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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00352.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of sphingomyelin during the development of dorsal and tail epidermis of mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The water permeability barrier of the stratum corneum seems to be regulated primarily by lamellar bodies situated between the corneocytes; the lamellar bodies originate largely from polar lipid precursors, mainly sphingomyelin (SM), provided by the cells of the stratum granulosum via exocytosis of their lamellar body content. Objectives The aim of our study was to evaluate the cellular distribution of SM during development of the epidermis. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of SM in both adult and fetal mouse skin by a cytochemical detection method, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, using anti-SM antibody, a specific binding protein to SM (lysenin), and Nile red stain. In addition, we measured transepidermal water loss to estimate the barrier function of the fetal skin. Results We observed that SM was widely distributed from the basal layer to the granular layer in the adult mouse epidermis. An intense cytochemical reaction for SM was observed on embryonic day E14·5 of gestation just before the differentiation of the granular and squamous cells from the intermediate cells. The immunofluorescence indicating SM was detected in two regions, i.e. the most superficial zone of the granular layer and the upper spinous layer after the cell differentiation at the late gestational age. This distribution was not detected by conventional lipid staining, such as with Nile red stain. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that SM was mainly localized in the intercellular spaces of the adult mouse epidermis and in the intracellular vesicles without a complete lamellar structure in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells of E14·5 fetuses. It is well known that the formation of the structurally mature cornified cell envelope occurs at E15·5 of development. The skin of fetuses at E16·5 showed a definite barrier function. Conclusions These findings suggest that SM dynamics is related to the formation of the lipid envelope, cell differentiation, and epidermal barrier function during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04489.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of a global motion on field-reversed configuration (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An n=1 mode global motion on a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma is observed by means of a newly developed optical system. The deviation of the FRC from the coil axis reaches 20%–40% of the plasma radius. In order to push back the FRC to the equilibrium position, a multipole field (quadrupole or hexapole field) is applied. The n=1 motion can be easily controlled by the quadrupole field, the critical field strength of which is required to be about 15% of the confinement field. It is found that the n=2 rotational instability can also be stabilized by strength of the same order. The critical strength for the n=1 motion is theoretically obtained from a model such that the driving energy of the motion given at the formation phase balances with the work done by the multipole field. The theoretical estimation agrees within a factor of 2 with the experimental results. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1416880
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of treatment with nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, on muscular atrophy induced by hindlimb immobilization (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 12 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the prevention of calcium influx through L-type calcium channels contributed to the attenuation of muscular atrophy induced by hindlimb immobilization (HI) in a shortened position. Mice were divided into four groups (8 mice/group): control; nifedipine; HI; and HI with nifedipine. Mice received nifedipine at a dose of 5 mg/kg one day before and during the 8 days of HI. Quantitative alterations in the amount of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and actin proteins in the soleus muscle were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The weight of the soleus muscle decreased significantly by 40.8% (P〈0.05) and 27.0% (P〈0.05) after the hindlimb immobilization in the HI and HI with nifedipine groups, respectively, when compared to that of the control or nifedipine groups. Treatment with nifedipine alone appeared to have no effect on muscle mass or the amount of myofibrillar proteins. The level of MyHC proteins decreased significantly by 25.1% (P〈0.001) and 17.4% (P〈0.001) in the HI and HI with nifedipine groups, respectively. The level of MyHC protein in the HI with nifedipine group was significantly greater than that of the HI group (P〈0.05), although there were no significant differences in the amount of actin protein. These findings suggest that nifedipine treatment may have a beneficial effect on muscular atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120105.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marked swollen erythema of the face together with sicca syndrome as a sign for chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03936.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: prevalence and epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Japan (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Asian populations is reported to be lower than that in Western populations. However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of the disease is increasing, especially in Japan. Endoscopic studies show that the overall prevalence of reflux oesophagitis among the adult population in Japan is in the region of 14–16%. This is similar to the figure reported in Western countries. The increasing prevalence in Japan may be due to a number of factors including increasing awareness of the condition and improved diagnostic techniques. The majority of the diagnosed cases in Japan are mild and these account for the increase in prevalence of the condition. In contrast to the West, where the condition is more prevalent in male members of the population, there is a high incidence of GERD in elderly females in Japan. The increased incidence of kyphosis and osteoporosis in this population may lead to the development of hiatus hernia, a condition known to exacerbate the development of reflux disease. Furthermore, Japanese patients with endoscopically diagnosed GERD appear to be less likely to complain of typical reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and acid reflux than their Western counterparts. In view of the known relationship between asymptomatic GERD and the development of oesophageal cancers there is a strong case for increased vigilance in the detection of GERD in the Japanese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02220.