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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myopathy ; Kearns-Sayre-syndrome ; Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report on the progression of myopathology by comparing two biopsies from a patient with a Kearns-Sayre-Syndrome. The first biopsy was taken in 1979 and showed 10% ragged-red fibers. Myopathic changes were slight including internal nuclei and fiber splitting in 10% of the fibers. Electron microscopy revealed typical mitochondrial abnormalities with regard to number and shape. In 1989 a second biopsy was performed for an extended analysis of mitochondrial DNA. This time less than 5% of all fibers were ragged-red. Severe myopathic changes could be detected which so far has rarely been reported in mitochondrial cytopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 623-628 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; angiotensin (3–8)-hexapeptide ; radioimmunoassay ; sodium depletion ; Angiotensin II ; Angiotensin (3–8)-Hexapeptid ; Radioimmunoassay ; Kochsalzentzug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei fünf normotonen Probanden wurde im arteriellen und venösen Plasma des Unterarms vor und nach diätetischem Salzentzug sowie vor und während Infusion von Angiotensin II-amid Angiotensin II (A II) und der Angiotensinmetabolit Angiotensin (3–8)-Hexapeptid (H) nach dünnschichtchromatographischer Trennung radioimmunologisch bestimmt. 2. Vor Salzentzug betrug das Verhältnis von arteriellem zu venösem A II-Spiegel 1,14 ± 0,11:1, entsprechend einer A II-Extraktion während einer einzigen Passage durch den Unterarm von etwa 12%. Die Infusion von Angiotensin II-amid führte zu einer Zunahme der Extraktion von A II; unter der höchsten von uns gewählten Infusionsgeschwindigkeit (8 ng·min−1·kg−1) stieg das Verhältnis von arteriellem zu venösem A II-Spiegel auf 1,68 ± 0,3:1, entsprechend einer A II-Extraktion von rund 39% an. 3. Salzentzug führte zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der arteriellen und venösen Konzentration von A II und H. Unter der Infusion von Angiotensin II-amid stieg die arterielle und die venöse A II-Konzentration von den erhöhten Ausgangswerten aus annähernd parallel zu den Konzentrationen vor Salzentzug an. Die Extraktion von A II unterschied sich nicht signifikant von derjeigen vor Salzentzug. 4. Die Zunahme der Extraktion von A II während der Angiotensin II-amid-Infusion, nicht jedoch während Kochsalzentzug zeigt eine überproportionale Steingerung des Angiotensinmetabolismus unter Infusionsbedingungen an. Unter Salzentzug tritt dagegen nach unseren Untersuchungen keine prozentuale Änderung des Angiotensinmetabolismus auf.
    Notes: Summary 1. Angiotensin II (A II) and angiotensin (3–8)-hexapeptide (H) were measured by radioimmunoassay in arterial and venous plasma before and during infusion of angiotensin II-amide in five normotensive subjects, both in sodium-replete and sodium-depleted states. The separation of the oligopeptides was performed by thin layer caromatography. 2. Before sodium-depletion the mean ratio of arterial to venous A II was 1.14 ± 0.11:1, corresponding to an A II-extraction of approximately 12% during a single forearm passage. Infusion of A II-amide increased extraction of A II. The mean ratio of arterial to venous A II increased to 1.68 ± 0.3:1, corresponding to an extraction of approximately 39% when 8 ng·min−1·kg−1 were infused. 3. Sodium depletion increased arterial and venous concentrations of A II and H. During infusion of angiontensin II-amide the arterial and venous concentrations of A II and H increased approximately parallel to the concentrations before sodium depletion. The extraction of A II did not differ significantly in both states. 4. The augmented extraction of A II observed during infusion of angiotensin II-amide suggests an overproportional increase of the metabolism of A II under the latter condition. Sodium depletion, however, does not appear to cause a percent change in A II metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; Cortisol ; Renin ; Angiotensinogen ; Angiotensinases ; Diurnal rhythm ; Normal subjects ; Aldosteron ; Cortisol ; Renin ; Angiotensinogen ; Angiotensinasen ; Tagesrhythmus ; Normalpersonen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 6 normalen männlichen Freiwilligen im Alter von 20–26 Jahren wurden Plasmacortisol und -renin stündlich, Plasmaaldosteron, -angiotensinogen und -angiotensinasen alle 3 Std über jeweils 24 Std unter Kontrollbedingungen und anschließend unter Suppression der ACTH-Freisetzung durch Dexamethason gemessen. Die höchsten Cortisolspiegel