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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of remanence and giant magnetoresistance data in sputtered Co/Cu and Fe/Cu multilayers (abstract) : 37th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6408-6408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well established that magnetic interactions in particulate media and films can be assessed on the basis of the correlation between the normalized dc demagnetization remanence, Id(H), and the normalized isothermal remagnetization remanence, Ir(H). Departures of Henkel plots from the straight-line relationship of the Wohlfarth equation may be regarded as a measure of the strength of the intergranular field interactions in thin films. Delta-I plots are commonly used to manifest these interactions. These remanence techniques have been applied to both ordered and highly disordered (granular) sputtered multilayers of Co/Cu in which the giant magnetoresistance effect has been observed. Both the Henkel plots and the delta-I (MR) plots exhibit oscillatory characteristics, which correlate with magnetoresistance and critical field data. Figure 1 shows the amplitude of the delta-I plot as a function of Cu volume fraction in quasigranular Co/Cu films in good correlation with the amplitude of the giant MR effect. Similar results have been obtained even with relatively thick multilayers of Fe/Cu in which the giant MR is extremely weak. These results would seem to indicate that comprehensive remanence measurements involving Henkel and/or delta-I plots are effective in evaluating intergranular exchange coupling in giant MR film systems, given that these plots can be processed to provide quantitative interaction field data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of addition of sugar and inoculation with two commercial inoculants on the fermentation of lucerne silage in laboratory silos (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Lucerne (DM 236 g kg-1, WSC 49 g (kg DM)-1) was ensiled in test-tube silos with or without either glucose or fructose and with or without one of two commercial inoculants. The WSC content of the forage as ensiled was too low to obtain a well preserved untreated silage. By day 4 the pH values of the silages with added sugar or inoculant were significantly lower (P〈 0·001) than the control silage. A satisfactory fermentation was attained only in the silages to which sugar and an inoculant had been added. These silages had a lower pH, more protein-N (P〈 0·001), less ammonia-N (P〈0·001), a faster increase in counts of lactic acid bacteria, and decrease in counts of coliforms than the other silages. Homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria dominated the fermentation in the inoculated silages while leuconostocs dominated the early stages of fermentation in the control silages. The results indicate that if there is insufficient sugar in the original crop, then the bacteria in an inoculant will not be able to produce enough lactic acid to lower the pH to an acceptable level. This has important implications for the ensilage of lucerne and other highly buffered low sugar crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1986.tb01793.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysteresis reduction in NiFeCo/Cu multilayers exhibiting large low-field giant magnetoresistance : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7067-7069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been observed in Ni66Fe16Co18/Cu multilayered uniaxial magnetic thin films prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. Both easy and hard axis loops saturate at very low applied fields. The MR ratio reaches ∼80% of its saturation value in less than 30 Oe. A maximum MR ratio of ∼10% has been observed in the as-deposited state in a structure containing only ten bilayers. Typical hysteresis values for magnetoresistance loops are ∼4 Oe in the as-deposited state. A gradual decrease of this hysteresis has been observed with annealing. An increase in the saturation field is also observed with annealing. Short-term annealing increases the magnitude of the magnetoresistance ratio; prolonged annealing causes a decrease. A field sensitivity of about 0.3% per Oe has been observed and dc magnetoresistance minor loops exhibit no measurable decrease in sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356728
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling field dependence of giant magnetoresistance in "granular'' and quasi-granular magnetic films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5512-5514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Giant magnetoresistance in granular alloy thin films prepared by co-sputtering as well as in quasi-granular disordered multilayers has been modeled with relative ease using a simple scattering concept appropriate to superparamagnetic films and involving the Langevin function. The model has been applied to both as-deposited and annealed samples with the result that approximate sizes of spin clusters may be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353686
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of Two-Stage Activation Annealing of Al-Implanted 4H-SiC Layers (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 457-460 (June 2004), p. 921-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/08/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.457-460.921.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of "Normally On" and "Quasi On" SiC VJFET's in Half-Bridge Circuits (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 457-460 (June 2004), p. 1153-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/08/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.457-460.1153.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma and Proton Irradiation Effects on 4H-SiC Depletion-Mode Trench JFETs (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 483-485 (May 2005), p. 885-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: 4H-SiC vertical depletion-mode trench JFETs were fabricated, packaged, and thenirradiated with either 6.8 Mrad gamma from a 60Co source, a 9x1011 cm-2 dose of 4 MeV protons, or a 5x1013 cm-2 dose of 63 MeV protons. 4H-SiC Schottky diodes were also fabricated, packaged and exposed to the same irradiations. The trench VJFETs have a nominal blocking voltage of 600 V and a forward current rating of 2 A prior to irradiation. On-state and blocking I-V characteristics were measured after irradiation and compared to the pre-irradiation performance. Devices irradiated with 4 MeV proton and gamma radiation showed a slight increase in on resistance and adecrease in leakage current in blocking mode. Devices irradiated with 63 MeV protons, however, showed a dramatic decrease in forward current. DLTS measurements were performed, and the results of these measurements will be discussed as well
