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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperglycaemia-induced subcellular redistribution of GLUT1 glucose transporters in cultured human term placental trophoblast cells (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords GLUT1, translocation, glucose, transport, hyperglycaemia, diabetes, trophoblast, placenta, pregnancy, electron microscopy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. We have recently shown that hyperglycaemia down-regulates the GLUT1 glucose transport system of term placental trophoblast. The reduction in GLUT1 protein alone was, however, not sufficient to explain the decrease in net glucose uptake, suggesting additional mechanisms. Therefore, we hypothesised that hyperglycaemia in vitro leads to a GLUT1 translocation from the trophoblast surface to intracellular sites.¶Methods. This was tested in our study by determining the subcellular distribution of GLUT1 in human term placental trophoblast (n = 5 placentas) cultured for 48 h with 5 compared with 25 mmol/l d-glucose in vitro using immunogold labelling.¶Results. Electron microscopic examination of cell profiles showed that 73 % of total GLUT1 molecules reside in the trophoblast plasma membrane under basal conditions. The reduced GLUT1 expression (–20 %; p 〈 0.05) after culture of the cells with 25 mmol/l glucose was accompanied by an internalisation of plasma membrane GLUT1, resulting in a loss of 40 % (p 〈 0.05) in cell surface transporter labelling. Western blotting identified a characteristically broad band between 55–65 kDa, confirming the specificity of the GLUT1 antiserum.¶Conclusion/interpretation. We postulate that in addition to down-regulating human GLUT1 protein concentrations, glucose exerts its autoregulatory effect on hexose transport in term placental trophoblast by altering GLUT1 partitioning between the plasma membrane and intracellular sites in favour of the latter. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 173–180]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age- and gender-specific differences in left and right ventricular cardiac function and mass determined by cine magnetic resonance imaging (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 438-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Heart – Magnetic resonance imaging – Heart function tests – Cardiac volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We examined possible age- and gender-specific differences in the function and mass of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles in 36 healthy volunteers using cine gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were divided into four groups (nine men and nine women in each): men aged under 45 years (32 ± 7), women aged under 45 (27 ± 6), men aged over 45 (59 ± 8), and women aged over 45 (57 ± 9). Functional analysis of cardiac volume and mass and of LV wall motion was performed by manual segmentation of the endocardial and epicardial borders of the end-diastolic and end-systolic frame; both absolute and normalized (per square meter body surface area) values were evaluated. With age there was a significant decrease in both absolute and normalized LV and RV chamber volumes (EDV, ESV), while LV and RV masses remained unchanged. Gender-specific differences were found in cardiac mass and volume (for men and women, respectively: LV mass, 155 ± 18 and 110 ± 16 g; LV EDV, 118 ± 27 and 96 ± 21 ml; LV ESV, 40 ± 13 and 29 ± 9 ml; RV mass, 52 ± 10 and 39 ± 5 g; RV EDV, 131 ± 28 and 100 ± 23 ml; RV ESV, 53 ± 17 and 33 ± 15 ml). Normalization to body surface area eliminated differences in LV volumes but not those in LV mass, RV mass, or RV function. Functional parameters such as cardiac output and LV ejection fraction showed nonsignificant or only slight differences and were thus largely independent of age and gender. Intra- and interobserver variability ranged between 1.4 % and 5.9 % for all parameters. Cine magnetic resonance imaging thus shows age- and gender-specific differences in cardiac function, and therefore the evaluation of cardiac function in patients should consider age- and gender-matched normative values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptomatic aneurysm of the proximal right subclavian artery: a rare ultrasound diagnosis (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 459-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Aneurysm – Right subclavian artery – Ultrasound – Duplex studies – MR angiography – Digital subtraction angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. True aneurysms of otherwise normal subclavian arteries are uncommon peripheral vascular anomalies. Most patients with subclavian artery aneurysms are symptomatic by presenting neurologic signs. We report a young woman who had an asymptomatic true aneurysm of the right subclavian artery assumed to be of congenital origin. This case is unique in that the aneurysm was in the extremely rare anatomic location of the right supraclavicular fossa between the origins of the right subclavian artery and the vertebral artery. Aneurysms of the right subclavian artery may represent a potential pitfall in conventional gray-scale ultrasound of the neck particularly the supraclavicular fossa. Differential diagnosis includes cervical cyst, pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum, vascular anomalies, struma, enlarged lymph node, as well benign or malignant neoplasms. Color duplex ultrasound should be performed as the method of choice for further analysis of suspected aneurysms. In this report the role of B-mode ultrasound and color duplex ultrasound is discussed in relation to digital subtraction- and MR angiography in confirmation of the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050076
