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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast carcinoma ; Oestrogen receptor ; Histology ; Cellularity ; Elastosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 159 primary breast carcinomas were examined histologically with regard to grade of anaplasia, cellularity, amount of elastic tissue, and whether they were of ductal or lobular origin. Possible correlations between these variables and the oestrogen receptor (OR)-content were investigated. There was a marked tendency toward a greater number of OR-positive tumors in the group rich in elastosis. A significant correlation between the OR-content and the histological grade was found, whereas there was no correlation between either the OR-content or the grade of anaplasia and the cellularity. Furthermore, the group of tumors that were lobular in derivation had a significantly greater number of OER-positive tumors than the group ductally derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 3 (1983), S. 103-110 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; receptor ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) analyses have been performed in 884 primary, malignant human breast tumor biopsies. Receptor contents were evaluated with respect to age and menopausal status. The frequency of ER + tumors was found to be significantly higher in postmenopausal than in pre/perimenopausal women. Age rather than menopausal status was found to be associated with this difference. The significant association with age was found in the post- but not the pre/perimenopausal women. The frequency of PgR + tumors was found to be significantly lower in the postmenopausal than in the pre/perimenopausal women. Neither age nor menopausal status alone could account for this difference, which appears to be due to a compound effect of the two factors. The distribution of receptor profile patterns is described according to menopausal status. The patterns differ significantly in pre- and postmenopausal women. PgR dominates in the premenopausal tumor while ER dominates in the postmenopausal tumor. This difference is apparent within the subgroup of ER + PgR + patients as well. The current tenets for prediction of recurrent disease utilizing steroid hormone receptor determinations are discussed for the group of ER + PgR + patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have isolated human antibody fragments with binding specificities against the blood group antigens of the ABO and I blood group systems (B and HI), of the Rh system (D and E) and of the Kell system (Kpb), by selecting a phage-antibody library on human red cells. The fragments, expressed in ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le rôle du traitement anti-oestrogénique du cancer du sein opéré après la ménopause chez les malades à hauts risques de récidive a été soumis à une étude prospective randomisée sur le plan national par le groupe Danois d'Etude du Cancer du Sein. Cette étude comporte d'une part 829 malades qui après mastectomie totale et radiothérapie postopératoire ont été traitées par le tamoxifen (RT + TAM) pendant un an et d'autre part 821 malades qui n'ont pas été soumises à un traitement complémentaire (RT). L'absence de récidive après 3 ans a été de 44% dans le premier groupe et de 40% dans le second. Dans les deux groupes le taux de la survie à 5 ans a été de 51% (p=0.53). Le pronostic basé sur les données rassemblées a été étudié en fonction de plusieurs facteurs: âge, degré d'anaplasie, volume de la tumeur, envahissement ganglionnaire. Le taux d'absence de récidive à 3 ans a été plus bas chez les malades traitées par l'association radiothérapie et tamoxifen mais il n'a de valeur significative que chez les malades âgées de 50 à 59 ans, présentant des tumeurs dont l'anaplasie est de stade I, le volume est inférieur à 5 cm et l'envahissement concerne 4 ganglions ou plus. La concentration oestrogénique a été dosée chez 291 de ces malades. La limite de 10 fmol/mg cytosol protéine et l'emploi du modèle des risques proportionnels Cox ont permis la distinction entre malades à hauts risques de récidive à 3 ans et les autres. Les malades dont le pouvoir récepteur oestrogénique est inférieur à 100 fmol/mg ne tirent aucun bénéfice du traitement endocrinien contrairement à ceux dont le pouvoir est supérieur. Le pouvoir récepteur progestéronique a été étudié chez 12% des malades. Celles qui ont un pouvoir positif ont un taux de récidive moins élevé quand elles sont traitées par RT + TAM par rapport à celles qui sont traitées seulement par RT (p=0.017).
