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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acute renal haemodynamic and endocrine response to felodipine in normal man (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. 581-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; calcium antagonists ; renal haemodynamics ; prostaglandins ; kallikrein ; PGF 1 α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Felodipine (0.075 mg/kg p.o.), a calcium antagonist, was given to 9 male volunteers, with and without indomethacin pretreatment. Diuresis and natriuresis occurred after felodipine without significant change in effective renal plasma flow or glomerular filtration rate. There was no significant change in urinary 6 keto PGF 1 α or urinary kallikrein excretion and indomethacin did not inhibit the natriuretic or diuretic response to felodipine. The felodipine induced diuresis and natriuresis appears most likely to be mediated by an action of the drug on renal tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542491
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    "Giant'' magnetoresistance in sputtered Co–Ag alloy thin films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6372-6374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: "Giant'' magnetoresistance ratios have been measured at room temperature in single layer Co–Ag alloy thin film. The effect has been observed over a broad range of Co concentrations with a maximum as-deposited MR ratio of ≥22% (at x=0.38). The effects of two annealing sequences have also been studied. The MR ratio generally increases on annealing reaching a maximum of ∼28% (at x=0.38) after the second anneal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352654
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of remanence and giant magnetoresistance data in sputtered Co/Cu and Fe/Cu multilayers (abstract) : 37th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6408-6408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well established that magnetic interactions in particulate media and films can be assessed on the basis of the correlation between the normalized dc demagnetization remanence, Id(H), and the normalized isothermal remagnetization remanence, Ir(H). Departures of Henkel plots from the straight-line relationship of the Wohlfarth equation may be regarded as a measure of the strength of the intergranular field interactions in thin films. Delta-I plots are commonly used to manifest these interactions. These remanence techniques have been applied to both ordered and highly disordered (granular) sputtered multilayers of Co/Cu in which the giant magnetoresistance effect has been observed. Both the Henkel plots and the delta-I (MR) plots exhibit oscillatory characteristics, which correlate with magnetoresistance and critical field data. Figure 1 shows the amplitude of the delta-I plot as a function of Cu volume fraction in quasigranular Co/Cu films in good correlation with the amplitude of the giant MR effect. Similar results have been obtained even with relatively thick multilayers of Fe/Cu in which the giant MR is extremely weak. These results would seem to indicate that comprehensive remanence measurements involving Henkel and/or delta-I plots are effective in evaluating intergranular exchange coupling in giant MR film systems, given that these plots can be processed to provide quantitative interaction field data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thickness dependence of giant magnetoresistance of AgNiFe heterogeneous alloys films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5590-5592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the thickness dependence of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) observed in AgNiFe heterogeneous alloy films. The films were sputtered from a mosaic target at the system ambient temperature onto glass substrates. In order to maintain interfacial uniformity, and to control the spin-dependent transmission of electrons at the AgNiFe film interfaces, they were covered by 200-A(ring)-thick NiFe under- and overlayers. The samples have total thicknesses in the range 400–3000 A(ring). The film resistivity, magnetoresistivity, and magnetization were measured in the temperature range 4–300 K and in fields of up to 1.1 T and the structure examined using both large- and small-angle x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the observed thickness dependence of the GMR of the AgNiFe films is within the experimental error It is postulated that this is due to coherent spin transmission of conduction electrons across the sandwich interfaces which does not degrade the GMR by mixing of the spin currents. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362251
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jitterbug spin channel mixing in heterogeneous giant magnetoresistive material : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5593-5595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mechanism is described which considers the effect of small magnetic particles on the spin diffusion length in a granular giant magnetoresistive material. Spin depolarization occurs by precession of the spin orientation of the carrier due to the s–d exchange interaction within a magnetic particle. Numerical simulation of this jitterbug effect is found to generate a temperature and field dependence of the distance a carrier may travel within the sample without losing its spin memory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362252
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling giant magnetoresistance and magnetization of Ag1−xNix−yFey heterogeneous alloy films (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5605-5605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of the particle size distribution on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and magnetization of Ag1−xNix−yFey heterogeneous alloy films both experimentally and through computer simulation. The samples were prepared by sputtering from a mosaic target onto glass substrates at the system ambient temperature. They have thicknesses in the range of 100–300 nm and were rapidly thermally annealed at up to 750 °C to promote phase segregation. The resistivity and magnetoresistivity have been measured in the temperature range 4–300 K in fields of up to 12 kOe and the magnetization by vibrating sample magnetometer at fields of up to 6 T. We have modeled the magnetization and GMR of the system using an ensemble of superparamagnetic particles which have a log normal distribution of diameters. We obtain an excellent fit to the experimental magnetization data at room temperature. This is true for all annealing strategies used. Conversely, we have found a marked difference between the modeled and experimental GMR data for higher temperature annealing strategies. It can be shown that this model accurately fits the magnetoresistance if only particles under a critical diameter are considered. For Ag1−xNix−yFey heterogeneous alloy films this critical diameter has been calculated to be 6 nm. Larger particles will contribute only to the magnetization and not the magnetoresistivity. To optimize the magnetoresistance an annealing strategy that favors the creation of particles under this critical diameter is required. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362256
