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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocharacterization of Semiconductors by Scanning Photoluminescence Microscopy (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 63-64 (Dec. 1998), p. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/26/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.63-64.151.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of IL-10 on collagen-induced arthritis in mice (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: IL-10 ; Collagen ; Arthritis ; Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study we investigated the effect of a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, on the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Each DBA1/J mouse was immunized with 200 μg of native collagen and followed by booster injections at 3 weeks. rmIL-10 was injected i.p. daily at a dose of 100 ng/mouse. Mice were divided into four groups according to the administration period of rmIL-10. As a result, a 48-day course of IL-10 treatment significantly suppressed the severity of arthritis. Among the 4 groups, the most pronounced suppression was observed in the group in which IL-10 was given from day 0 to 21. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the serum IgG anti-type II collagen (CII) titers between the four groups. Moreover, the production of cytokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and other mediators (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO)) by peritoneal macrophages seemed to show no clear correlation with the severity of arthritis in mice. These results raise the possibility that IL-10 might be a useful agent for suppressing the progression and the development of CIA in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280992
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 on nitric oxide production by murine macrophages (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: IL-4 — IL-10 — Peritoneal macrophage — Nitric oxide (NO)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: To study the effect of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 on nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages.¶Materials and Methods: Elicited or resident peritoneal macrophages (PMO) and a macrophage cell line Raw264.7 were primed by IL-4 or IL-10 for 6 hours, and were further incubated in the presence of interferon (IFN)-γ and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 hours. NO2 - accumulation in the supernatant of cultured cells was used as an indicator of NO production and was determined by the standard Griess reaction adapted for microplates. The amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the culture supernatants was determined with a commercially available ELISA kit. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm with a microplate photometer.¶Results: IL-4 inhibited NO production by murine macrophages of different sources and the macrophage cell line Raw264.7. In contrast, different macrophage populations showed differential responses to IL-10. After stimulation with LPS or IFN-γ, IL-10 suppressed NO production by elicited PMO but enhanced NO production by resident PMO or by Raw264.7. Both IL-4 and IL-10 inhibited the production of TNF-α, which has been shown to play a crucial role in NO production. In the presence or the absence of blocking antibody to TNF-α, IL-10 always enhanced NO production by resident PMO. This result suggests that the inhibition of TNF-α production and the enhancement of NO production by resident PMO stimulated with IL-10 are independent, coexisting events.¶Conclusions: Factors other than TNF-α have been suspected to influence NO production by macrophages, and this study indicates that IL-10 may be a candidate cytokine for resident PMO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of HTLV-III on the macromolecular synthesis in HTLV-I carrying cell line, MT-4 (1986)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 175 (1986), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Upon infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-carrying human T-cell lines such as MT-4, HTLV-III, a probable etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused fast and strong cytopathic effects leading ultimately to the death of the cells. Such effects were preceded by the rapid induction of HTLV-III antigens. Cell lines not infected with HTLV-I could, however, be subcultured after infection with HTLV-III, although they were also positive for HTLV-III antigens. To understand this cytopathogenicity of HTLV-III in HTLV-I bearing cells, macromolecular synthesis, including DNA synthesis and total protein synthesis, and also IL-2 receptor expression were investigated kinetically. In infected MT-4 cells DNA synthesis was markedly inhibited by HTLV-III after the HTLV-III antigen synthesis became evident. This inhibition occurred before cell damage was detected in terms of viable cell-growth, but after induction of HTLV-III antigen. Puromycin, at 40 Μg/ml, caused no toxic changes in MT-4 cells over 3 days but prevented viral antigen synthesis and virus-induced cytopathic effect. Protein synthesis and IL-2 receptor expression were also inhibited at 4 and 5 days post infection. The degree of the effects and their kinetics suggest that they are the secondary effects of cytotoxicity by HTLV-III infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123869
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of retinoic acid on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in HTLV-I-positive MT-4 cells (1987)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 176 (1987), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitory effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication upon infection was studied quantitatively using a novel bioassay system with a HTLV-I-carrying human T-cell line, MT-4. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) The appearance of HIV antigen was significantly reduced when the cells were treated with more than 1 μg/ml of the chemical after infection. When HIV specific plaque assay was performed to titrate the virus from the supernatant of culture treated with 10 μg/ml of RA no plaques were observed. (2) When RA was applied directly in the plaque assay, significant decrease of the number of plaques was discerned showing 68, 66, 47 and 16, at doses of 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 μg/ml of RA, while 102 plaques were formed in the control dish. (3) The appearance of cytopathic effects of MT-4 cells by HIV was more delayed in RA-treated cultures than in untreated cultures. (4) Concomitant treatment of the cells with 5 μg/ml of RA and various concentrations of suramin resulted in the more effective inhibition of HIV replication than suramin alone. (5) RA did not inhibit the reverse transcriptase activity (RT) of HIV directly. These data suggest that RA inhibits HIV replication by inducing an antiviral state in the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196686
