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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (40)
  • 1995-1999  (40)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new apparatus for surface x-ray absorption and diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5477-5485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new apparatus for structural studies of surfaces and buried interfaces using synchrotron radiation was built and tested at the 27-pole wiggler station BL13B of the Photon Factory. The apparatus was designed to combine x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), x-ray standing wave (XSW), and surface x-ray diffraction techniques in the same ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber. The apparatus features a seven-element Si(Li) solid-state detector array for a fluorescence yield measurement and a high precision eight-axis goniometer in the UHV chamber with a base pressure of 1×10−10 Torr. For the same sample mounted on the in-vacuum goniometer, vertically or horizontally polarized surface-sensitive XAFS, surface x-ray diffraction, and XSW can be measured. As a performance test, the structure of Ge overlayers on Si(001) was studied by polarized surface-sensitive XAFS. The results show that the apparatus can probe the local structure of adatoms with ∼0.1 monolayer sensitivity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146072
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization curling in films used for perpendicular magnetic recording (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3593-3597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization-curling mode in a columnar-structure film with perpendicular magnetization is studied on the assumption that the film is a two-dimensional array of cylinders. The angular dependence of the nucleation field HN is calculated by the Ritz method and compared with that for the coherent-rotation mode. It is found that the magnetization rotates in the curling mode for a large reduced radius S and in the coherent-rotation mode for a small S. The angular dependence of HN is different from that in an infinite cylinder. If S is large, the magnetization rotates in the curling mode for any value of θ0, where θ0 is the angle between the applied field and the cylinder axis. When S is medium, the magnetization rotates in the coherent-rotation mode for a small θ0 and in the curling mode for a large θ0. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365678
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arsenic precipitation from thin surface layers of low-temperature grown GaAs (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1441-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Arsenic precipitation from a thin, 100-nm surface layer of GaAs grown at low temperature (LT) by molecular beam epitaxy is investigated. The precipitate depth distribution is examined for different rapid thermal annealing cycles. It is found that the precipitate distribution can tail a long distance into the underlying stoichiometric GaAs layer, depending on the peak annealing temperature. The distribution for an 800 °C anneal is virtually unaffected by a prior low temperature "soak'' at 600 °C, thus showing that the precipitation is insensitive to the initial point defect concentrations in this temperature range. The relevance of these results to the precipitation process and to the use of thin LT layers in device applications is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral patterning of arsenic precipitates in GaAs by a surface stress structure (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2194-2196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Lateral patterning of arsenic precipitates in GaAs is reported. The positions of near-surface precipitates in a GaAs layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperature are controlled by InGaAs stressors 45 nm in width covered by a SiO2 film. The stressors form a surface grating which governs the precipitate position by modulating the strain in the GaAs near the surface. Electron microscopy clearly reveals the formation of precipitates about 15 nm in diameter aligned with the stressors at a depth of ∼50 nm. It is suggested that this capability to control the position of nanometer-size metallic particles within a semiconductor could open up new possibilities for novel devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113944
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway neutrophil accumulation induced by interleukin-8 and the effect of the thromboxane A2 antagonist S-1452 in guinea-pigs (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been shown to be a chemotactic factor for neutrophils, T-lymphocytes and eosinophils, but it is unknown whether the IL-8-induced inflammatory cell accumulation into the airways can cause the bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) characteristic of asthma. IL-8 at a dose of 0.5 or 5μg/kg was administered intranasally to guinea-pigs twice a week for 3 weeks. One day after the last administration, animals were anesthetized and artificially ventilated through tracheal cannula and lateral pressure at the cannula (Pao) was measured as an overall index of airway responses to increasing concentrations of inhaled histamine (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml). The IL-8 treatment significantly enhanced bronchial responsiveness to histamine in a dose-dependent manner (ANOVA P 〈 0.01). The provocative concentration of histamine causing a 100% increase in Pao (PC100) at a dose of 0.5 and 5μg/kg of IL-8 was 68.1 (Gsem 1.12) and 35.6 (Gsem 1.25) μg/ml, respectively. The latter was significantly (P 〈 0.01) lower than that in control animals treated with PBS (93.3 [Gsem, 1.14] μg/ml)- The IL-8 treatment also induced a significant influx of neutrophils, but not eosinophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (18.3 ± 8.8 and 30.6 ± 8.3% in animals treated with 0.5 and 5 μg/kg, respectively, of IL-8 vs 3.6 ± 0.7% in phosphate buffered saline-(PBS)-treated animals). Furthermore, we examined the effect of the thromboxane receptor antagonist S-1452 (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg, i.p. 24 and 1 h before anesthesia) on this IL-8 induced BHR. S-1452 significantly inhibited the BHR dose-dependently (ANOVA P 〈 0.001). PC100 was 94.0 (Gsem 1.19), 137.4 (Gsem 1.17) and 43.0 (Gsem 1.24) μg/ml with S-1452 at doses of 0.01 and 0.1mg/ml and saline, respectively. We conclude that IL-8 causes BHR and airway neutrophil inflammation, and that thromboxane A2 is important in the development of BHR induced by IL-8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01002.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior instrumentation in idiopathic scoliosis: a minimum follow-up of 10 years (1997)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 21 (1997), S. 4-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Entre 1973 et 1993, 134 patients atteints de scoliose idiopathique ont été traités selon une instrumentation antérieure a l’hospital National de Murayama. De ces patients, 53 ont été suivis avec un minimum de 10 ans. Il y avait 45 femmes et 8 hommes avec une moyenne d’age de 32,6 ans. 17 patients ont été traités selon l’instrumentation Dwyer, et 36 selon Zielke. La courbure était thoracique chez 16 patients, thoracolumbaire chez 27 patients et lombaire chez 10 patients. La moyenne de l’angle de Cobb préopératoire était 64.7°. La moyenne de l’angle à terme était 21.3°, c’est-à-dire 62.3% en moyenne de correction de la scoliose (61.7% dans l’instrumentation Dwyer et 65% dans l’instrumentation Zielke). La majorité des patients étaient satisfaits dans une estimation subjective. Avec cette étude nous sommes assez satisfaits de nos resultats et recommandons l’instrumentation antérieure pour la correction de la scoliose.