    Abstract: Resumen La evaluación del valor del tratamiento antiestrógeno en pacientes postmenopáusicas con cáncer de seno con alto riesgo de enfermedad recurrente fue realizada en un ensayo nacional prospectivo y aleatorizado conducido por el Grupo Danés de Cáncer de Seno. Después de haber sido sometidas a mastectomía total y radioterapia postoperatoria, 829 pacientes fueron asignadas en forma aleatoria a tratamiento con Tamoxifén (RT + TAM) por 1 año, y 821 no recibieron tratamiento adicional (RT). La sobrevida libre de recurrencia (SLR) a los 72 meses es de 44% en el grupo RT + TAM, y de 40% en el grupo RT (p=0.003). La supervivencia global es de 51% en ambos grupos (p =0.53). Los datos han sido analizados con respecto a factores de pronóstico, incluyendo edad, grado de anaplasia, tamańo del tumor y ganglios positivos. La SLR es mayor en los subgrupos de pacientes tratadas con RT + TAM, pero es de significación sólo en los grupos de edad entre 50 y 59 años con tumores de anaplasia grado I, de tamaño menor de 5 cm y con 4 o más ganglios linfáticos positivos. Aún cuando se presentaron menos metastasis locales y distantes en las pacientes tratadas con RT + TAM, no se logró un aumento en la supervivencia global y aún en aquellos subgrupos de pacientes con las más significativas prolongaciones de la SLR no se pudo demostrar aumento de la supervivencia. La concentración de receptores de estrógeno fue medida en un subgrupo de 291 de las pacientes. Un límite bajo de 10 fmol/mg de proteína citosólica, distingue a las pacientes con prolongada SLR de aquellas con enfermedad recurrente temprana. Las pacientes con contenidos de receptores de estrógenos por debajo de 100 fmol/mg no derivaron beneficio de la terapia endocrina mientras aquellas con concentraciones superiores a 100 fmol/mg exhibieron una SLR significativamente más prolongada. Determinaciones de receptores de progesterona fueron realizadas en el 12% de las pacientes. Las pacientes con receptores de progesterona positivos tuvieron una menor tasa de recurrencia con el regimen RT + TAM que las pacientes con receptores de progesterona positivos manejadas con RT solamente (p=0.017). En conclusión, la terapia adyuvante con TAM aumenta la SLR en pacientes postmenopáusicas con cáncer mamario de alto riesgo. La eficacia está significativamente correlacionada con la edad de las pacientes y con ciertas características histopatológicas y bioquímicas de los tumores. El valor pronóstico de las determinaciones de RE se logra al emplear un límite bajo en la positividad RE el cual esencialmente sirve para distinguir los tumores RE negativos de los RE positivos. El valor de predicción de las determinaciones de RE y de RPg en cuanto al efecto de la terapia adyuvante parece depender sólo de las concentraciones de RE y RPg en el tejido tumoral, puesto que las más bajas tasas de recurrencia se presentan en pacientes con las más altas concentraciones.
    Notes: Abstract The role of anti-estrogen treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with high risk of recurrent disease is evaluated in a nationwide, prospective, randomized trial conducted by the Danish Breast Cancer Group. After total mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, 829 patients were randomized to treatment with tamoxifen (RT + TAM) for 1 year and 821 were randomized to no further therapy (RT). The recurrence-free survival (RFS) after 72 months of life-table analysis is 44% in the RT + TAM treated group, and 40% in the RT group (p=0.0003). Survival is 51% in both treatment groups (p=0.53). The data have been further analyzed with respect to prognostic factors such as age, degree of anaplasia, tumor size, and positive nodes. The RFS is lower in all subsets of patients treated with RT + TAM, but is only significant in patients 50–59 years of age, with tumors of anaplasia grade I, with tumors less than 5 cm, or with 4 or more positive lymph nodes. Estrogen receptor concentrations were measured in a subset of 291 of these patients. A cut-off limit of 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein and the use of a Cox proportional hazards model distinguished between patients with long RFS and those with early recurrent disease. Patients with an estrogen receptor content below 100 fmol/mg did not benefit from the endocrine therapy, while those with concentrations above 100 fmol/mg had a significantly longer RFS. Progesterone receptor determinations were performed in 12% of the patients. Progesterone receptor-positive patients had a lower rate of recurrence when treated with RT + TAM compared to the receptor-positive patients in the RT group (p=0.017).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; risk factors ; tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of antiestrogen treatment in high risk postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer is currently evaluated in a nationwide, prospective randomized trial conducted by the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. The primary treatment is total mastectomy and radiotherapy. As of February 1, 1982, 720 women were randomized to treatment with tamoxifen (30 mg daily for 1 year) and 691 women were randomized to no further therapy. Life-table analysis after 36 months shows a difference in recurrence rates of 9% (p = 0.19) in favor of the tamoxifen-treated patients. The material has been analyzed with respect to established prognostic factors such as age, degree of anaplasia, tumor size, and number of positive nodes. The rates of recurrent disease are lower in all subsets of patients treated with tamoxifen, but are only statistically significant in patients 50–59 years of age or with 4 or more positive lymph nodes. Regardless of treatment, ER negative patients have a 23% higher recurrence rate than ER positive patients after 18 months of analysis (p = 0.0033); this represents an approximate doubling of risk, and is independent of age, degree of anaplasia, tumor size, or lymph node status. With regard to PgR status, there is 11% higher recurrence rate in the PgR negative than in the PgR positive patients (p = 0.097).