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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new sacrificial layer method of LIGA technology to fabricate movable part of a gripper (2000)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 6 (2000), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Movable microstructures are required for many applications in accelerator sensors, microvalves, micromotors, grippers and so on. With the LIGA technique, movable components can be fabricated directly by using sacrificial layer technology. This is considerably extended by the application of the LIGA technique. Normally thin metallic layers are sputtered onto an insulating substrate (e.g. silicon wafer or ceramic) and patterned by conventional photolithography and wet etching. They are used as a metalized layer and a sacrificial layer. The movable parts of the microstructures are positioned on the surface of the sacrificial layer, whereas the fixed parts are placed on the metalized area of the substrate. After stripping the resist and the sacrificial layer, the movable parts on the sacrificial layer are finished and the fixed parts remain firmly on the metalized layer. This process is rather complicated. A new technology to produce the movable parts is developed in our Lab. Firstly the normal LIGA process is used to make the sample with both metal and resist structures. The sacrificial layer pattern will be placed on the sample surface with UV lithography. A metal layer is sputtered on the sample and sacrificial layer surface as a metalized layer. By electroplating, the metalized layer will grow up to the milimeter thickness and be used as the fixed substrate. Finally removing the nonmetal substrate, resist and the sacrificial layer, the movable parts could be completed. As an example, a magnetic gripper structure is designed and fabricated by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050186
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of gamma satellite DNA on the human X and Y chromosomes suggests that it is not required for mitotic centromere function (2000)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 109 (2000), S. 381-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The bulk of the DNA found at human centromeres is composed of tandemly arranged repeats, the most abundant of which is alpha satellite. Other human centromeric repetitive families have been identified, one of the more recent being gamma satellite. To date, gamma satellite DNAs have been reported at the centromeres of human chromosomes 8 and X. Here, we show that gamma-X satellite DNA is not interspersed with the major DZX1 alpha-X block, but rather is organised as a single array of approximately 40–50 kb on the short-arm side of the alpha satellite domain. This repeat array is absent on two mitotically stable Xq isochromosomes. Furthermore, a related repeat DNA has been identified on the human Y chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation has localised this satellite DNA to the long arm side of the major DYZ3 alpha-Y domain, outside the region previously defined as that required for mitotic centromere function. Together, these data suggest that while blocks of highly related gamma satellite DNAs are present in the pericentromeric regions of both human sex chromosomes, this repeated DNA is not required for mitotic centromere function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120000095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized semirigid vibrating rotor target model for atom–poly reaction: Inclusion of umbrella mode for H+CH4 reaction (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 3081-3087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work, we present a generalized version of the semirigid vibrating rotor target (SVRT) model by including additional vibrational modes explicitly in the SVRT Hamiltonian. The inclusion of additional vibrational modes eliminates the uncertainty of fixing certain geometries of the target molecule as required in the basic SVRT model. This generalized SVRT (GSVRT) model was employed to study the benchmark reaction H+CH4 by including the umbrella mode of CH4. Influence of the umbrella mode of the reagent on reactivity is investigated. It is concluded that the inclusion of the umbrella vibrational mode of CH4 has only a small effect on the reaction from the ground state of the reagent, and essentially no effect from the excited C–H stretching vibrational state of the reagent. However, the initial excitation of the umbrella mode does give a sizable enhancement of reaction and reduces the reaction barrier by about 1.1 kcal/mol. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1494782
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of semirigid vibrating rotor target model to reaction of H+CH4→CH3+H2 (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 1802-1806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The SVRT (semirigid vibrating rotor target) model is applied to study the reaction of H+CH4→CH3+H2 using time-dependent wave packet (TDWP) method. Applying the basic SVRT model, reliable quantum dynamics calculation for any atom–polyatom reaction can be carried out in four mathematical dimensions (4D) only. In the current study, reaction probability, cross-section, and rate constant are calculated for the title reaction from the ground state of the reagent. The energy dependence of the calculated reaction probability shows oscillatory structures, similar to those observed in the H+H2 reaction. Those structures are generally associated with broad dynamical resonances and are washed out in the energy dependence of integral cross-sections due to summation over partial waves. Our calculated rate constant is in good agreement with experimental measurement. The present results demonstrate that the SVRT model for atom–polyatomic reaction provides a practical and accurate approach for studying chemical reactions involving polyatomic molecules. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.482013
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereodynamics and rovibrational effect for H+CH4(v,j,K,n)→H2+CH3 reaction (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 6497-6504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work, we employ the semirigid vibrating rotor target (SVRT) model to study the influence of rotational and vibrational excitation of the reagent on reactivity for the benchmark reaction H+CH4(v,j,K,n). The excitation of the pseudo H–CH3 stretching vibration of the SVRT model gives significant enhancement of reaction probability, consistent with the later position of the reaction barrier on the potential energy surface. The vibrationally thermal-averaged rate constant is much larger than the rate constant of the ground vibrational state. Detailed study of the influence of initial rotational states on reaction probability shows strong steric effect. The reaction probability is directly correlated with the angular distribution of the initial wave function determined by different angular momentum relationships among three vectors j, R, and r. The steric effect of polyatomic reactions, treated by the SVRT model, is more complex and richer than theoretical calculations involving linear molecular models. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462575