fanden sich gegen 7 Uhr, die niedrigsten zwischen 21 und 1 Uhr. Die Gabe von Dexamethason führte zu konstant niedrigen Cortisolkonzentrationen. Aldosteron war unter Kontrollbedingungen und unter Dexamethason gegen 4 Uhr am höchsten und zeigte niedrigste Werte zwischen 16 und 22 Uhr. Zwischen den mittleren Aldosteronkonzentrationen entsprechender Zeitpunkte der Kontroll- und der Dexamethasonperiode bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Ähnlich dem Aldosteron zeigte das Plasmarenin Maximalwerte gegen 4 Uhr. Alle Mittelwerte entsprechender Zeitpunkte zwischen 7 und 23 Uhr und die jeweiligen 24 Std-Mittelwerte jedes einzelnen Probanden waren unter dem Einfluß von Dexamethason signifikant erhöht. Für die Existenz circadianer Rhythmen des Angiotensinogens und der Angiotensinasen konnte kein Anhalt gewonnen werden. Dexamethason bewirkte keine signifikanten Veränderungen dieser Parameter. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß die circadianen Rhythmen von Aldosteron und Renin miteinander vergleichbar, jedoch nicht exakt mit dem des Cortisols synchronisiert sind. Unter der Hemmung der ACTH-Freisetzung durch Dexamethason steigt die Reninaktivität an, der Aldosteronspiegel bleibt unverändert. Angiotensinogen und die Angiotensinasen, Parameter, die die aktive Konzentration des Angiotensin II beeinflussen können, scheinen an der Regulation des Aldosterons nicht beteiligt zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Plasma cortisol and renin were estimated in 1 h intervals, plasma aldosterone, angiotensinogen and angiotensinases in 3 h intervals over periods of 24 h in six normal volunteers (age 20–26) under control conditions and subsequently under suppression of ACTH released by dexamethasone. Highest cortisol levels were found around 7 a.m., minimum levels between 9 p.m. and 1 a.m. Dexamethasone reduced cortisol to constantly low concentrations. Aldosterone was highest around 4 a.m. under control conditions and under dexamethasone, and showed lowest concentrations between 4 and 10 p.m. There were no significant differences between mean aldosterone concentrations at corresponding time points of the control and the dexamethasone period. Similar to aldosterone, renin showed peak values around 4 a.m. All mean values at corresponding time points between 7 a.m. and 11 p.m. and the 24 hour mean values of each subject were significantly increased under the influence of dexamethasone. No evidence could be achieved for the existence of circadian rhythms of angiotensinogen and angiotensinases. Dexamethasone did not cause significant changes of these parameters. The data suggest that circadian rhythms of aldosterone and renin are similar to each other but not exactly synchronized to that of cortisol. When ACTH release is inhibited by dexamethasone renin increases to maintain normal aldosterone levels. Angiotensinogen and angiotensinases, parameters which may influence the active concentration of angiotensin II, do not seem to be involved in the regulation of aldosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 853-857 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase ; Erythrocytes ; Membranes ; Essential hypertension ; Sodium ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Erythrocyten ; Membranen ; Essentielle Hypertonie ; Natrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Veränderungen der Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) könnten Ursache des gestörten Natriumtransports an Erythrocyten von Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie sein, da dieses Enzym an Elektrolyttransportmechanismen beteiligt sein soll. Daher wurde an hämoglobinfreien Erythrocytenmembranen von Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie die AChE Aktivität gemessen. In Abwesenheit von Effektoren betrug sowohl bei normotensiven Kontrollpersonen als auch bei Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie die Michaelis Konstante der AChE für Acetylcholin (K m) 1.57·10−5 Mol/l. Natrium hemmte die AChE bei niedrigen Substratkonzentrationen, während das Enzym bei mittleren und hohen Substratkonzentrationen durch Natrium aktiviert wurde. Mit steigender Natriumkonzentration wurde das Substratoptimum zu höheren Acetylcholinkonzentrationen verlagert. Andererseits konnte eine Substratüberschußhemmung nachgewiesen werden. Die AChE der Erythrocyten unbehandelter männlicher Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie unterschied sich nicht von der des normotonen Kontrollkollektivs. Die beschriebenen Störungen von Elektrolyttransportmechanismen bei essentieller Hypertonie sind daher von der AChE unabhängig.
