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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Carbohydrate tolerance ; dietary fibre ; diabetes mellitus ; plasma glucose ; insulin ; gastric inhibitory polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of low and high fibre diets upon carbohydrate tolerance was examined in five maturity-onset, non-insulin dependent diabetics. After 14 days on a diet rich in natural fibre (30g/ day), the subjects consumed a high fibre (13 g) test meal. They then ate a low fibre diet (10 g/day) followed by a low fibre (1 g) test meal. Mean basal plasma glucose concentrations were similar after both fibre diets; however, both mean basal plasma. insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were significantly lower after the high fibre diet. Affer the high fibre test meal, significantly lower mean plasma glucose, insulin and GIP concentrations were measured. This study is the first study to demonstrate the ability of an institutionally supervised diet of natural foodstuffs rich in fibre to improve carbohydrate tolerance in maturity-onset, non-insulin dependent diabetics. This finding is relevant to the dietary management of diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulinoma ; IRI content of insulinoma ; ultrastructural categorization of insulinomas ; proinsulin content of insulinomas ; functional defect in insulinomas reduced storage capacity of insulinoma cells ; non-granular insulin release ; proinsulin content of human pancreas ; diazoxide response of insulinomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty human insulinomas have been investigated histologically and their immunoreactive insulin (IRI) content estimated. In most cases immunohistological and ultrastructural studies were also performed and the percentage of proinsulin-like components (PLC) in the tumour determined. Except for 1 case the IRI concentration in the tumours was lower (0.01–89.0 U/g) than in the islet tissue. Histologically, immunohistologically and ultrastructurally a variable number of tumour cells contained few and often no beta-granules, indicating a decreased storage capacity for insulin. This defective storage capacity seems to be the major functional abnormality of insulinoma cells. Ultrastructurally four types of insulinoma can be distinguished. The ultra-structural diagnosis of an insulinoma can only be made in type I (typical beta-granules, 13 cases) and type II (typical and atypical granules, 7 cases) but not in type III (atypical granules only, 4 cases) and type IV (virtually agranular, 4 cases). The type IV tumours had the lowest IRI concentration and did not respond to diazoxide treatment. The IRI concentration of the uninvolved pancreas of 19 patients was 2.0±0.2 U/g and in the range of non-diabetic adults. — The percentage PLC in 19 insulinomas was higher (5.3–22%) than in the pancreas of human adults with and without insulinoma (1.7–4.8%). The percentage of PLC in the serum of patients with insulinoma was always higher than in their tumours (33–61%). It is suggested that the higher PLC levels found in the tumour and serum of insulinoma patients are the consequence of the reduced storage capacity of the tumour cells resulting in a rapid passage through the granular route or even a non-granular release of newly synthesized insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 317-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; glucose tolerance ; family ; heterogeneity ; diabetes ; juvenile ; maturity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La suggestion a été faite que le diabète commençant dans la première moitié de la vie est transmis d'une façon différente du diabète diagnostiqué plus tard.- Nous avons examiné cette hypothèse dans une étude qui compare les membres du premier degré des familles de 735 malades souffrant du diabète avec ceux des 514 sujets de contrôle. Les histoires familiales des malades, rapportées oralement, ont indiqué une prevalence excessive de diabète connu parmi les frères et les soeurs des diabétiques juvéniles. Toutefois, lorsque les membres —supposés normaux — furent examinés, une haute fréquence d'intolérance au glucose non-soupçonnée fut trouvée. Quand la prévalence de la maladie dans les familles des diabétiques fut comparée avec celle des sujets de contrôle (rapportK) — méthode souvent employée actuellement afin de déterminer le mode de transmission du diabète — nous nous sommes trouvés en face de certains problèmes qui sembleraient indiquer que cette méthode d'analyse génétique pourrait mener à certaines erreurs d'interprétation dans les maladies telles que le diabète. — Pour les raisons examinées, nous concluons que des différences dans les rapports de prévalence ne peuvent pas être acceptées comme preuves convaincantes d'un mode de transmission différent du diabète juvénile et du diabète d'apparition plus tardive.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Hypothese eines unterschiedlichen Vererbungsmodus für den Diabetes mit frühzeitiger Krankheitsmanifestation und den Diabetes mit späterem Krankheitsausbruch wurde auf Grund von Familienuntersuchungen geprüft. Blutsverwandte 1. Grades von 735 Diabetikern wurden mit einer entsprechenden Kontrollgruppe von 514 Personen verglichen. Bei den Blutsverwandten der Patienten mit früher Diabetesmanifestation ist aus den Krankheitsanamnesen und mündlichen Berichten eine größere Diabeteshäufigkeit zu ermitteln. Wenn indessen die scheinbar normalen Verwandten ersten Grades untersucht wurden, fand man eine große Anzahl vorher unbekannter Fälle von Glueosetoleranzstörung. Bei einem Vergleich der Diabeteshäufigkeit unter den Verwandten der Zuckerkranken und den Verwandten der Kontrollfälle (K Vergleichszahl) einer Methode, die z. Zt. oft zur Bestimmung des Vererbungsmodus benutzt wird, ergaben sich einige Probleme, die andeuten, daß diese Art Vererbungsanalysen bei Erkrankungen, wie dem Diabetes, irreführend sein können. Aus den Ergebnissen der Untersuchungen wird gefolgert, daß die zahlenmäßigen Unterschiede, die sich bei dieser Methode des Vergleichs ergeben, keinen Beweis für einen unterschiedlichen Vererbungsmodus des früher oder später sich manifestierenden Diabetes darstellen.