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical screening for β6-integrin subunit expression in adenocarcinomas using a novel monoclonal antibody reveals strong up-regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in vivo and in vitro (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To analyse the expression of αvβ6, an epithelial integrin involved in wound healing and tumorigenesis, in various human carcinoma types.Methods and results : A new monoclonal antibody to the human β6 subunit, 5C4, was used to locate αvβ6 in 157 cancers of gastroenteropancreatic and 21 of lung origin. The data were validated by analysis of αvβ6 extracted from histological sections. αvβ6 integrin showed strongest expression in 34 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (mean score 2.88 ± 0.52), followed by 24 intestinal-type gastric carcinomas (1.45 ± 1.06) and eight lung adenocarcinomas (1.37 ± 1.1). Moderate expression was found in 31 diffuse-type gastric carcinomas (0.94 ± 0.83), seven duodenal adenocarcinomas (0.8 ± 1.34) and 26 colorectal adenocarcinomas (0.76 ± 0.71). Little αvβ6 was seen in seven liver cell carcinomas and six neuroendocrine tumours. Well-differentiated carcinomas expressed more β6 than poorly differentiated tumours. Peritumoral epithelial tissues where αvβ6-expressing tumours arose also expressed αvβ6. There was no correlation between expression of αvβ6 and its ligands tenascin and fibronectin in pancreatic and gastric carcinomas. Spheroid formation by pancreatic carcinoma cell lines led to αvβ6 up-regulation, but appeared independent of classical ligand binding to αvβ6.Conclusions : Our findings indicate that: (i) αvβ6 is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas; (ii) αvβ6-positive carcinomas originate from αvβ6-expressing tissues; (iii) αvβ6 expression in tumours seems to be regulated independently from that of its ligands tenascin and fibronectin; and (iv) in-vitro overexpression of αvβ6 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines accompanies spheroid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01919.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerosol generation system for development and calibration of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrumentation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3706-3713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An aerosol generation system is described that enables the production of precise mass flow streams of well-characterized, submicron-sized aerosol particles. A pneumatic-type nebulizer is used to nebulize aqueous solutions of dissolved metals, which subsequently dry in a gaseous co-flow, producing a gaseous stream of dispersed, fine solid particles with a known mass concentration. Gravimetric calibration of nebulizer demonstrates the precise nature of the device for aerosol generation. Representative iron-based (spherical) and titanium-based (nonspherical) particles are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Both aqueous metals form metallic oxides, namely, FeO and TiO, and the measured particle sizes are in the range 10–100 nm. The measured particle size and composition are used to calculate the size distribution of droplets produced by the nebulizer, which yield a mean droplet diameter of 524 nm. The nebulizer droplet distribution is well described by a log–normal distribution. Using the aerosol generator as a calibration source of aerosol particles for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, linear calibration curves were produced for titanium over mass concentrations ranging from 0 to 4425 μg/m3. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1391440
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered energy metabolism after myocardial infarction assessed by 31P-MR-spectroscopy in humans (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1323-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Heart ; Ischaemia ; MR imaging ; MR spectroscopy ; High-energy phosphates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The value of 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a possible tool to distinguish viable from non-viable tissue after myocardial infarction was analysed in humans. Fifteen patients 3 weeks after anterior myocardial infarction were studied with breath-hold cine MRI and 3D-CSI MRS (1.5 T system). 