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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Modern microsystem application is concentrated on the development of microstructured sensors and actuators in integrated devices. Examples of that approach are microoptical components for endoscopic surgery, sensors and micropumps in integrated liquid analysers for pollution measurements. Often microsystems replace normal systems like commercially available piston pumps by silicon made liquid pumps in the hope of reducing costs but there is a lack of finding new applications. In contrast our approach of combining special developed microcompartments constructed with transparent membranes or microsieves and microdosing systems based on the ink jet principle together with optical devices like CCD cameras allow to overcome a real bottleneck in the new field of evolutionary biotechnology, the problem of screening a huge number of samples at a reasonable price. The goal of this approach is to design new molecules like enzymes by means of Darwinian evolution i.e. mutation and selection. In applying the selection principle to self amplifying entities like cell populations, viruses or self-replicating molecules under controlled selection pressures there is an absolute need to process large numbers of these entities in parallel. Preferentially this can be done in arrays of different microstructured compartments. The selection process is designed that it leads to products which are optimized in regard of specific applications. Within the scope of this approach chemical products are deterministically synthesized in spatially adressable compartments by multihead microdrop systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Early SEPs ; P16 ; Source analysis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following median nerve stimulation, several monophasic peaks were recorded at the scalp in the 15–18 ms time range. Source analysis, using three different methods, modelled a source near the centre of the head with an orientation towards the activated hemisphere and a peak activity at 16 ms post stimulus. Magnetic recordings detected no signal in this time range, which confirmed a subcortical location of the source. From dipole localization it was not possible to assign the exact origin of the P16 source to either the subthalamic level or the thalamo-cortical radiation, because of the limited spatial resolution at the centre of the spherical head model. An estimate of the conduction velocity of the medial lemniscus pointed towards a subthalamic origin. The P16 source was preserved in two patients with a lesion of the thalamo-cortical radiation and the ventral thalamus. Further evidence for a subthalamic location of P16 was derived from the physical mechanisms generating far-field potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Until recently, the most appropriate technique of intubating a patient with a cervical spine injury has been the subject of debate. Tracheal intubation by means of the intubating laryngeal mask (Fastrach™), a modified conventional laryngeal mask airway, seems to require less neck manipulation. The aim of this study was to compare the excursion of the upper cervical spine during tracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy with that during intubation via the laryngeal mask (Fastrach™), by examination of lateral cervical spine radiographs in healthy young patients. The intubating laryngeal mask (Fastrach™) caused less extension (at C1−2 and C2−3) than intubation by direct laryngoscopy. Direct laryngoscopy is still the fastest method to secure an airway provided no intubating difficulties are present. However, in trauma patients requiring rapid sequence induction and in whom cervical spine movement is limited or undesirable, the intubating laryngeal mask (Fastrach™) is a safe and fast method by which to secure the airway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of soil moisture distribution on water uptake of drip-irrigated corn were investigated by simultaneously monitoring the diurnal evolution of sap flow rate in stems, of leaf water potential, and of soil moisture, during intervals between successive irrigations. The results invalidate the steady-state resistive flow model for the continuum. High hydraulic capacitance of wet soil and low hydraulic conductivity of dry soil surrounding the roots damped significantly diurnal fluctuations of water flow from bulk soil to root surface. By contrast, sap flow responded directly to the large diurnal variation of leaf water potential. In wet soil, the relation between the diurnal courses of uptake rates and leaf water potential was linear. Water potential at the root surface remained nearly constant and uniformly distributed. The slope of the lines allowed calculating the resistance of the hydraulic path in the plant. Resistances increased in inverse relation with root length density. Soil desiccation induced a diurnal variation of water potential at the root surface, the minimum occurring in the late afternoon. The increase of root surface water potential with depth was directly linked to the soil desiccation profile. The development of a water potential gradient at the root surface implies the presence of a significant axial resistance in the root hydraulic path that explains why the desiccation of the soil upper layer induces an absolute increase of water uptake rates from the deeper wet layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 805 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tacrolimus (FK 506) is a macrolide discovered in 1984 as a metabolic product of Streptomyces tsukabaensis. It has been used successfully in treating atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, lichen planus mucosae and pyoderma gangrenosum. