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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) that is unique to the pathogenic Listeria species L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii has been detected. Deletion analysis performed with Escherichia coli recombinants expressing PI-PLC activity together with maxicell analysis showed that a 34kDa polypeptide was responsible for this activity. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the gene encoding this polypeptide comprises 317 amino acid residues with a 22-amino-acid signal peptide. This gene, designated pic for phosphatidylInositol-specific phospholipase C, is located back to back with the listeriolysin gene on the chromosome of L. monocytogenes where these genes are transcribed by divergent non-overlapping promoters. Expression of the pic gene is dependent on the product of the prfA gene, which also regulates expression of the listeriolysin gene in L. monocytogenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recovery of the host after infection by the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is dependent on cell-mediated immunity. Little is known of the nature of listerial antigens that induce cell-mediated responses in the infected host. In this study we report on the identification and cloning of an Escherichia coli recombinant encoding a listerial antigen, designated ImaA, capable of eliciting a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response in Listeria-immune mice. Nucleotide sequencing of the Listeria DNA insert in plasmid pLM10 showed that the Ima A gene product consisted of 170 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17994. The predicted amino acid sequence suggests that the protein is localized to the bacterial plasma membrane or cell wall. The ImaA gene was unique to the pathogenic species L. monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii; it was not present in any other species of the genus Listeria.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Charakterisierung vonL. monocytogenes Mutanten mit verminderter Virulenz wird beschrieben. Mutanten mit reduzierter Synthese des extrazellulären Proteins p60 (kodiert von dem iap Gen) bilden lange septierte Zellfilamente, die erheblich weniger invasiv für nichtprofessionell phagozytische Animalzellen sind als der Wildstamm. Mutanten, die kein Listeriolysin bilden, sind zwar noch invasiv, können aber in phagozytischen Zellen nicht mehr überleben. Ein Typ dieser Listeriolysin-negativen Mutanten weist eine Mutation in einem Gen (prfA) auf, das einen positiv wirkenden Transkriptionsregulatur (PrfA) kodiert, der das Listeriolysingen (lisA) und mehrere andere Gene koordiniert reguliert. Dazu gehören Gene für eine Phosphatidylinositol-spezifische Phospholipase und eine Metalloprotease.
    Notes: Summary The characterization of mutants ofListeria monocytogenes with reduced virulence properties is described. Reduction in the amount of the extracellular protein p60 (encoded by the ipa gene) leads to cell filaments with impaired invasiveness. Mutants which cannot synthesize listeriolysin are still invasive but unable to survive within phagocytic cells. One type of listeriolysin-negative mutants is defective in the synthesis of a positive regulatory element PrfA which coordinately regulates the listeriolysin gene (lisA) together with several other genes, including those for a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase and a metalloprotease.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 336 (1962), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fresh frozen sections and paraffin sections, both stained with haematoxylin and eosin, have been compared in the same tissue (endometrium and other gynaecological specimens) and differences in the morphology and staining results have been described. In the endometrium, exact measurements of certain tissue elements were performed in both types of section (mucosal thickness; glandular diameter; luminal diameter; length of the epithelial cells and two diameters of the nuclei of the epithelial and stromal cells). A comparison of both techniques by these means suggests that the histological picture in fresh frozen sections is more similar to the conditions in vivo than the appearances seen in paraffin sections. Fresh frozen sections are highly suitable for rapid diagnosis in histology and are of particular value in the field of histochemistry.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von Endometrien und anderem gynäkologischem Material wurden unfixierte Frischgefrierschnitte mit dem Kryostaten von Dittes-Duspiva hergestellt und das gleiche Material fixiert, eingebettet und Paraffinschnitte angefertigt. Von beiden Schnittherstellungen wurden gleichartige Hämatoxylin-Eosin-Färbungen hergestellt. Die Gewebsschnitte wurden vergleichend auf morphologische und färberische Unterschiede untersucht. An den Endometrien wurden vergleichende Messungen zur Größe der einzelnen Gewebselemente im Frischgefrier- und Paraffinschnitt angestellt. Der Vergleich beider Methoden ergab, daß im Frischgefrierschnitt die Verhältnisse mehr denen in vivo entsprechen. Der Frischgefrierschnitt eignet sich gut für das Gebiet der histologischen Schnelldiagnostik und nimmt eine zentrale Stellung im Bereich der Histochemie ein.