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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case 23 nomination of precursory seismic quiescence as a significant precursor (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 79-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions Several cases of extremely strong quiescences have been investigated in great detail, and it was found that they are statistically highly significant and that they cannot be reasonably explained by catalog heterogeneity. Several additional cases of quantitatively measured quiescence have been documented. The method of measuring quiescence has progressed from using visual means to using a quantitative approach, and the understanding of the noise sources has significantly advanced during the last few years. Therefore I feel that quiescence is a real phenomenon and the method to detect it has matured to a point that is acceptable for the List of Significant Precursors, although considerably more work needs to be done to understand this parameter and its role in the earthquake generation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00945162
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoprotein composition in NIDDM: effects of dietary oleic acid on the composition, oxidisability and function of low and high density lipoproteins (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 667-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; low density lipoprotein fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the fatty acid composition which is altered in diabetes mellitus. This study examines the relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein oxidation. A group of nine non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients were compared to seven healthy control subjects before and after a high monounsaturated diet. Lipoproteins were isolated and oxidisability was measured by conjugated diene formation and lipid peroxide analysis. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. LDL cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in the diabetic patients was significantly higher at baseline and decreased after diet (p〈0.05) while oleic acid increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p〈0.05). HDL cholesteryl ester oleic acid was lower in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects (p〈0.05) before diet and it increased significantly after diet (p〈0.05). LDL lipid peroxides and conjugated diene formation were related to LDL glycation (r=0.46, p〈0.05 and r=0.49, p〈0.05, respectively). Both decreased following diet (lipid peroxides for diabetic patients from 476±30 to 390±20 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05 and for control subjects from 350±36 to 198±30 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05). HDL conjugated diene formation decreased in both groups after diet but only significantly in the control group (55.4±7.5 to 53.2±6.7 nmol/mg protein for diabetic patients and 45.8±6.4 to 31.6±4.8 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05 for control subjects). There was a positive correlation between LDL lipid peroxide formation and percentage of cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in LDL from diabetic patients (r=0.61, p〈0.05) and control subjects (r=0.91, p〈0.01). Fatty acid composition of LDL was reflected in the composition of HDL. In the presence of HDL lipoprotein peroxidation decreased. This decrease in lipoprotein peroxidation was positively related to the percentage of linoleic acid in LDL (r=0.71, p〈0.05). This study confirms the close relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and HDL and demonstrates the importance of the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fraction in relation to LDL oxidation in diabetes. Linoleic acid in HDL appears to be a protecting factor against oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418538
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1300-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p 〈 0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.3, p 〈 0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2 ± 2.2 % vs 42.4 ± 3.4 %, p 〈 0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8 ± 68.0 vs 213.2 ± 28.0 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2 ± 70.0 vs 340.2 ± 28.2 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6 ± 7.2 vs 22.3 ± 3.5 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05, increased total diene formation (502 ± 60 vs 400 ± 30 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2 ± 0.6 vs 5.1 ± 0.9 nmol diene · mg protein–1· min–1, p 〈 0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1300–1306]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401762
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoprotein composition in NIDDM: effects of dietary oleic acid on the composition, oxidisability and function of low and high density lipoproteins (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 667-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; low density lipoprotein fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the fatty acid composition which is altered in diabetes mellitus. This study examines the relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein oxidation. A group of nine non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients were compared to seven healthy control subjects before and after a high monounsaturated diet. Lipoproteins were isolated and oxidisability was measured by conjugated diene formation and lipid peroxide analysis. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. LDL cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in the diabetic patients was significantly higher at baseline and decreased after diet (p 〈 0.05) while oleic acid increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p 〈 0.05). HDL cholesteryl ester oleic acid was lower in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects (p 〈 0.05) before diet and it increased significantly after diet (p 〈 0.05). LDL lipid peroxides and conjugated diene formation were related to LDL glycation (r = 0.46, p 〈 0.05 and r = 0.49, p 〈 0.05, respectively). Both decreased following diet (lipid peroxides for diabetic patients from 476 ± 30 to 390 ± 20 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05 and for control subjects from 350 ± 36 to 198 ± 30 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05). HDL conjugated diene formation decreased in both groups after diet but only significantly in the control group (55.4 ± 7.5 to 53.2 ± 6.7 nmol/mg protein for diabetic patients and 45.8 ± 6.4 to 31.6 ± 4.8 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05 for control subjects). There was a positive correlation between LDL lipid peroxide formation and percentage of cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in LDL from diabetic patients (r = 0.61, p 〈 0.05) and control subjects (r = 0.91, p 〈 0.01). Fatty acid composition of LDL was reflected in the composition of HDL. In the presence of HDL lipoprotein peroxidation decreased. This decrease in lipoprotein peroxidation was positively related to the percentage of linoleic acid in LDL (r = 0.71, p 〈 0.05). This study confirms the close relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and HDL and demonstrates the importance of the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fraction in relation to LDL oxidation in diabetes. Linoleic acid in HDL appears to be a protecting factor against oxidation. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 667–676]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050494
