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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of bitterlings based on mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene of 27 species or sub-species of bitterlings showed that bitterlings comprise an Acheilognathus clade and a Tanakia-Rhodeus clade, partially supporting an earlier classification based on morphology and karyology. The monophyly of Acheilognathus is confirmed, but that of Tanakia and Rhodeus remains poorly resolved. Within the Tanakia–Rhodeus clade, all species or sub-species having a diploid chromosome number of 46 form a monophyletic group. Results support the hypothesis that evolutionary trends of bitterling karyotypes involve reduction from 2n=48 to either 2n=44 (by Robertsonian translocation) or 2n=46 (by non-Robertsonian translocation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00501.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of protrusive and lateral excursions of the mandible in children with the primary dentition (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study characterizes the mandibular protrusive and lateral excursions of children with primary dentition. With use of a Selspot® system, the protrusive and lateral excursions of nine children with the primary dentition and nine adults with the permanent dentition were measured and compared. This system was able to analyse the simultaneous movements of multiple points on the mandible of a subject in three dimensions. Furthermore, the system proved appropriate for use in young children because of the small burden imposed on them during the measurements. Using this subject-friendly system, the directions of the mandibular excursion for five reference points on the mandibular dental arch at each measurement distance (i.e. at 0.5 mm intervals) for three projected angles (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) were calculated. From the results it was found that the excursions of the primary dentition can move more horizontally and more forward with small descent compared with the permanent dentition. The underlying reason for these findings may be physiological growth, maturation, and adaptation of the occlusal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1998.00236.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesangial myofibroblastic transformation in steroid-dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    Medical electron microscopy 33 (2000), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-773X
    Keywords: Key words Minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Vimentin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) occasionally show frequent relapses with proteinuria after cessation of steroid treatment, even though no significant pathological abnormalities are found in the glomeruli, compared with those in nonrelapsed and good-prognosis cases of MCNS. To resolve this contradiction, we immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally examined a biopsied renal tissue of a patient who showed glomerular features of MCNS and frequent clinical relapses. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the overexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and vimentin in glomerular mesangial cells despite no mesangial cell proliferation, compared with nine nonrelapsed cases of MCNS. These facts may be an important clue to the investigation of the pathogenesis of steroid-dependent MCNS with frequent relapses. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical examination of ASMA and vimentin may be useful to detect mesangial myofibroblastic transformation that is not demonstrated in conventional light microscopy and immunofluorescence study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007950070009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An aldose redutase inhibitor prevents the intimal thickening in coronary arteries of galactose-fed beagle dogs (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1404-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Aldose reductase inhibitor, polyol pathway, diabetic macroangiopathy, galactose.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Although increased polyol pathway activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy, the relation with diabetic macroangiopathy remains unclear. Galactose feeding is known to stimulate the polyol pathway and to develop abnormalites similar to those in diabetic microangiopathy. Our study was conducted to investigate whether an activation of polyol pathway by long-term treatment with galactose produced morphological changes in coronary arteries of dogs and the effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat, was also studied.¶Methods. Dogs received either normal chow or chow containing 30 % galactose with or without epalrestat given orally (20 or 50 mg · kg–1). After 44 months, morphometric analyses of coronary arteries were carried out and the galactitol contents in aortas were measured.¶Results. The ratio of areas of the intimal layer to those of the medial layer, an indicator of intimal thickening, was statistically significantly increased in galactose-fed dogs compared with control dogs. Galactose-fed dogs had a remarkable accumulation of galactitol in their aortas. These morphological and biochemical deficits were reduced by treatment with epalrestat.