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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between accumulation of advanced glycation end products and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human diabetic retinas (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 764-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Advanced glycation end products ; blood retinal barrier ; diabetic retinopathy ; Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine ; vascular endothelial growth factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both advanced glycation end products and vascular endothelial growth factor are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor causes retinal neovascularization and a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier; how advanced glycation end products affect the retina, however, remains largely unclear. The substance Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine is a major immunologic epitope, i. e. a dominant advanced glycation end products antigen. We generated an anti-Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine antibody to investigate the relationship between the localization of advanced glycation end products and that of vascular endothelial growth factor in 27 human diabetic retinas by immunohistochemistry. Nine control retinas were also examined. In all 27 diabetic retinas, Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine was located in the thickened vascular wall. In 19 of the 27 retinas, strand-shaped Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine immunoreactivity was also observed around the vessels. In all 27 diabetic retinas, vascular endothelial growth factor revealed a distribution pattern similar to that of Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine. Vascular endothelial growth factor was also located in the vascular wall and in the perivascular area. Neither Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine nor vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was detected in the 9 control retinas. Vessels with positive immunoreactivity for Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine and/or vascular endothelial growth factor were counted. A general association was noted between accumulation of Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p 〈 0.01) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p 〈 0.05). [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 764–769]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization in human diabetic peripheral nerve of Nɛ-carboxymethyllysine-protein adducts, an advanced glycation endproduct (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1380-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords AGE ; carboxymethyllysine ; diabetes ; peripheral nerve ; neuropathy ; immunohistochemistry ; electron microscopy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to elucidate in situ distribution of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) in human peripheral nerve and whether the reaction products were excessive in the diabetic condition. For the detection of AGE, immunoperoxidase staining was undertaken on peripheral nerve samples obtained from 5 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 5 non-diabetic control subjects. The anti-AGE antibody used in this study contained an epitope against Nɛ-carboxymethyllysine. Light microscopically, AGE localized in the perineurium, endothelial cells and pericytes of endoneurial microvessels as well as myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. At the submicroscopic level, AGE deposition appeared focally as irregular aggregates in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, pericytes, axoplasm and Schwann cells of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Interstitial collagens, basement membranes of the perineurium also reacted with this antibody. The AGE depositions were detected in both control and diabetic nerves, but were more intense in the latter. The excessive AGE deposition correlated with a reduction in myelinated fiber density. However, the localization of AGE was not directly associated with degeneration of nerve fibers and the link between AGE deposition and nerve fiber degeneration is yet to be determined. The present study thus demonstrated the excessive deposition of intra- and extracellular AGE in human diabetic peripheral nerve and strengthened the contention that the enhanced glycation may play a role in the development of diabetic neuropathy. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1380–1387]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050839
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advanced glycation end products-cytokine-nitric oxide sequence pathway in the development of diabetic nephropathy: aminoguanidine ameliorates the overexpression of tumour necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in diabetic rat glomeruli (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 878-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Advanced glycation end products ; aminoguanidine ; nitric oxide ; diabetic nephropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Advanced glycation end products are believed to contribute to diabetic microvascular complications by inducing glomerular damage but their role has not been fully clarified. In this study, we explain their central role in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide (NO) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat glomeruli. Methods. Localization of carboxymethyllysine, which is one of the chemical components of advanced glycation end products, glomerular expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and urinary excretion and glomerular production of NO2 –/NO3 – were examined at 0, 26, 51, and 52 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Therapeutic effects of aminoguanidine were also examined. Results. Carboxymethyllysine was detected in the mesangial area in glomeruli and it progressively accumulated during 52 weeks of observation. Immunohistochemistry and hybridization studies in situ showed that the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive cells was notably increased in diabetic rat glomeruli at 52 weeks. Further, this augmented expression paralleled intraglomerular expression of TNF-α and NO2 –/NO3 – in diabetic rat glomeruli. Treatment with aminoguanidine reduced the expression of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and intraglomerular NO2 –/NO3 – production. It also ameliorated proteinuria in diabetic rats. Conclusion/interpretation. This study showed that carboxymethyllysine possibly enhances the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by stimulating the expression of TNF-α in diabetic rat glomeruli. The carboxymethyllysine-cytokine-NO sequence pathway could be one of the major mechanisms in the development of diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 878–886]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051241