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antioxidative agents on apoptosis induced by ischaemia-reperfusion in rat intestinal mucosa (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background & aim : We have previously demonstrated that ischaemia-reperfusion induces apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate that reactive oxygen species enhanced intestinal apoptosis after ischaemia-reperfusion, we examined whether antioxidants reduced apoptosis.Methods : Rats were infused through a duodenal tube with antioxidative agents, glutathione, rebamipide and dymethylsulfoxide during 2 h before an ischaemic insult. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion. Apoptosis was evaluated by percentage fragmented DNA (fragmented DNA/total DNA) and immunochemical staining.Results : Increase in apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa after ischaemia-reperfusion was attenuated by intraduodenal infusion of antioxidative agents, but was not completely abolished.Conclusion : Scavenging effects of the antioxidative agents attenuated increases in intestinal apoptosis, indicating that oxidative stress after ischaemia-reperfusion plays an important role in induction of apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.18.s1.16.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal Layer Reactivity in Hyperplastic and Metaplastic Lesions of the Bronchi as Studied by Lectin Histochemistry (2000)
    Springer
    Lung 178 (2000), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Basal cell hyperplasia—Stratification—Squamous metaplasia—Ulex europeus agglutinin-I—Peanut agglutinin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The relationship between squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchi has been the subject of controversy. We investigated basal cell hyperplasia, stratification, squamous metaplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma by means of lectin histochemistry with peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ulex europeus agglutinin-I, soybean agglutinin, and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin for all normal basal cells that are reactive. A basal layer stained with PNA was observed in basal cell hyperplasia, stratification, and squamous metaplasia, but this layer was not exhibited by squamous cell carcinoma. In hyperplasia and metaplasia, PNA staining was biased toward the lowest (basal) layer, whereas staining for the other lectins was more uniformly distributed across the layers. A PNA-positive basal layer may be important for the morphologic reversibility of the bronchial mucosa in hyperplastic and metaplastic lesions, and destruction of this layer may be associated with a progression from metaplasia to squamous cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004080000011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress and coping behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus (2000)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 37 (2000), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Diabetes mellitus ; Coping scale ; Stress tolerance ; Diabetes education ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a disease which must be controlled over the lifetime of a patient. We investigated the issues of stress and coping for diabetes mellitus which may influence self-management. In addition, we examined the association of these factors with blood glucose control, in order to review self-management instructions for diabetes mellitus. The study included 153 patients with diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into two subgroups: good-control group, comprising patients with glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) values less than 7.0%; and poor-control group, comprising those with HbA1c values of 7.0% or more. All patients responded to a questionnaire regarding stress tolerance, Jalowiec and Power's coping scale and awareness of diabetes mellitus. Stress tolerance was not significantly different between the good-control and poor-control groups. No significant gender differences in coping score were evident for the good-control group. However, in the poor-control group, the coping score in men was significant higher than that in women. The problem-oriented coping score for men in the poor-control group was significantly higher than that for the good-control group (p 〈 0.01). In a comparison of awareness of diabetes mellitus, the proportion of patients who replied that they were rigidly following diabetes treatment was higher in the poor-control group than the good-control group. Patients with diabetes mellitus may have a knowledge of the disease and a strong will to resolve problems. This is especially true for male patients in that their will appeared to be stronger, but they may not have the resolve to establish appropriate behavior patterns. In the future, methods for evaluating self-management should be included in diabetes education.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920070020
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and acrylamide using an amphoteric initiator (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 864-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization ; Amphoteric initiator ; Amphoteric latex ; Styrene ; Acrylamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St) and acrylamide (AAm) has been investigated in the presence of an amphoteric water-soluble initiator, 2,2′-azobis[N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-2-methylpropionamidine]hydrate (VA057). The kinetics of polymerization and the colloidal properties of the resulting latices were studied and compared with the cases using ionic initiators. When adopting the amphoteric initiator at pHs lower than 10, stable amphoteric poly (St/AAm) latices, evidenced by the electrophoretic mobility, were prepared directly. Meanwhile, almost the same conversion versus time curves appeared and there were no apparent differences in the final particle sizes for those polymerizations, whereas in the polymerization at pH 10, a much lower rate of copolymerization and a larger size of particles were observed. The surface charge density and the growth rate of latex particles produced with VA057 at pH〈10 were comparable to those of the particles with a cationic initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride, but were apparently lower than those with an anionic initiator, potassium persulfate, when the polymerizations were carried out under corresponding conditions. The number of initiator fragments incorporated onto the particle surfaces was independent of polymerization pH, except for pH 10. The abnormal performance of VA057 at pH 10 was attributed to its degradation due to hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000337
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