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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a microwave ion source for negative oxygen ion beam production (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4911-4915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A volume production type microwave negative ion source has been developed for negative ion beam processes such as ion implantation and ion beam deposition, etc. In order to increase efficiency of negative oxygen ion production, we employed a double plasma cell system in which two plasma cells were connected to each other. A high density primary plasma was generated in the first plasma cell with 2.45 GHz microwave power and negative ions were effectively generated in the second plasma cell. A filter magnetic field of about 0.1 T was applied on the second plasma cell to prevent diffusion of high energy electrons from the first plasma cell. Oxygen negative ion beams were generated by this method and the maximum oxygen (O−) ion current of 142 μA (current density: 325 μA/cm2) was extracted continuously from the ion source at an extraction voltage of 30 kV and a microwave power of 500 W. This value was three orders larger than that obtained by a single plasma cell system without the filter magnetic field. Molecular oxygen ions (O−2 and O−3) were also obtained at percentages of about 20% and 2% of the major O− ion intensity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the oxidation process on the electrical characteristics of oxidized nitride films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1140-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of the oxidation process on the electrical characteristics of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors were studied. It was found that electrical and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics are improved for the MOS capacitor with a wet oxidized nitride film over the N2O oxidized nitride film. The depth profile of the oxidized nitride film is also studied by Auger electron spectroscopy. It is observed that from the top surface of an oxidized nitride film of about 2 nm (nitride film oxidized in the wet oxidation process or in N2O ambient by rapid thermal processing), the level of oxygen is the same but, compared to a N2O oxidized nitride film, the level of nitrogen is greater in a wet oxidized nitride film. The improvement of the electrical and TDDB characteristics of the wet oxidized nitride film over the N2O oxidized nitride can be thought due to the increased amount of nitrogen from the top surface to a depth of nearly 2 nm of the oxidize nitride films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117084
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions with plasma-oxidized Al barriers and their annealing effects : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6691-6693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-geometrical Ni–Fe/Co/Al–AlO/Co/Ni–Fe/Fe–Mn/Ni–Fe tunnel junctions were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. To form the insulating layer, an Al layer was reverse sputtered in an atmosphere of either oxygen or oxygen–argon mixture at low power after deposition. The oxidization time necessary to form an AlO barrier was much shorter than that by natural oxidization, lasting for only a half to a few minutes. By adding argon to oxygen, the oxidization was slowed down and high MR ratios were obtained for a wide range of time. A magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of 16% was observed in the as-deposited junction when the barrier was oxidized in oxygen plasma for 35 s. In addition, the MR ratio increased to 24% by annealing at 300 °C. In as-deposited junctions, the tunnel resistances were increased by increasing the plasma oxidization time, but the MR ratios gradually decreased. The estimated tunnel barrier width increased and the barrier height decreased with the plasma oxidization time. After annealing, the MR ratio increased only for those junctions oxidized for short times. This suggests that the remaining Al between the AlO and the Co surface plays an important role in the effects of annealing. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367933
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PURINE NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM IN THE CAT BRAIN AFTER ONE HOUR OF COMPLETE ISCHEMIA (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Complete cerebral ischemia was produced in normothermic anaesthetized cats by clamping the innominate and the left subclavian arteries combined with lowering the blood pressure. After 1 h of ischemia, ATP was no longer present in detectable amounts. Total adenine nucleotides were reduced to 34 per cent of the normal level. The breakdown of guanine nucleotides was less marked, with small amounts of GTP still being present at the end of the ischemic period. In animals with signs of functional recovery after 3–7 h of recirculation, ATP was resynthesized to 62 per cent of the control level. Total adenine nucleotides increased to 68 per cent and the adenylate energy change—[ATP + 1/2 ADP]/[AMP + ADP + ATP]—was re-established to within 7 per cent of the pre-ischemic value. Radiochromatography of nucleotides following intravenous injection of [14C]formate indicated a marked enhancement of postischemic purine de novo synthesis. Purine nucleosides and free bases which accumulated during ischemia, were partially re-utilized by salvage pathways: adenosine was rephosphorylated to AMP by adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20); inosine and hypoxanthine were re-used via IMP in a reaction mediated by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04374.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual pathway of carbon cluster formation in the laser vaporization (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 8927-8932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The existence of two groups of carbon clusters in laser vaporization was confirmed by the covariance analysis and laser fluence dependence study. One is the clusters produced when the higher laser fluence is used, which most likely causes an atomization of graphite directly or very rapid-and-intense fragmentation of large carbon particles. And the vaporized atoms or small clusters grow to larger clusters by the confinement and clustering in the buffer gas. These clusters showed smooth ion distribution both for the cations and anions in the size region up to about a hundred. The other is produced when the laser fluence is lowered. These clusters showed the characteristic ion distribution with magic sizes at C60+,C70+ cations, and C10−,C12−,C16−,C18−,... anions. The origin of the clusters was suggested as the large hot clusters which lead to the fragmentation into these smaller clusters observed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475184