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure of U–Mo and U–W oxides investigated by means of high-resolution electron microscopy (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 821-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The potential of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) is demonstrated by the investigation of complex oxides with a general formula [UnMmO]- [MpO3p + l], M = (Mo, W). The HREM structure images of β-UMo2O8 agree well with the model derived from X-ray data. It is found that the γ- U3Mo20O64 sample considered earlier as a monophase appears in fact as a set of isostructural phases. The structure of these phases with MoO3 octahedral block width varying within p = 1-7 is derived from electron microscope images. Both regular and irregular substitution of cations and the formation of uranium vacancies in M-O rows are detected in γ-U3Mo20O64. Interstitial sites in the structures are detected, which can be occupied by extra U and W cations. The electron microscope images of vacancy rows give evidence for the finite length of some M-O rows. In this case oxygen dangling bonds at the ends of rows are supposed to be saturated by interstitial tungsten atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388004374
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly irregular stacking structure in r-BN pressed up to 7.7 GPa at room temperature (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4241-4245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural evolution in rhombohedral-type boron nitride (r-BN) pressed up to 7.7 GPa at room temperature is examined before and after pressing using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In the starting state, r-BN is in a platelike form with some folding. The plates consist of an almost perfect 3R structure. After pressing, a large number of stacking faults is formed and causes mixing of 3R and 2H in a few areas and a highly irregular stacking structure in most areas. This means that the coherent slip due to shearing between sp2 sheets is the dominant deformation mechanism in r-BN under high pressure at room temperature. All of these structures cause a broadening of the x-ray diffraction peaks. In some plates, the 2H structure is found in a relatively large area. It has a hexagonal lattice with the stacking sequence of ...ABAB... and lattice constants of a=0.25 nm and c=0.67 nm. The structural evolution in r-BN revealed after pressing is in contrast to that in hexagonal-type BN, in which twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism that introduces the folding of plates under high pressure at high temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366230
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulated-Crystal Model for the Twelvefold Quasicrystal Ta62Te38 (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 31 (1998), S. 634-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A transmission electron microscopy study reveals that the so-called twelvefold quasicrystal Ta62Te38 is a crystal subjected to structure modulation. It is composed of two incommensurate layers rotated by 30° to each other about their normal. High-resolution electron microscope images show the formation of commensurate domains and their discommensuration. The observed electron diffraction patterns may be explained by a kinematical calculation for the commensurate cell, designated as a 7 × 7 cell. The modulation is considered to be due to the rearrangement of atomic vacancies in response to the occurrence of charge-density waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889898003008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructures in High-Tc Bi-based Superconductors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: microstructure ; high-Tc Bi-based superconductor ; electron microscopy ; sol-gel ; preparation ; amorphization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Microstructures of high-Tc Bi-based superconductors in a disk form and a tape form sheathed by Ag are examined by SEM and TEM. The disk specimens were prepared by the sol-gel method and are compact with few cavities. Bi-2212 or Bi-2223 grains grow with short heating times leading to rapid increases in magnetization. However, magnetization drops with further heating due to the formation of 2201 areas in the 2212 matrix or 2212 areas in the 2223 matrix together with the amorphization within the matrix. In the tape specimens prepared by conventional powder processing methods, thin plate-like grains grow large with some cavities among them. The Jc increases together with the grain growth and then drops slowly as the amorphization of the grains occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008617203463
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Textures in natural pyrolusite, β-MnO2, examined by 1 MV HRTEM (1986)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 42 (1986), S. 58-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768186098579
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of polyamines in gibberellin-induced development of seedless grape berries (1998)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 25 (1998), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: gibberellic acid ; grape berry development ; putrescine ; spermidine ; spermine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The roles of polyamines (PAs) in the development of seedless grape berries induced by gibberellin (GA3) was investigated. The development of seedless grape berries was stimulated by the application of putrescine (Put), but not by that of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), regardless of the presence of GA3. At harvest, the fresh weight of seedless grape berries treated with 500 ppm Put + 25 ppm GA3 and 500 ppm Put increased to 111 and 112%, respectively, of the control. Treatment with methylglyoxal-bis (guanyl hydrazone), a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase that plays a role in Spd and Spm synthesis, did not affect the development of seedless grape berries induced by 100 ppm GA3. The application of 100 ppm GA3 significantly increased endogenous free Put levels. Levels of free Spd and Spm were not affected by GA3. Although the levels of endogenous perchloric acid insoluble bound PAs were higher than those of free PAs, obvious changes in the levels of bound PAs were not observed. These results indicate that free Put is implicated in the development of seedless grape berries induced by GA3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006043116190
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and microstructure investigations of YB66 nano-particles prepared by plasma chemical process (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 4141-4145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nanocrystalline particles of YB66 were prepared by plasma chemical process, using starting powders of YB4 and B, and the morphology was examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The average grain size of the YB66 particles is less than 100 nm. All the YB66 nano-particles are cubic in shape, suggesting that they have been formed through a direct coagulation from a vapor phase. Facetting at the cube corners occurs in most particles. The [0 0 1] and [0 1 1] lattice images of a cubic particle with edge-length of 84 nm were obtained. The simulated and experimental images match very well. A considerable amount of coarse, nearly spherical YB6 particles and unreached boron were additionally found by HRTEM. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004453103149
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