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 9 (1987), S. 175-189 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: dextran-coated charcoal ; enzyme immunoassay ; estrogen receptor assay ; progesterone receptor assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presently recognized correlations between various clinical parameters and the concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer biopsies are largely based on receptor values obtained using the dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method. This assay method is highly sensitive to slight changes in assay protocol, and differences in assay methodology may account for the wide variation in proportions of receptor positive patients reported by different centers. A survey of various aspects of the assay method that may lead to reproducible, systematic differences in concentrations of receptor levels is presented; and methods of compensating for or correcting these potential differences are discussed. The following aspects are considered: a) constitution of biopsy tissue, b) method of tissue homogenization, c) adsorption of ligands to surfaces, d) inclusion of molybdate in the assay buffer, e) composition of the DCC slurry, and f) handling of samples for liquid scintillation counting. Differences in methods used to homogenize tissue in Europe and the U.S.A. may account for differences observed in the correlation of DCC assay results to results obtained using the recently-introduced monoclonal ER-EIA technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: differentiation markers ; human breast carcinomas ; monoclonal antibodies ; prognostic factors ; steroid receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies were raised against purified human milk fat globule membranes. The binding of three of these (Mam-3, HMFG 1, and HMFG 2) to fixed histological sections of 100 primary breast carcinomas has been investigated. Tissue specificity was investigated by testing the binding of the antibodies to carcinomas from other organs and to benign proliferative breast lesions. In breast tissue, antigens were found only in the epithelial cells, while the stromal component, myoepithelium, and any inflammatory cells present were negative. The reaction was characterized by considerable heterogeneity, both with regard to the percent of cells positive and the intensity of the reaction. No relationship was observed between binding and histological type of breast carcinoma. However, in ductal infiltrating carcinomas, a tendency towards a greater proportion of tumors that bound the antibodies was observed among the highly differentiated compared to the low differentiated carcinomas. Data on estrogen and progesterone receptors were available in 53 and 22 of the 100 carcinomas, respectively. There were no apparent relationships between the presence of surface antigens and the menopausal status, lymph node status, or estrogen receptor status, but the tumors lacking progesterone receptor apparently lacked the antigens as well. The presence of surface antigens probably defines a differentiation in primary breast carcinoma. Whether this differentiation is of any prognostic significance remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 2 (1982), S. 414-416 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 26 (1993), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Following recent observations using monoclonal antibodies that carbohydrate structures behave as differentiation antigens of man and mouse, we have made a preliminary survey of the expression of 8 monoclonal antibody-defined carbohydrate antigens on blood cell smears of man, baboon, mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and dog. There are considerable species differ-ences in the patterns of antigen expression. However, certain generalizations can be made as follows: the i and I antigens, associated with linear and branched carbohydrate chains consisting of repeating N-acetyl-lactosamine sequences (GalB1-4GIcNAc, termed Type-2 backbone sequences) are widely distributed among granulocytes and lymphocytes of all the species studied, and on erythrocytes, monocytes, and piateiets of some of them. Substantial amounts of Type-1 backbone sequences (GalB1-3GlcNAc) may occur on rabbit lymphocytes. The N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing antigens, Pr 2 and Gd, are also expressed to varying degrees on blood cells. On the other hand, antigens based on mono- and diiucosylated N-acetyllactosamine, termed SSEA-1 (or X-hapten) and C14 (or Y-hapten) are predominantly granulocyte/monocyte-associated antigens. The former antigen is expressed in overt form only on untreated human granulocytes but occurs in cryptic state , masked by sialic acid, on human monocytes, and on the granulocytes and monocytes of baboon, rabbit, and dog but not on those of mouse, rat, and pig. The latter antigen is expressed on human granulocytes and on neuraminidase-treated monocytes and granulocytes oi dog. Lymphocytes of dog are unusual in their expression of C14 antigen, in cryptic state, masked by sialic acid residues. Although the physiological roles of these various carbohydrate structures , in vivo, are not yet known, they seem excellent candidates as determinants of species and cell-type differences in susceptibilities to infective agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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