31P-spectra were obtained from infarcted as well as non-infarcted myocardium (voxel size 25 cm3 each). Gold standard for viability was recovery of regional function, as determined by a control MRI 6 months after revascularization. Ten age-matched healthy volunteers served as control group. No significant difference was found between the phosphocreatine to adenosinetriphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio of volunteers (SD 1.72 ± 0.31) and non-infarcted septal myocardium of patients. Cine MRI demonstrated recovery of regional function in 10 patients, i. e. 10 patients showed viable and 5 non-viable myocardium. In viable myocardium, the PCr/ATP ratio was 1.47 ± 0.38 (non-significant vs volunteers; p 〉 0.05). In the 5 patients with akinetic myocardium, PCr peaks could not be detected. Therefore, calculation of PCr/ATP ratios was not possible. However, a significant reduction of the ATP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was observed (2.92 ± 0.73 vs 6.68 ± 0.80; patients vs volunteers; p 〈0.05). The SNR of ATP of akinetic regions may predict recovery of function after revascularization in patients with myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical advances in ultrasound and MR imaging of carpal tunnel syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1043-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Wrist – Carpal tunnel syndrome – Peripheral nerves – MR imaging – Ultrasound – Comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the latest ultrasound-array technology to a conventional “high-resolution” transducer, modified MRI technique, and nerve conduction studies (NCS), in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In 19 normal wrists and 15 wrists with CTS, US with two different transducers was performed: a conventional linear-array transducer (LA) and a newly developed Multi-D linear-array transducer (MDA) were used. The US images were evaluated determining the swelling and the flattening ratios of the median nerve and correlated to respective findings in MRI (1.5 T) and to NCS. The NCS confirmed CTS in all 15 wrists. Measures of median nerve compression (swelling and flattening ratios) were significantly different in patients with CTS and controls (p 〈 0.01) with both types of US transducers and MRI. The MDA yielded higher correlation to MRI than the LA. Using critical values of 1.3 for the swelling and 3.4 for the flattening ratio, MRI, and US with the MDA yielded a sensitivity of 100 % each. Modern imaging modalities allow for an exact diagnosis of CTS even in cases with only slight median nerve pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000386
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computed tomography after lymphangiography in the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia with protein-losing enteropathy in Noonan's syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1591-1593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Noonan's syndrome – Intestinal lymphangiectasia – Pulmonary lymphangiectasia – Lymphangiography – CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Noonan's syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that may be associated with abnormalities in the lymphatic drainage. In this case of a 21-year-old man CT after bipedal lymphangiography confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasy causing protein-losing enteropathy in Noonan's syndrome by showing contrast-enhanced abnormal lymphatic vessels in the mesentery and the intestinal wall. Because of the benefit of diet in case of intestinal involvement, we recommend a thorough documentation of the lymphatic drainage with lymphangiography followed by CT, if clinical signs of lymphatic dysplasia, such as pleural effusions, lymphedema, or hypoproteinemia are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000384
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signalintensitätsbeurteilung motilitätsgestörter Myokardareale in MR-Spätaufnahmen nach Gabe von Gd-DTPA (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Herz ; MR ; Herzinfarkt ; Vitalitätsdiagnostik ; Gd-DTPA-Spätaufnahmen ; Key words ; Heart ; MR ; Myocardial infarction ; Myocardial viability ; Gd-DTPA-delayed enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: The aim of the study was to correlate delayed contrast enhancement of dysfunctional regions of the myocardium after injection of Gd-DTPA with the improvement of regional contractility 3 months after revascularization. Material and methods: Eleven patients with coronary artery disease and wall motion abnormalities underwent MR imaging before and 3 months after revascularization therapy (PTCA or CABG). Short-axis images were acquired using a cine gradient echo sequence. After revascularization, a representative slice was analyzed 14±1 min after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA using a T1-weighted turbo fast low-angle shot sequence. Improved systolic wall thickening 3 months after revascularization served as criterion of viability and was correlated with delayed contrast enhancement patterns. Results: After revascularization, 6 patients showed complete recovery of the dysfunctional area, 1 patient partial recovery, and 4 patients remained unchanged. All 4 patients with persisting wall motion abnormalities, 1/6 patients with recovery and the patient with partial recovery revealed a delayed enhancement. Conclusions: Three months after revascularization, delayed enhancement of dysfunctional myocardium is evident in patients without regional wall motion improvement, while the lack of delayed enhancement correlates with improvement of regional contractility.