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (1988)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 177 (1988), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) was prepared. This was further fractionated by 50% ethanol precipitation and both the resulting product, E-P-LEM, and LEM were studied to evaluate their effect on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The experiments were performed using either a cell-free infection system with MT-4 cells, or a cell-to-cell infection system with MOLT-4 cells, which induces multinucleated giant cells very efficiently. E-P-LEM almost completely blocked both the cytopathic effect of giant cell formation and specific antigen expression due to HIV, whereas LEM before ethanol precipitation blocked the expression of HIV antigen in MT-4 cells only at a high concentration. Pretreatment of the virus with E-P-LEM before infection blocked HIV infection in the target cells. Thus, the inhibitory effect of LEM and E-P-LEM on HIV could be due to a blocking of the initial stages of HIV infection. Moreover, reverse transcriptase activity of avian myeloblastosis virus was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of polymorphisms within the human IL10 receptor cDNA gene sequence by RT-PCR RFLP (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 46 (1997), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050301
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of the interferon-γ receptor variant (Val14Met) with systemic lupus erythematosus (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 266-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) ; Genetic Polymorphism ; Susceptibility ; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ; Th1/Th2 balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic factors seem to play a significant role in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the amino acid polymorphism (Val14Met) found within the IFN-γ receptor gene (IFNGR1) plays a prominent role in susceptibility to SLE. We found Val14Met located at the COOH terminal of the signal peptide of the IFN-γ receptor. There was a significant difference in this polymorphism frequency between SLE patients and healthy populations. To clarify whether this amino acid substitution resulted in the alteration of the receptor function, we evaluated the induction of HLA-DR antigen expression on B cells by IFN-γ stimulation. There was also a significant difference in the induction of HLA-DR by IFN-γ stimulation between B cells. Furthermore, an intracellular cytokine assay indicated that the Th1/Th2 balance of Th cells bearing the variant receptor shifted to Th2. The genetic polymorphism found within the IFN-γ receptor gene (Val14Met) may result in a shift to Th2, and this shift may increase susceptibility to SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050492
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of dichlorosilane in male ICR mice (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Dichlorosilane ; Semiconductor ; Inhalation toxicity ; Respiratory tract ; Squamous metaplasia ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Using male ICR mice, the LC50 and acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2, DCS) and the fate of DCS released into the air were investigated. DCS resolved and minute particles including silicon and chloride were observed, when DCS was released into the air. Most particles were under 1 micron in diameter. The LC50 of DCS at 4-h exposure was 144 ppm (nominal concentration). In the acute inhalation study, ten mice in each group were exposed to 64 ppm (nominal concentration) DCS for 1, 2, 4 or 8 h. Body weight loss, wheezing and piloerection were observed in mice exposed for 2 h or more. Histopathologically, injury to the nasal mucosa and trachea were observed in all exposed mice. Mice exposed to 32 ppm (nominal concentration) DCS for 2 or 4 weeks also exhibited depression of body weight gain, wheezing and piloerection. Squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa and tracheal epithelium was observed in both 2- and 4-week exposure groups. Exposure to DCS was irritant or corrosive to the respiratory tract with both acute and subacute inhalation. Apart from silane (SiH4), toxic effects of DCS seem to be characterized by chloride compounds derived from DCS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050263
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal trajectories of posterior canal-activated secondary vestibular neurons and their coactivation of extraocular and neck flexor motoneurons in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axonal branching ; Vestibulo-ocular ; Vestibulo-collic ; Neck motoneurons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unit activities of 148 secondary vestibular neurons related to the posterior semicircular canal were recorded extracellularly in anesthetized cats. Axonal projections of these neurons were examined by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the excitatory target motoneurons of the contralateral (c-) inferior rectus muscle (IR) and bilateral (bi-) motoneuron pools of longus capitis muscles, neck flexors, in the C1 segment (C1LC). The neurons were classified into 4 groups according to their axonal projections. The first group of neurons, termed vestibulo-oculo-collic (VOC) neurons, sent axon collaterals both to the c-IR motoneuron pool and to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (72%) were located in the descending nucleus. The second group of neurons were termed vestibuloocular (VO) neurons and sent their axons to the c-IR motoneuron pool but not to the cervical cord. Most of them (86%) were located in the medial nucleus. The third group of neurons, termed vestibulo-collic (contralateral) (VCc) neurons, sent axons to the cC 1LC motoneuron pool via the contralateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. They were mostly (75%) found in the descending nucleus. The last group of neurons were vestibulo-collic (ipsilateral) (VCi) neurons, which gave off axons to the ipsilateral (i-) C1LC motoneuron pool via the ipsilateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. One of them also sent an axon collateral to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (74%) were located in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. It was also observed in some of the VOC and VCi neurons that they produced unitary EPSPs in the c-C1LC and i-C1LC motoneurons, respectively. Their synaptic sites were estimated to be on the cell somata and/or proximal dendrites of the motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271859
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