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 41 (2004), S. 259-277 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper shows in detail the application of a new stochastic approach for the characterization of surface height profiles, which is based on the theory of Markov processes. With this analysis we achieve a characterization of the scale dependent complexity of surface roughness by means of a Fokker-Planck or Langevin equation, providing the complete stochastic information of multiscale joint probabilities. The method is applied to several surfaces with different properties, for the purpose of showing the utility of this method in more detail. In particular we show evidence of the Markov properties, and we estimate the parameters of the Fokker-Planck equation by pure, parameter-free data analysis. The resulting Fokker-Planck equations are verified by numerical reconstruction of the conditional probability density functions. The results are compared with those from the analysis of multi-affine and extended multi-affine scaling properties which is often used for surface topographies. The different surface structures analysed here show in detail the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Hematopoiesis ; GM-CSF ; IL-3 ; IL-1 ; Precursor cells ; Cytofluorometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our experiments were directed towards the detection of the influence of interleukin-1 (IL-1); interleukin-3 (IL-3), and granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the generation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. We also set out to examine whether this process is connected with changes within the early precursor cell compartment. Bone marrow suspension cultures (12 days) supplemented with these cytokines were tested for the presence of GM colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in a colony-forming unit assay. The percentage of CD 34+ and HLA-DR+ as well as the number of blasts and promyelocytes were estimated cytofluorometrically and morphologically. The proliferative effect of GM-CSF was associated with a net increase of GM-CFC and HLA-DR+ myeloid cells and a decrease in the percentage of CD 34+ early precursor cells. IL-3 acted similarly and also caused an absolute decrease of CD 34+ cells in the cultures. IL-1 did not stimulate the generation of blasts or GM-CFC but elevated the number of CD 34− as well as HLA-DR-expressing cells in the cultures. These results imply that GM-CSF supported the maintenance of hematopoiesis in vitro. The transition from early precursor cells to committed myeloid progenitor cells (GM-CFC) and more mature precursor cells (G-CFC, M-CFC) may be supported by GM-CSF without affecting the self-renewing capacity of CD 34+ early precursors. In contrast, the blast-generating and proliferation-inducing action of IL-3 is associated with a drop in the total number of CD 34+ stem cells. An efficient renewal of this population obviously depends on the presence of IL-1.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung SH-aktivierbare Hämolysine (Cytolysine) ausListeria monocytogenes (Sv4b) undListeria ivanovii wurden zur Homogenität gereinigt. Die N-terminalen Aminosäuresequenzen des 58 kDa großen Listeriolysins ausL. ivanovii und eines 24 kDa Protein, das vermutlich der CAMP-Faktor vonL. ivanovii ist, wurden bestimmt. Mit Hilfe von Antikörpern gegen Listeriolysin ausL. ivanovii und Streptolysin O wurden im Western Blot virulente und avirulente Listerienstämme auf ihre Fähigkeit, Listeriolysin zu bilden, getestet. Danach synthetisieren und scheiden alle virulenten Stämme vonL. monocytogenes Listeriolysin (Mr 58–59 kDa) aus, allerdings in sehr unterschiedlicher Menge. In den Kulturüberständen vonListeria innocua, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria grayi undListeria murrayi konnte kein mit Listeriolysin- oder Streptolysin-O-Antikörpern kreuzreagierendes Protein nachgewiesen werden. Die avirulente, aber hämolytische ArtListeria seeligeri zeigte ebenfalls keine Kreuzreaktion mit diesen Antikörpern. Zwei Typen von hämolytischenEscherichia coli Klonen wurden in einer Genbank vonL. monocytogenes (Stamm EGD) nachgewiesen. Der erste Typ besaß rekombinante Plasmide, die ein gemeinsames Fragment von 2 kb trugen. Dieses kodierte für ein Protein von 23 kDa, das für die hämolytische Aktivität verantwortlich ist. Diese Aktivität wurde weder mit DTT aktiviert, noch kreuzreagierte das 23-kDa-Protein mit Antikörpern gegen Listeriolysin oder Streptolysin O. Der andere Typ von hämolytischen Klonen wurde in der Genbank mit Hilfe von Streptolysin-O-Antikörpern identifiziert. Einige dieser Klone synthetisierten ein Protein von 61 kDa, das mit Antikörpern gegen Streptolysin O (oder Listeriolysin) kreuzreagierte. Durch Transposonmutagenese vonL. monocytogenes mit Tn916 wurden 2 Typen von nichthämolytischen Mutanten erhalten. Mutanten des Typs I produzierten kein extrazelluläres Protein, das mit Antikörpern gegen Listeriolysin kreuzreagierte. Typ-II-Mutanten schieden anstelle des 58 kDa Listeriolysins Proteine mit geringerer Größe als Listeriolysin aus, die noch mit diesen Antikörpern reagierten und somit wahrscheinlich verkürzte Listeriolysinproteine darstellen. Tests auf Virulenz in einem Mausmodell zeigten, daß beide Typen von nichthämolytischen Mutanten avirulent sind. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, daß diese nichthämolytischen Mutanten nicht mehr in der Lage sind, in peritonealen Mausmakrophagen zu überleben, jedoch noch in embryonale Mäusefibroblasten (3T6-Zellen) eindringen können. Alle virulenten Stämme vonL. monocytogenes synthetisierten in relativ großer Menge ein extrazelluläres Protein von 60 kDa. Mutanten konnten isoliert werden, die zwar noch hämolytisch sind, das 60-kDa-Protein jedoch nur noch in geringer Menge produzieren. Die Mutanten haben die Fähigkeit, in 3T6-Zellen einzudringen, weitgehend verloren.