    Notes: Summary There is accumulating evidence that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) might be involved in the transport of sodium across biological membranes. Consequently, because in primary hypertension abnormalities in the transport of sodium by red blood cells have been documented, AChE activities were measured in hemoglobin-free red-blood-cell membranes of patients with essential hypertension. In the absence of any effectors, the Michaelis constant of AChE for acetylcholine (K m) was 1.57·10−5 mol/l, both in normotensives and in hypertensives. Sodium inhibited AChE at low substrate concentrations, whereas the enzyme was activated by sodium at moderate and high substrate levels. With increasing sodium, the substrate optimum was displaced toward higher substrate concentration. On the other hand, an inhibition of AChE by excess substrate could be demonstrated. Erythrocyte AChE activity of male patients with essential hypertension was no different from that of the normotensive controls. Therefore, abnormalities in electrolyte transport mechanisms reported in essential hypertension might be independent of AChE activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 607-616 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; Erythrocytes ; Sodium transport ; Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase ; Centrifugation ; Essentielle Hypertonie ; Erythrocyten ; Natriumtransport ; Natrium-Kalium Adenosintriphosphatase ; Zentrifugation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante des „Gesamt“ Natriumefflux aus Erythrocyten war bei Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie im Vergleich zu einem normotonen Kontrollkollektiv erniedrigt und beruhte auf einem verminderten „Ouabain-abhängigen“ (aktiven) Natriumtransport. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten des „Ouabain-unabhängigen“, des „Ouabain-unabhängigen Furosemid-abhängigen“ und des „Ouabain-unabhängigen Furosemid-unabhängigen“ Natriumefflux waren bei Hypertonikern und Normotonikern gleich. Ouabain hemmte bei beiden Kollektiven den Natriumefflux um rund 74%, Furosemid um weitere 13%. Der verminderte aktive Natriumtransport an Erythrocyten essentieller Hypertoniker ging mit einer erniedrigten Na-K-ATPase Aktivität einher, die nur an nicht zentrifugierten, hämolysierten und dialysierten Erythrocyten nachweisbar war. An hämoglobinfrei gewaschenen Erythrocytenmembranen hingegen bestanden keine Aktivitätsunterschiede zwischen beiden Kollektiven. Bei der Zentrifugation geht Nicht-Hämoglobin-Eiweiß einschließlich Ouabain-abhängiger und Ouabain-unabhängiger ATPase Aktivität verloren, auch ist die Entfernung eines die Na-K-ATPase hemmenden Faktors denkbar. Daher repräsentieren die Befunde an hämolysierten und dialysierten Erythrocyten, jedoch nicht jene an hämoglobinfrei gewaschenen Erythrocytenmembranen, die Bedingungen an der intakten Zelle und sprechen somit für eine verminderte Na-K-ATPase Aktivität der Erythrocyten bei essentieller Hypertonie. Die verminderte Geschwindigkeitskonstante des Ouabain-abhängigen Natriumefflux aus Erythrocyten führte jedoch nicht zu einem meßbaren Anstieg des intraerythrocytären Natriums. Bei einer normalen diätetischen Kochsalzzufuhr und einer leichten Verlaufsform einer essentiellen Hypertonie kann der Erythrocyt offensichtlich diese biochemische Abnormität voll kompensieren. Die Störung des aktiven Natrium-transports bei essentieller Hypertonie ist möglicherweise, ebenso wie die Störung des Natrium-Kalium Cotransports und des Natrium-Lithium Counter-transports, genetisch bedingt.