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/10/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.483-485.885.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suspension feeding dynamics of anuran larvae related to their functional morphology (1979)
    Springer
    Oecologia 39 (1979), S. 259-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The tadpoles of two anuran species, Rana sylvatica and Xenopus laevis, were fed various concentrations of two algae, Anabaena sphaerica (large filaments) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (small unicells). Filtering rates were measured indirectly with a Coulter Counter system; buccal pumping rates were observed directly. Experimental measurements of buccal volume (volume cleared with each pump stroke) agreed closely with independent predictions from a descriptive model based on tadpole morphology. The Xenopus larvae had a larger buccal volume than Rana larvae of comparable size. The R. sylvatica tadpoles demonstrated: a lower (threshold) and an upper limit on the food concentration for filtering and ingestion, a peak in filtering rate at an intermediate (critical) concentration, a probable higher filtering efficiency on larger particles, and an asymptotic relationship between ingestion rate and concentration. Tadpoles maintained a maximum ingestion rate over a wide concentration range (above the critical concentration for filtering) by species-specific patterns of adjustment in pumping rate and buccal volume. Maximum ingestion rates, expressed as volume (but not number) ingested per unit time, were similar for tadpoles fed both Anabaena and Chlorella. Several anatomical features may limit the maximum ingestion rate, the maximum filtering rate, the maximum particle size ingested, the maximum volume of food that can be removed without clogging the gill filters, and other components of tadpole feeding dynamics. Data on tadpole feeding may be used to evaluate general suspension feeding models. The behavior of Rana tadpoles at various algal concentration in the field was consistent with predictions from these experimental studies. sediments when concentrations fell near or below a “critical” concentration. These field observations indicate that laboratory experiments and morphological studies can predict certain aspects of tadpole feeding activities in the field. Three general conclusions concerning the feeding dynamics of tadpoles follow from the data and discussion just presented: (i) they are similar in several respects to those of invertebrate suspension feeders, (ii) they apparently are regulated as functions of biovolume not of particle number, (iii) they can be predicted, in part, from morphological measurements on the tadpole's buccal pump. In addition, these data on tadpole feeding may be used to evaluate general models of suspension feeding dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345438
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion of total phosphorus, dissolved reactive phosphorus, ammonia, and urea by Lake MichiganMysis relicta (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 93 (1982), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mysidacea ; Mysis relicta ; Lake Michigan ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; urea ; ammonia ; vertical migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rates of nutrient release byMysis relicta in Lake Michigan were measured on five nights at a 45-m station near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A., in the summer of 1977. Nocturnal vertical migrations of the mysids were monitored with both echosounder tracings and vertical net tows. Estimates of the total areal dry mass of the mysids ranged from 600 to 1 820 mg m−2. Rates of release of dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, ammonia, and urea were measured in dark incubations on shipboard. Excretion experiments were initiated immediately after mysids were collected from each of several vertical net hauls. The depths of maximum mysid densities corresponded approximately with a deep phytoplankton peak located in the vicinity of the thermocline. Semiquantitative ‘demands’ for N and P by phytoplankton within this peak were obtained from14C estimates of primary production from a previous study, assuming a constant C:N:P ratio for the algae. These algal nutrient ‘demands’ were compared to potential N and P release by the mysids to obtain a first approximation of the relative rates of nutrient supply and demand for the field phytoplankton populations. Our analysis indicates that mysids may directly supply about 1–10% of the daily N and P ‘demands’ of the phytoplankton in the deep peak. However, indirect interactions betweenMysis relicta and other organisms, such as small zooplankton and fishes, could be major factors in nutrient recycling within the metalimnion and subthermocline region of Lake Michigan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of experimental conditions on nitrogenous excretion by Lake MichiganMysis relicta (Lovén): laboratory studies with animals acclimated inFragilaria (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 93 (1982), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mysidacea ; Mysis relicta ; Fragilaria crotonensis ; ammonia ; urea ; nitrogen cycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory experiments, rates of excretion of ammonia and urea by Lake MichiganMysis relicta were compared for animals incubated in the presence and the absence of algal food (Fragilaria crotonensis chemostat outflow). Prior to experiments, all animals were acclimated to laboratory conditions and the experimental food for 2–4 weeks. Algae used in experiments were enriched in the dark with nutrients (N and P) prior to experimental incubation. There were no significant differences in the ammonia and urea excretion rates of mysids incubated in filtered water compared to those inFragilaria cultures, or in ammonia excretion rates either as a function of individual size or sex of the mysid or of its having been held at 5 °C, 10 °C, or 15 °C. Ammonia excretion rates measured between 4 and 8 h of incubation were significantly higher than those between 1–3 h and 8–15 h, for mysids held both in filtered water and inFragilaria cultures. The results are compared to those from shipboard incubations in a previous study and are discussed with respect to physiological regulation of nitrogenous waste production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008109
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