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in titres of IgE, IgG4 and other IgG subclass anti- Der p 2 antibodies in allergic and non-allergic patients measured with recombinant allergen (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The mite allergens are recognized as major causes of allergic disease such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. The functions of allergen-specific IgG subclass antibodies are not defined.Objective In order to clarify the relationship between IgE and IgG subclasses, we examined scrum levels of the Dermatophagoides pteronyssisus group 2 (Der p 2)-specific antibodies of IgH. IgG total and IgG subclasses in children with mite allergy.Methods We prepared a recombinant Der p 2 fusion protein and examined serum levels of Der p 2 antigen-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) systems developed in our laboratory using a recombinant Der p 2 as target antigen. Sera from 240 children with mite allergy and 25 controls were measured.Results The serum levels of specific IgE and, to lesser degree, lgG4 were higher in allergic children than non-allergic controls, while in the levels of the other IgG subclasses there was no difference between the two groups. There was no correlation between levels of specific IgF and IgG4 or in those between specific IgG4 and other IgG subclasses.Conclusion Results indicate that the induction of Der p 2-specific lgG4 in allergic diseases is independent to IgE as well as other IgG subclasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00055.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISTRIBUTION AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF MESALAZINE ON CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED COLITIS IN THE RABBIT (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. A controlled-release preparation of mesalazine microgranules (PentasaR; Ferring AS, Vanlose, Denmark) releases the active ingredient over a wide area from the small intestine to the rectum and is consequently expected to bring about therapeutic benefits to patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.2. Mesalazine microgranules (50 or 150 mg/kg per day) were administered orally to each rabbit with carrageenan-induced colitis for six weeks. Its inhibitory effect on colonic mucosal damage was assessed in terms of the microscopic damage scores, leukotriene B4 concentrations and concentrations of mesalazine derivatives.3. At the end of the experiment, the mesalazine 150 mg group had gained a significantly greater bodyweight than the control group. Microscopic damage was significantly lower in the 150 mg group than in the untreated control group. Tissue concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid and acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in the small and large intestine were higher in the 150 mg group than in the 50 mg group. Mucosal leukotriene B4 levels tended to be lower in rabbits receiving the larger dose of mesalazine.4. The present study indicates that slow release 5-aminosalicylic acid at the larger dose reaches the large bowel in sufficiently high concentrations following oral administration and significantly reduces carrageenan-induced colitis in the rabbit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02828.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posture correction as part of behavioural therapy in treatment of myofascial pain with limited opening (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, we applied cognitive behavioural intervention to subjects who had painful limited mouth opening, with or without posture correction in daily life. The efficacy of non-intervention control was then compared with it in order to study the effectiveness of posture correction as part of a biobehavioural therapy. The visual analogue scale (VAS) value of pain intensity at maximum mouth opening and disturbance in daily life sharply declined in the group which received only cognitive behavioural intervention and those who received it together with posture correction in daily life compared to the non-intervention control group although there was little difference between the intervention groups. Moreover, pain-free unassisted mouth opening was restored earlier in the group which had added posture correction. This suggests that posture correction in daily life has a positive effect in alleviating myofascial pain with limited mouth opening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00412.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of occlusal contacts with complete dentures during mastication using a 6-channel telemetry system: preliminary measurements (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to observe the incidence of occlusal contact with complete dentures during mastication using a 6-channel telemetry system whose accuracy had been improved. The telemetry system consisted of the transmitter unit and the receiver unit. The transmitter unit was embedded in the lower complete denture. This system detects occlusal contacts by the shift of frequency in 100 kHz. The transmitter allowed 6 channels for the occlusal contacts. The data was telemetered by a time division multiplex communication method. A special switch was designed to measure excursive movement on the occlusal surface. After careful occlusal adjustment, the special switches were inserted in the lower first molars. On the basis of preliminary measurements on a 64-year-old edentulous male, it appears that the width of the gliding on the occlusal surface at the lower first molar was mostly 0·2–1·2 mm and the majority of the excursive movements ended at the centric occlusal position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00479.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denture mobility with six degrees of freedom during function (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY The purpose of this study was (1) to assemble and verify a system to measure the three-dimensional (3-D) movement of the upper and lower complete dentures and the movement of the mandible simultaneously, and (2) to analyse the relation between denture movements and the path of closure of the mandible during function. A 3-D motion capture system with four infrared TV cameras was used for this purpose. The relation between the dentures and the mandibular movements was analysed through the change of the inner product of normal vectors of the denture occlusal planes and mandibular planes. The mandibular movements were classified into two types the normal stroke (the path of closure was on the ipsilateral side of mastication) and the reverse stroke (on the contralateral side). The results showed that the system could measure the denture mobility within a 0·3 mm error. The mobility of the upper dentures had a correlation to the path of closure of the mandible regardless of the working side or nonworking side, and the lower dentures had a tendency to move toward the working side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00273.x
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