¶Conclusion/interpretation. This report morphologically shows diabetes-like macrovascular abnormalities in galactosaemic animals, suggesting that polyol pathway hyperactivity is closely related to the development of diabetic macroangiopathy, which could be prevented by aldose reductase inhibition. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1404–1409]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance is associated with high plasma ouabain-like immunoreactivity concentration in NIDDM (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 792-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Ouabain-like immunoreactivity ; insulin resistance ; hypertension ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to elucidate the pathophysiologic significance of circulating ouabain as a link between insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension (HT) in NIDDM. Euglycaemic (4.5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinaemic (360–580 pmol/l) clamping was performed using an artificial endocrine pancreas. Plasma ouabain-like immunoreactivity (OLI) was determined by radioimmunoassay using a highly specific antibody to ouabain. HT was defined as systolic blood pressure 〉 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic 〉 90 mm Hg or being treated with antihypertensive agents. The values (mean ± SEM) of glucose infusion rate (GIR) and plasma OLI were compared among the four groups classified using IR and HT as factors. Group I (IR−/HT−, n = 15):GIR 7.20 ± 0.36 mg · kg−1· min−1, OLI 130.8 ± 20.9 pmol/l, which was not different from that in eight normal control subjects (7.69 ± 0.40 mg · kg−1· min−1 and 142.6 ± 32.3 pmol/l, respectively); Group II (IR−/HT+, n = 13): 5.89 ± 0.36 mg · kg−1· min−1, 172.5 ± 35.0 pmol/l; Group III (IR+/HT−, n = 14) 1.91 ± 0.28 mg · kg−1· min−1, 576.6 ± 161.5 pmol/l (p 〈 0.01 vs Group I and II); Group IV (IR+/HT+, n = 15) 1.79 ± 0.22 mg · kg−1· min−1, 703.1 ± 170.1 pmol/l (p 〈 0.01 vs Group I and II), respectively. Six of 57 NIDDM patients studied exhibited very high (〉 1500 pmol/l) plasma OLI concentrations, showed marked insulin resistance and were all hypertensive. When analysed as a whole, plasma OLI was negatively correlated with GIR (p 〈 0.001), but was not correlated with arterial blood pressure. These results demonstrate that plasma concentration of OLI is closely associated with the severity of IR but not with blood pressure elevation. It is, however, possible that in some fraction of NIDDM patients with insulin resistance, the elevation of blood pressure may be causally related to circulating OLI. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 792–797]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050354
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and linkage analysis of complement C3 and C4 genes of the Japanese medaka fish (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Complement ; C3 ; C4 ; Medaka fish ; Linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The thioester-containing complement components, C3 and C4, are believed to have arisen by gene duplication from a common ancestor, and the mammalian C4 gene resides in the vicinity of the C2 and B genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region. To analyze the evolution of both the complement system and the MHC, we determined the complete primary structures of two C3 genes, termed Orla C3-1 and Orla C3-2, and one C4 gene, termed Orla C4, of a teleost, Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), by analyzing cDNA clones isolated from a liver library constructed using the inbred AA2 strain. The deduced basic structures of Orla C3-1, C3-2, and C4, such as the subunit chain structure, the thioester site, and the proteolytic activation site, are similar to their mammalian counterparts. However, the catalytic His residue which greatly increases the rate of thioester reaction, is replaced by Ala in Orla C3-2, implying functional differentiation between two C3 molecules. Mapping analysis revealed a close linkage between the C3-1 and C3-2 genes, indicating that they arose by a local duplication rather than by a genome-wide tetraploidization. The C4 gene belongs to a different linkage group, and no linkage was observed among the C3, C4, Bf/C2, MHC class I, and MHC class II loci. These results suggest that the MHC class III complement region was established in the tetrapod lineage, or lost in the teleost lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesangial cell activation in the collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; α-Smooth muscle actin ; Type III collagen ; Myofibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy is a new disease entity of unknown pathogenesis, which is characterized by the deposition of type III collagen within the mesangial matrix. We have investigated a case in which many mesangial cells in the type III collagen-deposited glomeruli were α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) positive and showed an increase of subplasmalemmal filaments, indicating the activation and myofibroblastic transformation. It is suggested that the activated mesangial cells may synthesize the type III collagen deposited in the subendothelial space and mesangial matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050234
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