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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 112 (1996), S. 112-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monosynaptic reflex ; H-reflex variability ; Fractal ; Supraspinal ; Spinal cord injury ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In our previous study, $${1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {f^\beta }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {f^\beta }}$$ -type power spectrum with the spectral exponent β significantly greater than zero was found in the variability of soleus H-reflex amplitudes. This result indicated that the H-reflex variability was time-correlated owing to fractal characteristics. Furthermore, it was also suggested that the fractal characteristics were generated at the spinal level. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the fractal nature of the H-reflex variability was influenced by the loss of supraspinal input. Six healthy normal subjects and seven patients with spinal cord injury participated in this study. Soleus H-reflexes were evoked every l s from both legs simultaneously (stimulation intensity: motor threshold) and 1050 successive amplitudes of the H-reflex were recorded. The H-reflex sequence evoked from each leg was analyzed by “coarse graining spectral analysis” to calculate the spectral exponent β. The value of β was used to evaluate the level of time-correlation (fractal correlation). Cross-spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degree of synchronization between the H-reflex sequences evoked from both legs. The β values for normal subjects (0.84±0.33, left leg; 0.88±0.34, right leg) were significantly greater (P〈0.001) than those for patients (0.31±0.18, left leg; 0.32±0.14, right leg), suggesting that the H-reflex sequences for normal subjects were more time-correlated than for patients. In the frequency range less than 0.2 Hz, the coherence of both legs was high (0.41±0.14) for normal subjects as compared to 0.20±0.12 for patients (P〈0.005). In this frequency range, the phase was almost 0 rad for normal subjects, indicating that the H-reflex variabilities of both legs were synchronized. These results suggested that (1) the strong fractal correlation observed in the H-reflex sequences for normal subjects was associated with supraspinal input, and (2) such supraspinal input had equal influence on the reflex arcs of the soleus of both legs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia ; local cerebral blood flow ; ischaemic damage ; PDBu binding activity ; duration of middle cerebral artery occlusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The alterations of the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF),3 H-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding activity were measured, and histological findings were also examined during the closed time course (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 hour) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat brain to assess the complex pathophysiology of acute focal ischaemia. From 1 to 3 hours after the start of MCAO, significant (p 〈 0.01) hyperreactivity of the second messenger system involving PDBu binding may be present, despite low perfusion of LCBF, and severe damage in the striatum whereas sparing almost completely the cortex on histological examination. At 5 hours, the PDBu binding activity increased slightly but not significantly but is reduced markedly at 7 hours after MCAO compared with the control group. The measurement of PDBu binding activity, additionally to measuring the LCBF and observation of the histological change might be a useful indicator in determining the threshold and duration of ischaemia which cause functionally irreversible cell damage in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Beta interferon therapy was given to seven chronic hepatitis C patients with haemophilia or other haemorrhagic disorders who had received clotting factor replacement therapy. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ranged from 82 to 275 UL-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA ranged from 106 to 109 copies mL-1. HCV-genotypes were I+II in one patient, II in one, II+III in four and IV in one. Patients received 6 mega units (MU) daily of natural type beta interferon by intravenous infusion for 6 weeks. In three of seven patients, the protocol was modified to intermittent administration because neutrocytopenia (under 500 × 106 L-1) developed in two patients and thrombocytopenia (under 50 × 109 L-1) was observed in one during treatment. No modification was necessary with regard to daily and total dose. All patients received administration without any haemorrhagic complications. Six of seven patients showed improvement in serum ALT levels, and one of the patients showed normalization of ALT levels for 6 months after treatment. HCV-RNA disappeared in four patients by the end of treatment, although no one remained negative 6 months after treatment. The results of our study were similar to those reported in previous papers which described the use of alpha interferon in haemophiliacs. The reason none of the patients showed sustained loss of HCV-RNA after therapy might be associated with high HCV-RNA levels, characteristics of the HCV-genotype and prolonged duration of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 4075-4077 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical degradation of AlInAs/GaInAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) due to the fluorine contamination is quantitatively explained through the comprehensive annealing experiments and bias-temperature tests. The thermal degradation rate is found to be mainly determined by the following electrochemical reaction of fluorine with donor species after the quite fast diffusion of fluorine into the AlInAs layer. It is also confirmed that the thermal degradation is stringently affected by the electric field resulting in the one-sided degradation near the anode. These findings are valuable knowledges in improving the reliability of AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT under the dc accelerated life test at high temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 25 (1996), S. 133-136 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three kinds of dimers (one homo-dimer of β-CD and two kinds of hetero-dimers of α-CCD and β-CD) were synthesized as artificial hydrolases. The dimers were prepared by the condensation of 6-deoxy-6-(l-histidylamino)-cyclodextrin and 6 (carboxymethylthio)-6-deoxycyclodextrin with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The enzyme-like activities were studied by measuring the rates for the cleavage reaction of some kinds of nitrophenyl alkanoates. They showed large acceleration ability and substrate specificity for the acyl chain length of the substrate.As the acyl chain length of the substrate was longer, the transition state was more stabilized by the dimers. The only homo-dimer showed allosteric behavior with 1.8 Hill constant, whenp-nitrophenyl methoxyethoxyethoxyacetate was used for the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The contributing factors for the conductivity enhancement in Na4Zr2Si3O12 by the dispersion of SbF5/(SiO2-Al2O3) have been confirmed. Theoretical estimations of the enhanced conductivity based on the space-charge formation and interfacial acid-base interaction showed lower conductivity than the observed conductivity of the composite. This means that the obtained enhancement includes the chemical and structural contributions of dispersed solid superacid particles such as change of density, crystal structure of the matrix, grain size and induced dislocation. These effects would also result in the formation of ionic defects leading to an increase in conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 19 (1996), S. 100-102 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Orbital reconstruction ; Blepharoplasty ; Local flap ; Myocutaneous flap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A modified technique of unipedicled orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap raised along an upper or lower blepharoplasty incision line for reconstruction of the orbital region is described. This procedure provides excellent aesthetic improvement in older patients with a standard blepharoplasty being performed on the other eyelid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 571-572 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 351-358 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The amine functionalization of an acrylamide copolymer was achieved via Hofmann degradation. The starting material, poly(acrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate), was synthesized by radical precipitation polymerization. Using this copolymer, Hofmann degradation at 0°C in a water-dioxane mixture was done using sodium hypochlorite and NaOH. The resulting hydrogel could be dissolved in water-tetrahydrofuran mixtures, and the cast film had a water content of 73%. It was found that the conversion to primary amine was lower, and the extent of a side reaction was higher, compared to those of an acrylamide homopolymer. This was presumed to be due to the lack of the neighboring group effect among acrylamide units since it was a random copolymer. Further modification of this polymer by reacting the amine group is considered to obtain the desired properties for biomedical applications. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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