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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Cerebellar diaschisis ; Pontine haematoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebellar glucose metabolism was studied in one patient with a hemipontine haematoma in order to investigate remote metabolic effects within the cerebellar lobules. In the patient, who suffered a circumscribed hemipontine haemorrhage, and in three normal subjects cerebellar glucose metabolisms was studied using18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose and high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). Regions of interest were placed on sagittal brain slices of co-registered magnetic resonance images for quantitative evaluation of glucose metabolism in each cerebellar lobule. Interruption of corticopontine fibres caused inactivation of pontine nuclei with subsequent contralateral cerebellar diaschisis, mainly in the anterior lobe and the posterior portion of the quadrangular lobule. Damage within the ponto-cerebellar part of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway, e.g. pontine nuclei and crossing ponto-cerebellar fibres from contralateral pontine nuclei, led to ipsi- and contralateral cerebellar diaschisis within the semilunar, gracile and biventral lobules. High-resolution PET is capable of demonstrating bilateral diaschisis involving specific cerebellar lobules to a different degree that is consistent with the pontine anatomy of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway and with the location of the haemorrhagic lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. S2 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter PET ; SPECT ; DOPA-Aufnahme ; D2-Rezeptoren ; Energiestoffwechsel ; M. Parkinson ; Multisystemdegeneration ; Key words PET ; SPECT ; DOPA-uptake ; D2-receptors ; Energy metabolism ; Parkinson’s disease ; Multi system degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Modalities for imaging morphology do not contribute significantly to the differential diagnosis of movement disorders. In contrast, functional imaging as PET or SPECT can differentiate among Parkinson’s disease (PD), vascular or toxic Parkinsonism and movement disorders within multi system degeneration. Especially the decreased DOPA uptake – detected by 18F-DOPA or 123I-βCIT – within the striate with accentuation in the posterior putamen is typical for PD, where initially D2-receptor activity – imaged by 11C-raclopride or 123I-iodobenzamide – is increased. In contrast to this typical pattern dopaminergic terminals as well as D2-receptors are diffusely reduced in multi system degeneration, where often energy metabolism is additionally disturbed. In Parkinson syndrome of vascular origin focal disturbances of pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic sites and energy metabolism are found, movement disorders after intoxication are accompanied by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons (MPTP) or by widespread neuronal damage in the basal ganglia as well as in the cortex (Cyanide, solvents). Functional studies additionally permit the follow-up of disease progression, by which also the efficacy of therapeutic strategies can be assessed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während bildgebende Verfahren zur Darstellung der Morphologie (CT und MRT) üblicherweise zur Diagnose degenerativer Erkrankungen wenig beitragen können, erlauben funktionelle Untersuchungen wie PET und SPECT, eine Differenzierung zwischen idiopathischem Morbus Parkinson, toxischen und vaskulären Parkinson-Syndromen und extrapyramidalen Syndromen im Rahmen von Multisystemdegenerationen. Insbesondere die verminderte DOPA-Aufnahme – durch 18F-DOPA bzw. 123I-βCIT – im Striatum mit Betonung im hinteren Putamen ist typisch für die idiopathische Form, bei der anfänglich die Aktivität von D2-Rezeptoren gesteigert (Up-Regulation) – nachzuweisen z.B. durch 11C-Racloprid oder 123I-Iodobenzamid – ist. Im Gegensatz dazu sind bei Multisystemdegenerationen sowohl dopaminerge Endigungen als auch D2-Rezeptoren diffus vermindert und zusätzlich häufig der Energiestoffwechsel beeinträchtigt. Bei Parkinson-Syndromen vaskulärer Genese zeigen sich umschriebene Veränderungen am prä- und postsynaptischen dopaminergen System sowie im Energiestoffwechsel, toxisch bedingte extrapyramidale Störungen gehen mit selektivem Ausfall der dopaminergen Neurone (MPTP) oder mit ausgedehnten Nervenzellverlusten in Basalganglien und Hirnrinde (Cyanid, Lösungsmittel) einher. Die funktionellen Studien erlauben zusätzlich Aussagen über die Progression der Erkrankung, wodurch auch Therapieeffekte objektiviert werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Brachytherapy ; Glioma ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated whether 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-de-oxy-d-glucose (FDG) and carbon-11 methionine are suitable tracers to monitor the effects of therapy for low-grade gliomas. Ten patients with low-grade glioma without previous treatment were studied with FDG positron emission tomography. Additionally,l-[methyl-11C]-methionine uptake was measured in five subjects before and 1 year after computerized tomography (CT)-guided stereotactic and computer-assisted implantation of iodine-125 seeds. All scans were 3D-matched to CT, isodose volumes were determined, and changes in glucose metabolism and methionine uptake were evaluated in tumour and brain tissue as a function of radiation dose. After 1 year glucose metabolism was not significantly altered up to a radiation dose of 300 Gy, whereas methionine uptake showed a significant dose-dependent decrease. Higher rates of decline were found in tumours with high basal methionine incorporation activity before therapy. These data suggest that measurement of methionine uptake is more suitable than measurement of FDG uptake for monitoring therapeutic effects in low-grade gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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