserum against theP. fluorescens isolate in use proved to be specific and fast. For routine purposes the immunoagglutination test therefore was the best method of the various ones employed. Studies on the distribution of aPseudomonas isolate in elm twigs showed that a stable bacterial population developed in the twigs within three months, but that the bacteria in general did not escape from the xylem vessels in which they were introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: bioluminescence ; Pseudomonas ; root colonization ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The bioluminescently marked Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 5RL, has been used previously to follow colonisation of soy bean roots (De Weger et al. [1991] Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:36-41). In the present paper the method has been further developed and optimized for wheat roots and it is used to get a quick overview of the colonisation patterns of many different root systems at the same time. Colonisation was followed on wheat plants grown in our gnotobiotic sand system (Simons et al., 1996. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9: 600–607) and the following results were obtained. (i) A spatio-temporal analysis of the colonisation of wheat roots showed that 4 days after planting the highest bacterial activity was observed at the upper part of the root. After 6 days the high bacterial activity at the upper part was further increased, whereas spot-like activities were observed on the lower root parts, possibly due to micro-colonies. (ii) Bacterial mutations causing lack of motility or auxotrophy for amino acids resulted in impaired colonisation of the lower root parts, indicating that motility and prototrophy for the involved amino acid(s) are important factors for wheat root colonisation by strain 5RL. (iii) Coinoculation of strain 5RL with other wild type Pseudomonas strains on the root influenced the colonisation pattern observed for strain 5RL. Colonisation was not visually affected when the competing strain was a poor root coloniser, but was severely reduced when the competing strain was a good root coloniser. The results show that the spatio-temporal colonisation of wheat root by P. fluorescens strain 5RL and derivatives is similar to that of strain WCS365 on tomato. The advantage of the use of lux-marked strains is that the results are obtained much quicker than when conventional methods are used and that the result is supplied as an image of the colonisation pattern of many different roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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