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of FK 506 in 2 human skin inflammation models. FK 506 as Protopic® cream was tested (i) in a 4-day repetitive irritation test with 2 × daily application of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and (ii) in a UVB erythema model. The effect was evaluated visually and quantified by non-invasive bioengineering methods, namely chromametry and tewametry (TEWL). When FK 506 was applied 30 min after SLS irritation, an increased inflammation in comparison to controls was observed with all 3 methods, with only the TEWL data reaching statistical significance. 1 × daily application of FK 506 for 5 days, starting at the end of the 4-day irritation period, was without any effect. Similarly, no effect of FK 506 was seen in the UVB model. In conclusion, FK 506 was shown to enhance experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis and not to accelerate healing of irritant contact dermatitis and UVB erythema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids – Leucocytes – Thiopentone – Intracellular amino acids – High-performance liquid chromatography – Amino acid metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Previous studies have shown the inhibitory effects of thiopentone on polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PML) function. However, major biochemical mechanisms which have been involved are still unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate thiopentone's effects on intracellular amino acid metabolism in PML using both advanced PML separation – and HPLC techniques, especially developed for this purpose and precisely validated in our institute. Overall, our study indicates important dose-dependent alterations of free intracellular amino acid metabolism following thiopentone treatment and draw attention to the biochemical mechanisms which may be involved in both thiopentone-induced modulation in PML function and cellular immunocompetence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 98-100 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Central venous catheter – Pericardial tamponade – Echocardiography – Pericardiocentesis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Zentraler Venenkatheter – Herzbeuteltamponade – Echokardiographie – Perikarddrainage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Anhand einer Kasuistik wird eine Herzbeuteltamponade bei Anlage eines zentralen Venenkatheters via V. subclavia beschrieben. Zur Senkung der hohen Letalität dieser seltenen Komplikation werden schnell durchzuführende diagnostische Maßnahmen sowie die adäquate Therapie der Perikarddrainage angegeben. Nur die Kenntnis dieser schwerwiegenden Komplikation als mögliche Ursache einer akuten Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustands des Patienten bei Anlage eines zentralen Venenkatheters entscheidet über das Überleben des Patienten.
    Notes: Summary. A case report demonstrates the complication of pericardial tamponade during the installation of a central venous catheter via the subclavian vein. To reduce the high mortality of this rare complication, quickly applicable diagnostic measures and adequate therapy of pericardiocentesis are indicated. Prompt recognition and treatment of pericardial tamponade are imperative if a disastrous outcome is to be prevented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 41 (2000), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Herzinsuffizienz, Pathophysiologie ; Herzinsuffizienz, neurohumorale Aktivierung ; Herzinsuffizienz, RAAS-System ; Herzinsuffizienz, Remodeling ; Herzinsuffizienz, Zytokine ; Remodeling, Herzinsuffizienz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema In dieser Arbeit wird eingehend über die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen berichtet, die zur chronischen Herzinsuffizienz führen. Wie als grundsätzlich bekannt vorausgesetzt werden darf, haben sich auf diesem Gebiet in der letzten Dekade geradezu bahnbrechende Entwicklungen mit der Erforschung von Prozessen auf zellulärer Ebene ergeben: die neurohumorale Aktivierung und die Aktivierung des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems. Die Darstellung dieser Vorgänge, die schließlich zu den pathologisch-anatomischen Veränderungen und den pathophysiologisch faßbaren Funktionsstörungen und somit zu den klinisch dominierenden Symptomen der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz mit ihren charakteristischen Formen führen, werden ausführlich dargestellt. Sie stellen auch die Voraussetzungen für einen tiefgreifenden Wandel in der Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffuzienz dar. Die Arbeit über die Pathophysiologie steht mit Bedacht am Anfang dieser 2 Schwerpunkthefte des INTERNIST über Herzinsuffizienz. Wieder einmal wird ersichtlich, daß Grundlagen-, klinisch-experimentelle und pharmakologische Forschung, klinische Therapiestudien und Metaanalysen untrennbar zusammengehören, um neue Behandlungskonzepte durchzusetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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