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistance in Ag1−xNix−yFey heterogeneous alloy films : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6927-6929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of phase segregation and compositional variation on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) observed in heterogeneous AgNiFe alloy films. The films were sputtered from a mosaic Ag/NiFe/Fe target onto glass substrates at the system ambient temperature. They had a thickness of 200–300 nm, and were rapidly thermally annealed (RTA) under vacuum in order to promote phase segregation. By altering the amount of Fe in the target mosaic, the Ni:Fe ratio was systematically varied from 80:20 to 34:66 atomic percent. The Ag concentration for all films was fixed at 78±5 atomic percent. The GMR was maximized using a RTA temperature of 650 °C. Annealing at higher temperatures decreased the saturation field of the GMR, but also lowered its size. Changing the film composition had little effect on the saturation field of the GMR, but for both as-deposited and optimally annealed samples the magnetoresistance was found to decrease as the Ni concentration decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356783
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of giant magnetoresistance in Ag-Ni-Fe alloy films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5506-5508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of a large magnetoresistance in as-deposited co-sputtered Ag-Ni-Fe films. The size of the magnetoresistance has been measured as a function of the film composition. Measurement of the samples' hysteresis indicates that smaller Ag concentrations result in regions of the films becoming ferromagnetically coupled while greater concentrations result in the formation of a superparamagnetic state. Crystallographic evidence obtained using x-ray diffraction shows the samples to have the crystal structure of a contracted Ag lattice possibly caused by the inclusion of Ni and Fe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353684
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The absence of giant magnetoresistance on antiferromagnetically coupled NiFe/Cr multilayers : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5518-5520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To further investigate the relationship between the giant magnetoresistance (GMR), anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), and antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling found in magnetic multilayers we have deposited NiFe/Cr multilayers onto rectangular Corning 7059 glass substrates at ambient temperatures. Uniaxial anisotropy was induced by applying a 90 Oe field along the length of the substrate strips during deposition and in all cases a 50–100-A(ring)-thick Cr underlayer was used. For Cr interfilms 9–12-A(ring) thick, the multilayers were found to have hard axis saturation fields of 90–200 Oe and easy axis hysteresis loops which exhibit a complex behavior dependent on whether the multilayer is composed of an even or an odd number of NiFe films. Both of these effects result from AFM coupling of the NiFe films. The magnetoresistive (MR) behavior was also found to be complex and dependent on the number of NiFe films in the multilayer. A theoretical model based on coherent rotation and including AFM coupling between the NiFe films has been developed and both the hysteresis loops and MR of the multilayers calculated. From these calculations it has been found that, despite the existence of AFM coupling, the experimentally observed magnetoresistive behavior can be described using only AMR. Thus the existence of AFM coupling does not result in GMR NiFe/Cr multilayers. This is discussed in terms of spin filtering at the multilayer interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353688
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circular magnetic x-ray dichroism in the study of NiFe and AgNiFe thin films : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4195-4197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Circular magnetic x-ray dichroism (CMXD) has been used as an element specific tool to investigate both AgNiFe heterogeneous alloy and NiFe thin films. The films were rf sputtered at a power of 100 W from a mosaic target in 8 μm of Ar. The absorption and CMXD spectra, recorded at the Ni and Fe L2,3 and L2,3 edges, were measured at station 1.1 of the UK Daresbury Laboratory Synchrotron Radiation Source. For the AgNiFe films, element specific hysteresis loops of both Fe and Ni within the Ag matrix were obtained for several samples in fields of up to 2.5 T. These results clearly showed that the Fe and Ni hysteresis loops superimpose, despite the fact that both the intrinsic anisotropy constants and magnetization of Ni and Fe are very different. This indicates that little or no segregation into elemental Ni or Fe particles occurs in these films. The result adds support to a previously developed phenomenological model of the giant magnetoresistance GMR of such systems, which presumes the existence of discrete NiFe particles. The ratio of the Ni and Fe orbital to spin magnetic moments was also determined for both the AgNiFe and NiFe thin films. The latter were produced by dc sputtering from Ni and Fe targets, and had compositions which varied from 100% Fe to 100% Ni. We find a reasonable correlation between the dependence of the observed m(spin)/m(orbit) ratios as a function of the films composition and previously published data for the gyromagnetic ratio of such films. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365118
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