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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (18)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical Coding of GABAB Receptor-Immunoreactive Neurones in Hypothalamic Regions Regulating Body Weight (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 15 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interacts with hypothalamic neuronal pathways regulating feeding behaviour. GABA has been reported to stimulate feeding via both ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. The functional form of the GABAB receptor is a heterodimer consisting of GABAB receptor-1 (GABABR1) and GABAB receptor-2 (GABABR2) proteins. Within the heterodimer, the GABA-binding site is localized to GABABR1. In the present study, we used an antiserum to the GABABR1 protein in order to investigate the cellular localization of GABABR1-immunoreactive neurones in discrete hypothalamic regions implicated in the control of body weight. The colocalization of GABABR1 immunoreactivity with different chemical messengers that regulate food intake was analysed. GABABR1-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the periventricular, paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic, arcuate, ventromedial hypothalamic, dorsomedial hypothalamic, tuberomammillary nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Direct double-labelling showed that glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-positive terminals were in close contact with GABABR1-containing cell bodies located in all these regions. In the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus, GABABR1-immunoreactive cell bodies were found to contain neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide (AGRP) and GAD. In the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus, GABABR1-immunoreactive cell bodies were shown to contain pro-opiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. In the LHA, GABABR1 immunoreactivity was present in both melanin-concentrating hormone- and orexin-containing cell populations. In the tuberomammillary nucleus, GABABR1-immunoreactive cell bodies expressed histidine decarboxylase, a marker for histamine-containing neurones. In addition, GAD and AGRP were found to be colocalized in some nerve terminals surrounding GABABR1-immunoreactive cell bodies in the parvocellular part of the PVN. The results may provide a morphological basis for the understanding of how GABA regulates the hypothalamic control of food intake and body weight via GABAB receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.00843.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular Localization of GABAA Receptor α Subunit Immunoreactivity in the Rat Hypothalamus: Relationship With Neurones Containing Orexigenic or Anorexigenic Peptides (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, acts via two different type of GABA receptors. GABAA receptors are composed of five subunits that belong to eight different classes. Depending on their subunit composition, distinct pharmacological and electrophysiological properties are obtained. GABA is produced in certain hypothalamic neurones known to be involved in control of feeding behaviour. We report the detailed immunohistochemical localization of four GABAAR α subunits in hypothalamic regions associated with the regulation of feeding behaviour. Immunoreactive structures for all studied GABAAR α subunits were observed in the hypothalamus, but with subunit-specific staining patterns. GABAAR α1 immunoreactivity was most prominent in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), whereas GABAAR α2, α3 and α5 subunits exhibited particularly strong immunoreactivity in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. In comparison, GABAAR α subunit immunoreactivities were generally weak in the arcuate nucleus. In the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide Y- and agouti-related peptide-containing cell bodies, which also are known to be GABAergic, were immunoreactive for only the GABAAR α3 subunit, whereas pro-opiomelanocortin- and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript- containing cell bodies located in the ventrolateral subdivision of the arcuate nucleus, showed GABAAR α1, α2 and α3 subunit immunoreactivity. In the LHA, GABAAR α3 subunit immunoreactivity was demonstrated in both melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin-containing neurones. In addition, MCH neurones contained GABAAR α2 immunoreactivity. In neurones of the tuberomammillary nucleus, GABAAR α2 and α5 subunits were colocalized with histidine decarboxylase, a marker for histamine-containing neurones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01207.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GABAergic Nature of Hypothalamic Leptin Target Neurones in the Ventromedial Arcuate Nucleus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived cytokine hormone, which reduces body weight via interactions with hypothalamic neurones. Leptin receptors capable of activating the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway are expressed at high levels in the hypothalamus, particularly in the arcuate nucleus. In order to identify the chemical mediators of leptin's action in the hypothalamus, we have examined whether GABA neurones of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus contain leptin receptors and the leptin-activated transcription factor STAT3. GABAergic neurones, as visualized by antisera to the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA, were demonstrated in the ventromedial and ventrolateral parts of the arcuate nucleus. GABA neurones in the ventromedial arcuate nucleus were shown to contain leptin receptor immunoreactivity, as revealed using an antiserum generated to a sequence common to all isoforms of the leptin receptor (Ob-R), as well as an antiserum generated to the carboxy-terminal end of the long leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), and immunoreactivity for the leptin-induced signal transduction molecule STAT3. Ventromedial GABA neurones were also shown to contain neuropeptide Y, whereas ventrolateral proopiomelanocortin-containing neurones lacked GAD and GABA immunoreactivity. Levels of mRNA for GAD65, GAD67 and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) were analysed in the arcuate nucleus of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and lean control mice by in situ hybridization. No significant differences in GAD65, GAD67 or VGAT mRNA were detected in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice as compared to lean control mice. The presence of leptin receptor and STAT3 in GABAergic arcuate neurones, but absence of changes in gene transcription for GAD and VGAT mRNA suggests, that leptin does not transcriptionally regulate the expression of proteins involved in GABAergic transmission in arcuate neurones. However, mechanisms other than transcriptional regulation for leptin to influence arcuate GABA neurones may exist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00662.