    Notes: Summary. One hundred and thirty-four patients with idiopathic scoliosis were treated between 1973 and 1993 in our hospital, and 53 were followed for a minimum of 10 years in a retrospective study. Forty-five were female and 8 male with an average age of 32 years at follow up. Dwyer instrumentation was used in 17 and Zielke in 36. The curve was thoracic in 16, thoracolumbar in 27 and lumbar in 10. The average preoperative Cobb angle was 64°. The average angle at follow up was 21° with 62% of the average correction maintained (61% in the Dwyer and 65% in the Zielke). Most patients were satisfied subjectively and we recommend this type of operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640050108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in visibility of intracranial arteries on MRA with normal ageing (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 813-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance angiography ; Ageing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated age-related changes in the visibility of intracranial arteries on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and the influence of risk factors for stroke. We studied 230 adult patients without specific neurological deficits. MRA was performed using the three-dimensional time-of-flight technique with a spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition sequence. We classified internal carotid artery (IC) and the horizontal (M1) and distal (beyond M2) middle cerebral segments into 4 grades. Linear regression revealed a significant negative relation between age and the quality of demonstration on MRA. For IC and M1, the score was significantly lower in subjects with risk factors than in those without. The distal MCA was poorly seen in patients without a history of hypertension or lacunar infarcts. A marked correlation was observed between visibility and age patients with no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. We suggest that atherosclerotic change and decline in flow velocity with normal ageing are factors leading to decreased visibility on MRA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050847
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for three groups of sequence variants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 5 (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 879-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  About half of Japanese isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) were found to contain RNA 5 molecules, which were also detected in virus isolates from China and France. Sequence comparisons of RNA 5 (nucleotides 327 to 1171) in 25 isolates showed that there are up to 8% sequence differences, and that RNA 5 variants fall into three groups: group I contains most of the Japanese and Chinese isolates, group II two Japanese isolates, and group III four French isolates. The group I isolates fall into three small clusters. In the 26 kDa coding region of RNA 5, there was a maximum of 1.5% nucleotide sequence differences (6 amino acid changes) within the group and 8.4% nucleotide sequence differences (17 amino acid changes) between the groups. Comparisons of the coat protein gene of RNA 2 revealed that most of the Japanese and Chinese isolates belonged to the A type strain, but some isolates were of the B type. The French isolates (P type) were closely related to those of the A type. Mixed infections of the two types of virus and the two groups of RNA 5 were detected in a small area of Hokkaido. BNYVV might have been introduced into Japan and China by a similar route from at least two origins. These results, together with other evidence, suggest that the three groups of RNA 5 variants separated from an original population a long time ago and, thereafter, the group I population diverged further into three clusters, which may have been associated with the A type strain rather than the B type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050553
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly Strained C—C Bonds: 3-(1'-Hydroxy-4'-isopropyl-2',2'-dimethyl-1',2'-dihydrobenzocyclobuten-1'-yl)-3-methyl-2-butanone Ethylene Acetal, (I), and (3S*,1'S*)-3-Acetoxy-2-(1'-hydroxy-1',2'-dihydrobenzocyclobuten-1'-yl)-2-methylpentane, (II) (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1938-1941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270198009895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene using a direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique, DIRECT (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 14 (1996), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder that affects the cerebellum and other areas of the central nervous system. We have devised a novel strategy, the direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique (DIRECT), which allows selective ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1196-277
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