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Die Korrelation der Signalintensität motilitätsgestörter Myokardareale in Spätaufnahmen nach der Gabe von Gd-DTPA mit der Erholung der regionalen Funktion nach Revaskularisierung sollte untersucht werden. Material und Methode: 11 Patienten mit Koronararterienstenosen und Wandbewegungsstörungen wurden mit einer CINE-GRE-Sequenz in der kurzen Herzachse vor und 3 Monate nach Revaskularisierung (PTCA oder Bypassoperation) untersucht. Bei der Kontrolle wurde eine repräsentative Schicht im motilitätsgestörten Areal 14±1 min nach der Gabe von 0,1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA mit einer T1-w-TurboFLASH-Sequenz untersucht. Eine regionale Kontraktilitätsverbesserung wurde als vermehrte systolische Wanddickenzunahme nach Revaskularisierung definiert und mit der Signalintensität in Spätaufnahmen korreliert. Ergebnisse: Bei 6 Patienten erholte sich nach Revaskularisierung das gesamte motilitätsgestörte Areal, bei 1 Patienten partiell, bei 4 Patienten blieben die Wandbewegungsstörungen unverändert. Bei 4/4 Patienten mit persistierenden Wandbewegungsstörungen, bei 1/6 Patienten mit erholtem Myokard sowie bei dem Patienten mit dem partiell erholten Areal war ein spätes Enhancement nachweisbar. Schlussfolgerungen: Ein Enhancement von Myokardarealen in Spätaufnahmen nach der Gabe von Gd-DTPA 3 Monate nach der Revaskularisierung ist bei persistierenden Wandbegungsstörungen zu beobachten, wogegen das Fehlen eines späten Enhancements mit einer Verbesserung der regionalen Wandfunktion korreliert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR-Tomographie des Herzens (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 888-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herz-MR ; Myokardperfusion ; Myokardaktivität ; Kardialer Energiestoffwechsel ; MR-Spektroskopie ; MR-Koronarangiographie ; Natriumbildgebung ; Keywords Cardiological magnetic resonance imaging ; Myocardial perfusion ; Myocardial viability ; Cardiac metabolism ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Coronary angiography ; Sodium imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The introduction of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography has fundamentally changed radiological diagnosis for many diseases. Invasive digital subtraction angiography has already been widely replaced by noninvasive MR angiography for most of the vascular diseases. The rapid technical development of MR imaging in recent years has opened new functional imaging techniques. MR imaging of the heart allows simultaneous measurement of morphological and functional parameters in a single noninvasive examination without any radiation exposure. Because of the high spatial resolution and the reproducibility cine MR imaging is now the gold standard for functional analysis. With the improvement of myocardial perfusion and viability studies many diseases of the heart can be diagnosed in a single examination. MR spectroscopy is the only method which allows a view of the metabolism of the heart. New examinations for vascular imaging and flow quantification complete the goal of “one-stop-shop” imaging of the heart. MR imaging is the only diagnostic modality which allows a complete evaluation of many diseases of the heart with one technique, basic examination as well as follow-up studies. The very rapid improvement in MRI will overcome most of the limitations in the near future, especially concerning MR coronary angiography.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Einführung der MR-Tomographie hat zu einem tief greifenden Wandel der radiologischen Diagnostik vieler Erkrankungen geführt. Auf dem Gebiet der Gefäßdiagnostik wurde die invasive digitale Subtraktionsangiographie bereits weitgehend durch die nichtinvasive MR-Angiographie ersetzt. Die rasche technische Weiterentwicklung der MR-Tomographie hat in den letzten Jahren zusätzlich die Möglichkeit neuer funktioneller Untersuchungsverfahren eröffnet. Die MR-Tomographie des Herzens ist geprägt von der Kombination der gleichzeitigen Erfassung morphologischer und funktioneller Parameter durch ein nichtinvasives Verfahren ohne Strahlenexposition. Aufgrund der hohen räumlichen Auflösung und Reproduzierbarkeit ist die Cine-MRT der Goldstandard für die Funktionsanalyse. Mit der Weiterentwicklung der Perfusions- und Vitalitätsdiagnostik besteht jetzt die Möglichkeit der Abklärung vieler Herzerkrankungen in einem Untersuchungsgang. Die MR-Spektroskopie bietet als einziges Verfahren einen Einblick in den Energiestoffwechsel des Herzens. Neu entwickelte Verfahren zur Gefäßdarstellung und Flussquantifizierung runden das Gesamtkonzept der MR-Herzdiagnostik ab. Die MR-Tomographie bietet als einziges diagnostisches Verfahren die komplette Abklärung von Herzerkrankungen in einem Untersuchungsgang sowohl als Erstuntersuchung als auch zur Verlaufskontrolle. Durch die schnell fortschreitende Entwicklung werden noch bestehende Einschränkungen v. a. auf dem Gebiet der MR-Koronarangiographie in absehbarer Zeit gelöst werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050848
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