    Notes: Summary Thiol-activated hemolysins (listeriolysins) fromListeria monocytogenes (Sv4b) andListeria ivanovii were purified to homogeneity. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the 58 kDa listeriolysin ofL. ivanovii and of a 24 kDa protein which may represent the CAMP-factor ofL. ivanovii were determined. Antibodies raised against theL. ivanovii listeriolysin and anti-streptolysin O antibodies were used in Western blot analyses to detect listeriolysin(s) in virulent and avirulent Listeria strains. It was found that all virulent strains ofL. monocytogenes synthesize and secrete listeriolysin (Mr 58–59 kDa), albeit in significantly variable quantities. No protein cross-reaction with anti-listeriolysin antibodies or anti-streptolysin O-antibodies was present in the supernatant ofListeria innocua, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria grayi andListeria murrayi strains. Furthermore, the avirulent but hemolyticListeria seeligeri did not cross-react with these antibodies. In aL. monocytogenes (strain EGD) gene bank constructed inEscherichia coli two types of hemolytic clones were identified. The first type carried recombinant plasmids with a common 2.0 kb fragment coding for a 23 kDa protein. This hemolytic activity was not activated by DTT and the 23 kDa protein did not cross react with anti-listeriolysin or anti-streptolysin antibodies. The other type of hemolytic clones was detected by using anti-streptolysin O antibodies to screen the gene bank. Some of these clones synthesized a protein of 61 kDa which cross reacted with anti-streptolysin O (or anti-listeriolysin) antibodies. By transposon Tn916 mutagenesis ofL. monocytogenes two types of nonhemolytic mutants were obtained. Type I produced no extracellular protein that cross reacted with anti-listeriolysin (or anti SLO) antibodies. Instead of the 58 kDa listeriolysin protein, type II mutants released proteins which were smaller in size than listeriolysin and cross reacted with anti-SLO. These proteins probably represent truncated listeriolysins. Virulence tests in a mouse model indicated that non-hemolytic mutants ofL. monocytogenes were avirulent. Furthermore, it was shown that these nonhemolytic mutants were unable to survive in mouse peritoneal macrophages but were still capable of entering mouse embryo fibroblast (3T6) cells. All virulentL. monocytogenes produced a quantitatively abundant extracellular protein of Mr 60 kDa. We isolated mutants which were still hemolytic but produced significantly reduced amounts of this protein. The ability of these mutants to enter 3T6 cells was severely impaired.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Perfluoromethyl Element Ligands. XXIX. Preparation and Spectroscopic Investigation of M(CO)4L2 Complexes (M = Cr, Mo, W; L = Me2PSMe, Me2PSeMe, (CF3)2PSMe, (CF3)2PSMe)The complexes M(CO)4L2 (see Inhaltsübersicht) have been prepared by the reaction of tetracarbonyl norbornadiene metal compounds M(CO)4NBD with L at room temperature or 35°C, respectively. The cis-complexes formed in the first step undergo rearrangement to trans-isomers at higher temperatures. New compounds have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic (IR, NMR, MS) methods.
    Notes: Die Komplexe M(CO)4L2 (M = Cr, Mo, W; L = Me2PSMe, Me2PSeMe, (CF3)2PSMe, (CF3)2PSeMe) werden durch Umsetzung der Norbornadienverbindungen M(CO)4NBD mit L bei Raumtemperatur bzw. bei 35°C dargestellt. Die primär gebildeten cis-Komplexe lagern sich bei erhöhter Temperature in die trans-Isomeren um. Die neuen Verbindungen werden analytisch und spektrometrisch (IR, NMR, MS) charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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