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and dietary cholesterol in chylomicron production in diabetes (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 944-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Chylomicron composition ; apolipoprotein B48 ; microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine factors involved in chylomicron production in the streptozotocin diabetic rat, our hypothesis being that the synthesis of the chylomicron is abnormal in diabetes. Methods. Diabetic rats (n = 20) were paired with control rats (n = 20). Cholesterol emulsion was given by gavage and the lymph duct was cannulated. Lymph was collected for 4 h. Chylomicrons were prepared from the lymph by ultracentrifugation. Lymph apolipoprotein B48 was isolated by gradient gel electrophoresis and quantified by densitometric scanning. Intestinal microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA was measured by solution hybridisation nuclease protection, using a rat specific [32P]-labelled cRNA probe. Results. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol were greatly increased in diabetic compared with control animals (258 ± 77 and 8.9 ± 6.4 mg/ml vs 1.04 ± 0.37 and 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/ml, p 〈 0.0001). Lymph chylomicron triglyceride and cholesterol were also higher in diabetic rats (29.4 ± 27.3 and 0.28 ± 0.3 mg/h vs 16.8 ± 10.6 and 0.18 ± 0.09 mg/h, p 〈 0.05). Lymph chylomicron apo B48 was similar in the two groups. Intestinal microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA was higher in the diabetic rats (12.6 ± 3.2 vs 3.8 ± 3.0 amol/μg RNA, p 〈 0.0001) and there was a positive correlation between lymph triglyceride and microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA in the whole group (r = 0.65, p 〈 0.01). Conclusion/interpretation. The study shows that microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA is raised in diabetes without an increase in apolipoprotein B48 in the lymph suggesting that microsomal triglycerol transfer protein regulates chylomicron triglyceride content but not particle number. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 944–948]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051252
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1300-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2±0.4 vs 1.2±0.2 mmol/l, p〈0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9±0.1 vs 1.9±0.3, p〈0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2±2.2% vs 42.4±3.4%, p〈0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8±68.0 vs 213.2±28.0 Μg/mg protein, p〈0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2±70.0 vs 340.2±28.2 Μg/mg protein, p〈0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6±7.2 vs 22.3±3.5 nmol/mg protein, p〈0.05, increased total diene formation (502±60 vs 400±30 nmol/mg protein, p〈0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2±0.6 vs 5.1±0.9 nmol diene · mg protein−1 · min−1, p〈0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401762
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GM1-gangliosidosis in a cross-bred dog confirmed by detection of GM1-ganglioside using electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words GM1-gangliosidosis ; Ultrastructure ; Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry ; Diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The post-mortem diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases can be confounded by the unavailability of suitable material. Here we report the diagnosis of GM1-gangliosidosis in a cross-bred dog, from which only formalin-fixed brain was available, by a combination of electron microscopy and the detection of elevated levels of GM1-ganglioside within the tissue using the novel technique of electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of resin-embedded tissue revealed cytoplasmic inclusions (membranous cytoplasmic and zebra bodies) in brain stem and cerebellar neurons that were characteristic of a gangliosidosis. Glycolipids were extracted from the fixed tissue and analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Two major ions were detected, which corresponded to GM1 (d18:1–C18:0) and GM1 (d20:1–C18:0). Their identity was confirmed by comparison of their fragmentation patterns with those of authentic standards. The concentration of GM1 was approximately sixfold higher on a wet weight basis than in the brain of a normal control dog, confirming the diagnosis of GM1-gangliosidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000187
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    pH-induced alterations in stratum corneum properties (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 25 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Skin-cleansing compositions based on alkyl carboxylates (soaps) have a higher irritation potential than those based on syndet surfactants such as alkyl isethionates or alkyl ether sulphates. Contributing factors include inherent differences in the irritation potential of soaps and syndet surfactants, pH-induced changes in surfactant solution chemistry, and the direct effects of pH on the physical properties of the stratum corneum (SC). Past work has not directly addressed the effect of solution pH on the SC itself and its potential role in cleanser-induced skin irritation. In the current work, alterations to SC properties induced by buffered pH solutions and two strongly ionizable surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium lauryl ether sulphate, at different pH values are measured. By utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy we have directly measured physical changes in SC proteins and lipids. Our results indicate that SC swelling, which reflects alterations to SC structural proteins, is increased significantly at pH 10, compared to pH 4 and 6.5. The transition temperature (Tm) of SC lipids is found to increase at pH 10, compared to pH 4 and 6.5, suggesting a more rigid SC lipid matrix. Surfactants cause a further increase in swelling and lipid rigidity. Some aspects of what these results mean for SC physical properties as well as their implications to potential mechanisms of surfactant-induced skin irritation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00176.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pelvic tuberculosis: an uncommon gynaecological problem presenting as ovarian mass (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11593.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obstructive sleep apnoea and fetal death: successful treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 108 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00106.x
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