    Notes: Summary Suggestions that diabetes of younger- and older-onset are inherited differently have been examined in a family study which compares the first-degree relatives of 735 diabetic patients with those of 514 ‘control’ patients. Verbally reported histories from the propositi indicated an excess prevalence of known diabetes among the siblings of younger-onset diabetics; however, when the ostensibly normal, first-degree relatives were examined a high frequency of unsuspected glucose tolerance test abnormality was found. When the diabetes prevalence in relatives of diabetics was compared with that in relatives of controls (K ratio), a method at present widely used to determine the mode of inheritance, a number of problems arose suggesting that this means of genetic analysis may be misleading in diseases such as diabetes. It is concluded, for reasons which are discussed, that differences in prevalence ratios cannot be accepted as good evidence for different modes of inheritance of younger- and older-onset diabetes in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Carbohydrate tolerance ; dietary fibre ; diabetes mellitus ; plasma glucose ; insulin ; gastric inhibitory polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of low and high fibre diets upon carbohydrate tolerance was examined in five maturity-onset, non-insulin dependent diabetics. After 14 days on a diet rich in natural fibre (30 g/ day), the subjects consumed a high fibre (13 g) test meal. They then ate a low fibre diet (10 g/day) followed by a low fibre (1 g) test meal. Mean basal plasma glucose concentrations were similar after both fibre diets; however, both mean basal plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were significantly lower after the high fibre diet. Affer the high fibre test meal, significantly lower mean plasma glucose, insulin and GIP concentrations were measured. This study is the first study to demonstrate the ability of an institutionally supervised diet of natural foodstuffs rich in fibre to improve carbohydrate tolerance in maturity-onset, non-insulin dependent diabetics. This finding is relevant to the dietary management of diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunoreactive gastrin ; selective proximal vagotomy ; fasting serum gastrin ; postprandial integrated gastrin output ; insulin test ; Immunoreaktives Gastrin ; selektive proximale Vagotomie ; Nüchternserumgastrin ; postprandiale integrierte Gastrinausschüttung ; Insulintest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 17 Patienten mit Ulcus duodeni wurde der Einfluß der selektiven proximalen Vagotomie (SpV), in 12 Fällen kombiniert mit Pyloroplastik, auf die basale und postprandiale Gastrinfreisetzung untersucht. Dabei ergab sich ein Anstieg der Nüchterngastrinspiegel bei allen Patienten nach SpV. Dieser Anstieg des basalen Gastrinwertes war bei Patienten mit negativem postoperativem Insulintest höher als bei insulin-positiven Fällen. Die nach Hollander-Kriterien negativen, aber nach verschärften Kriterien (keine Säure basalund nach Insulinstimulation) positiven Fälle verhalten sich wie Hollander-positive Patienten hinsichtlich basalem pH und basalem Gastrinwert. Der integrierte Gastrinoutput (IGO) während 2 Std nach Testmahlzeit liegt nach SpV im Mittelwert höher, ist jedoch infolge einer zu kleinen Fallzahl weder in der Gruppe mit noch in der Gruppe ohne Pyloroplastik signifikant vom präoperativen IGO unterschieden. Der postprandiale Serumgastrinanstieg unterscheidet sich bei den Patienten mit und ohne Pyloroplastik nicht signifikant. Nach Zusammenfassung beider Gruppen ergibt sich für die 17 Patienten, daß die SpV zu einem signifikant höheren postprandialen IGO führt.
    Notes: Summary The effect of selective proximal vagotomy (SpV) with (12 cases) and without (5 cases) pyloroplasty upon basal and food stimulated serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) was studied in duodenal ulcer patients. Following SpV, fasting serum IRG increased in all subjects; the increase was more pronounced in subjects whose postoperative insulin tests were negative. Postoperatively, the mean integrated IRG output over 2 hrs in response to a meal was significantly higher than the preoperative mean value in the 17 patients. Pyloroplasty had no effect upon the IRG response following a test meal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 213 (1967), S. 634-635 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Islets were incubated in 0-25 ml. Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer4 containing varying concentrations of glucose, crystalline bovine albumin (2 mg/ml.) and 6-14C-orotic acid (15 [jLc./ml.), with a gas phase of 95 per cent oxygen/5 per cent carbon dioxide. Incubations were carried out in a shaking ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 765-767 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By immunohistochemistry, bombesin, calcitonin and leu-enkephalin was localized in endocrine cells of human lungs from various age groups. It is suggested that at least 3 different peptide containing endocrine cells may be present in human lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 131-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serum and antral gastrin ; Ultrastructure of G-cells ; Secretory cycle of G-cells ; Gastrin response to feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of feeding on serum and antral immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) concentrations and on the ultrastructural appearance of antral G-cell granules has been examined. Serum and tissue IRG concentrations were dependent upon the length of time (12 or 48 h) the rats had been fasted before receiving food; IRG release was biphasic; the first peak was more pronounced in rats fasted 12h. Antral tissue IRG content increased significantly postprandially. An initial depletion of antral IRG was seen in rats fasted 48 h. Examination of the subcellular distribution of antral IRG revealed more of the 5–15 min postprandal total IRG in the cytoplasm and less in the secretory granules. Ultrastructurally, G-cells from fasting rats contained mainly electron-dense granules. Five minutes postprandially numerous electron-lucent granules were observed. More electron dense granules were apparent 60 and 120 min postprandially. Fasting rats had the highest G-cell granule density index; a significantly lower index was observed 5 min postprandially. Indices at 60 and 120 min postprandially increased but were still lower than the fasting index. These studies indicate that gastrin biosynthesis is necessary for food stimulated gastrin release and that the electron density of the G-cells' granules is not an accurate reflection of the G-cell gastrin content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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