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and photoluminescence of ordered GaN nanowire arrays (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 5714-5717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large-scale of crystalline GaN nanowires (diameter∼50 nm) have been fabricated through chemical-vapor deposition in the nanochannels of the anodic alumina template. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction pattern investigations indicate that the nanowires are single crystal with hexagonal wurtzite structure. A typical scanning electron microscopy image and the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results indicate that indium nanoparticles only act as catalyst in GaN nanowires growth. At room temperature, photoluminescence spectrum of the GaN nanowire arrays shows a visible broadband with three peaks, which are located at about 363, 442, and 544 nm. The light emission may be attributed to GaN band-edge emission, the existence of defects or surface states, and the interaction between the ordered GaN nanowires and anodic alumina membrane. The growth mechanism of crystalline GaN nanowires is discussed. The method makes it possible to synthesize other nitride nanowire arrays. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1407005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrogradation of Starch Mixtures Containing Rice Starch (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Different starches often coexist in food systems. Starch retrogradation is the primary reason for quality deterioration of a food system during storage. This article addresses the retrogradation behaviors of several starch mixtures containing normal rice starch (NRS). Potato starch, tapioca starch, waxy corn starch, hydroxypropylated potato starch, hydroxypropylated tapioca starch, and acetylated tapioca starch were mixed with NRS. Starch suspensions were gelatinized and the relative solid content, (S′) measured by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, was used to characterize the retrogradation behavior of starch systems. The retrogradation behaviors of starch mixtures can be divided into two categories according to the additive or non-additive nature of S′, for which the concept “regional moisture content” was introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14149.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Artificial Neural Network to Predict Temperature, Moisture, and Fat in Slab-Shaped Foods with Edible Coatings During Deep-Fat Frying (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict heat and mass transfer during deep-fat frying of infinite slab-shaped foods coated with edible films. Frying time, slab half-thickness, film thickness, food initial temperature, oil temperature, moisture diffusivity of food and film, fat diffusivity through food and film, thermal diffusivity of food, heat transfer coefficient, initial moisture content of food, and initial fat content of food (mfo) were inputs. Temperature at the center (T1), average temperature (Tave), fat content (mfave), and moisture content (mave) of food were outputs. Four ANNs with 50 nodes each in 2 hidden layers with learning rate = 0.7 and momentum = 0.7 provided most accurate outputs, that is maximum absolute errors for T1 and Tave were 〈 1.2 °C, 〈 0.004 db for mave, and 〈 0.003 db for mfave. The predictions of mf varied linearly with mf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb09403.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface state generation after hole injection (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 328-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: After terminating electrical stresses, the generation of interface states can continue. Our previous work in this area indicates that the interface state generation following hole injection originates from a defect. These defects are inactive in a fresh device, but can be excited by hole injection and then converted into interface states under a positive gate bias after hole injection. There is little information available on these defects. This article investigates how they are formed and attempts to explain why they are sensitive to processing conditions. Roles played by hydrogen and trapped holes will be clarified. A detailed comparison between the interface state generation after hole injection in air and that in forming gas is carried out. Our results show that there are two independent processes for the generation: one is caused by H2 cracking and the other is not. The rate limiting process for the interface state generation after hole injection is discussed and the relation between the defects responsible for this generation and hole traps is explored. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline orientation effects on the electronic transport properties of LaMnOy thin films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4877-4879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown epitaxial and polycrystalline LaMnOy thin films on a LaAlO3 substrate by the off-axis magnetron sputtering technique and investigated the crystalline orientation effects on the electronic transport properties. Lattice mismatch, crystalline quality, resistivity, resistivity transition temperature Tp, and magnetoresistance (MR) in epitaxial films exhibit crystalline orientation dependence. The largest Tp and MR are observed in the (111) oriented films. In the polycrystalline films, the Tp is smaller than that of the (011)/(111) oriented films but higher than that of the (001) oriented films. The MR increases with decreasing temperature in contrast to that of the epitaxial films in which the MR experiences a peak near Tp. Oxygen annealing decreases MR and resistivity, and increases Tp in the order: (111)〈(011)〈(001)〈(polycrystalline). The above results suggest that the structure and composition of the epitaxial films improve in the order: (001)〈(011)〈(111). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1402665
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