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma membrane and vesicular glutamate transporter mRNAs/proteins in hypothalamic neurons that regulate body weight (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.t01-1-03010.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cellular and developmental expression of hrs-2 in rat (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The molecular events underlying vesicular trafficking probably involve the formation and dissolution of protein complexes between integral components of the vesicle and its target membrane. SNAP-25 is associated with the plasma membrane and is a component of a core protein complex thought to be essential for neurotransmitter release. We have previously characterized a protein, hrs-2, that interacts with SNAP-25 and inhibits secretion from permeabilized PC12 cells. The cellular localization and developmental expression patterns of a number of proteins involved in the secretion machinery have been documented. To understand more about the possible cellular role of hrs-2, we have examined hrs-2 distribution, developmental expression and subcellular localization in rat tissues and cell lines. We show herein that the distribution of hrs-2 in brain and periphery parallels that of SNAP-23/25, and that recombinant hrs-2 binds to both SNAP-23 and SNAP-25. Hrs-2 mRNA and protein are found almost ubiquitously in neurons in the brain. Hrs-2 mRNA is expressed in the neural tube at E10 and thereafter mRNA and protein levels remain relatively constant in the whole brain through adulthood. In cultured PC12 cells, endogenous hrs-2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the limiting membranes of multivesicular bodies. Overexpression of hrs-2 in mammalian cells results in the appearance of large intracellular compartments that are labelled with hrs-2 antibodies. The wide distribution, the interaction with SNAP-23 and the localization on multivesicular body membranes suggest a general role for hrs-2 in cellular machinery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00716.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intrapulmonary gas distribution in healthy children
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 65 (1986), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Schlagwort(e): Distribution ; Lung ; Moment-ratio analysis ; Ventilation Growth ; Volume
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(86)90045-9
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of Cholecystokinin-like Immunoreactivity in the Nervous System (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 448 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb29922.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hexokinase I Messenger RNA in the Rat Central Nervous System
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 5 (1994), S. 658-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1044-7431
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mcne.1994.1080
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coexistence of peptides with classical neurotransmitters (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 768-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical transmission ; multiple messengers ; synapse ; neuropeptides ; immunohistochemistry ; 5-HT ; catecholamines ; GABA ; somatostatin ; enkephalin ; NPY ; CCK ; CGRP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the present article the fact is emphasized that neuropeptides often are located in the same neurons as classical transmitters such as acetylcholine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, catecholamines, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) etc. This raises the possibility that neurons produce, store and release more than the one messenger molecule. The exact functional role of such coesisting peptides is often difficult to evaluate, especially in the central nervous system. In the periphery some studies indicate apparently meaningful interactions of different types with the classical transmitter, but other types of actions including trophic effects have been observed. More recently it has been shown that some neurons contain more than one classical transmitter, e.g. 5-HT plus GABA, further underlining the view that transfer of information across synapses may be more compex than perhaps hitherto assumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945354
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interleukin-3, interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin cord blood levels of preterm and term neonates (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Fetal haematopoiesis ; Erythropoietin ; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ; Interleukin-3 ; Interleukin-6
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The cascade of known haematopoietic growth factors controlling granulomonopoiesis and erythropoiesis includes interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (EPO). Elevated endogenous IL-3 and IL-6 cord blood levels in infection-free premature and mature neonates may reflect their possible role for expansion of haematopoietic progenitor cells, granulocytes and monocytes. Within the erythroid lineage a synergistic action of IL-3, IL-6 and EPO can be assumed. To identify the regulatory role in fetal haematopoietic expansion cord blood plasma levels of these haematopoietic growth factors were assessed in 19 premature and 20 mature infants using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-amplified sensitivity immuno assay test kits. Peripheral blood IL-3, GM-CSF and EPO were studied in 5 and 10 premature infants respectively. Compared with cord blood levels we found a decline in EPO levels but no decrease of IL-3 and GM-CSF during the 1st month of life. We conclude that postnatal decrease in plasma burst-promoting activity levels in preterm infants is mainly explained by low postnatal EPO levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954082
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