    Notes: Summary The rate constant for erythrocyte “total” sodium efflux was significantly decreased in patients with essential hypertension compared with normotensive controls due to a reduced “ouabain-sensitive” (active) sodium transport. The rate constants for “ouabain-insensitive”, “ouabain-insensitive furosemide-sensitive” and “ouabain-insensitive furosemide-insensitive” sodium efflux were not different between hypertensives and normotensives. Ouabain inhibited sodium efflux by 74% and furosemide by a further 13%, both in hypertensives and in normotensives. The reduced rate constant for active erythrocyte transport in patients with essential hypertension was due to a diminished Na-K-ATPase activity demonstrable in hemolyzed and dialyzed erythrocytes. In contrast, in hemoglobin-free red blood cell membranes Na-K-ATPase activity was not different between both groups. Apparently the centrifugation procedure, which is necessary for preparation of hemoglobin-free membranes, leads to a loss of non-hemoglobin proteins, including ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive ATPase and/or a Na-K-ATPase inhibiting factor. Thus, the results obtained in hemolyzed and dialyzed red blood cells reflect probably better the conditions in the intact erythrocyte than do measurements on hemoglobin-free membranes, suggesting a decreased Na-K-ATPase activity in erythrocytes of essential hypertensives. However, the diminished rate constant for ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux did not result in a measurable increase in erythrocyte sodium indicating that this biochemical abnormality can fully be compensated in moderate essential hypertension without excess salt intake. The cause of the reduced rate constant for ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux is not clear. However, as suggested for sodium-potassium cotransport and for sodium-lithium countertransport it might be determined genetically.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 337-343 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piretanide ; renal failure ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Piretanide 60 mg was administered intravenously over 30 min to 15 men with different degrees of renal failure. The mean piretanide serum concentration at the end of the infusion period was 5.72±1.51 µg/ml. Serum piretanide concentration-time curves declined biexponentially and 24 hours after medication the serum level had fallen to less than twice the detection limit. The terminal half-life ranged from 1.63 to 3.44 h. A relationship to creatinine clearance was not demonstrable. The mean metabolic clearance of piretanide was 107.7±47.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area and was the same as that reported for healthy subjects. The renal clearance of piretanide ranged from 3.33 to 43.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area and very closely correlated with the creatinine clearance (p〈0.01). Its renal clearance dependend principally on active secretion of the drug into the tubule, and glomerular filtration appeared unimportant. There was a close relationship between the amount of piretanide excreted in the urine and the creatinine clearance. Because the diuretic effect of piretanide depends on the concentration of the drug in the tubule, the observed correlation might be of use in evaluating the appropriate dosage of piretanide in patients with renal failure. The present data suggest that single daily doses of piretanide will not result in accumulation, even when high doses are administered to patients with advanced renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 45 (1984), S. 401-408 
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0898-6568
    Keywords: Protein phosphorylation ; cAMP-dependent protein kinase ; cGMP-dependent protein kinase ; human lymphocytes ; prostaglandins ; vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 153-155 (1988), S. 170-171 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 370-371 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We give a comparison for inelastic neutron scattering experiments performed at the high flux reactor in Grenoble and at the spallation source in Argonne. These experiments were performed at the IN4 (I. L. L. Grenoble) and at the HRMECS (IPNS Argonne) with nearly identical conditions using E0(approximately-equal-to)50 meV as energy of incident neutrons. We conclude that the neutron counting rate for a given scattering angle is less by a factor of about 30 at HRMECS than at IN4. This is due to a rather small neutron flux at HRMECS. Thus the background to signal ratio is worse by a factor of 2 at HRMECS compared to IN4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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