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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1997), S. 714-718 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Oximes ; Sarin ; Soman ; Tabun ; Direct reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The direct reaction of seven pyridinium oximes with the nerve agents sarin, soman, and tabun was followed by a spectrophotometric method. The half-lives (t 1/2) of the oximes, the first- and second-order rate constants (k 1, k 2), and the maximal reaction velocity ( $\roundv $ max) were calculated according to changes in the absorbance of the zwitterion (betaine) peak. In all cases the reaction velocity of the nerve agents with any of the oximes was highest with tabun, followed by sarin and then soman. Comparing the reaction rates of three therapeutically used oximes with the same nerve agent, the highest rate was obtained for soman with obidoxime, for sarin with 2-PAM, and for tabun with HI 6. The maximal reaction velocities reveal that the detoxification of the nerve agents by direct reaction with oximes and the subsequent decomposition of the phosphonyl oxime in vivo do not substantially contribute to the therapeutic effect of these antidotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Gliomas ; intra-operative ultrasound ; tumour resection ; biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intra-operative ultrasound (=IOUS) is a suitable tool to detect residual tumour tissue after gross total resection in supratentorial gliomas. During a period of 18 months 45 patients with supratentorial gliomas (38 high-grade and 9 low-grade, according to the WHO-grading system [42]) were operated on. A series of 78 biopsies was taken from the resection cavity under continuous sonographic control at the end of surgery. Gross total tumour resection was intended in 34 patients (=76%). The biopsy specimens were matched with the sonographic features at each biopsy site. The sonographic appearance of the resection margins were classified into 2 groups: (1) Irregular hyperechoic areas extending from the cavity into the iso-echogenic brain tissue and (2) a dense small (≤3 mm in diameter) rather regular hyperechoic rim surrounding the resection cavity. 47 out of 53 biopsies taken from hyperechoic areas (group 1) (36 high-grade/11 low-grade) revealed solid tumour tissue (=89%). 34 (=72%) of these 47 areas were microscopically assessed as inconspicuous by the surgeon. 6 samples (4 high-grade/2 low-grade) contained tumour infiltration zone. 25 biopsies (23 high-grade/2 low-grade) taken from the hyperechoic rim [group 2] were diagnosed as follows: Normal brain tissue in 11, tumour infiltration zone in 8 and solid tumour tissue in 6 cases. Of 34 cases with “gross total removal” according to the surgeon's assessement 25 showed sonographic signs of residual tumour tissue, which was confirmed histologically as solid tumour tissue in 22 of these cases. It is concluded, that IOUS following resection of supratentorial gliomas can detect residual tumour tissue with high specificity and thus improve gross total resection. However, a thin hyperechoic rim surrounding the resection cavity (less than 3 mm in diameter) is a non-specific finding, which can mask thin residual tumour layers and therefore needs further evaluation of its nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) has the potential to provide new insights into matrix deposition in renal pathology. For example laser stimulated light emission from Kimmelstiel Wilson (KW) nodules emphasizes a difference between peripheral and central nodule contents, an observation matching immunoperoxidase studies, which fails to demonstrate high density of renal matrix proteins in the core.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 8 (1996), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This issue of the journal features the first part of a two-part serieswhich comprises Chapter 15 from Volume 1 of a recently published book 'AComprehensive Guide to the Manufacture of Printed Board Assemblies'*edited byW. MacLeod Ross. Volume 1, containing 800 pages, and Volume 2, scheduled to bepublished in the Spring of 1997 and estimated to contain around 900 pages, will, as far as thepublishers are aware, be the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of printed boardsand printed board assemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 9 (1997), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This issue of thejournal features the final part of a two-part series which comprises Chapter 15 fromVolume 1 of a recently published book 'A Comprehensive Guide to the Manufacture ofPrinted Board Assemblies'* edited by W.MacLeod Ross.Volume 1, containing 800 pages, and Volume 2, scheduled to be published in theSpring of 1997 and estimated to contain around 900 pages, will, as far as the publishers areaware, be the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of printed boardassemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 99 (1995), S. 7-54 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Computed tomography (CT) ; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ; late-onset depression ; late-onset paranoid disorder ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) ; normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) ; primary degenerative dementia ; psychiatry ; ultrasound ; vascular dementia ; white matter hyperintensities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An outline is given of some of the methodological issues discussed in neuroradiological research on psychiatric illness. Strengths and shortcomings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in depicting and quantifying brain structures are described. Temporal lobe anatomy and pathology are easily accessible to MRI, whereas limits on anatomical delineation hamper approaches to frontal lobe study. White matter hyperintense lesions are sensitively depicted by MRI, but specificity is limited. Distinction of vascular and primary degenerative dementia is considerably improved by CT and MRI analysis. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI have enhanced the understanding of treatable organic psychiatric disorders, e.g., normal pressure hydrocephalus. Subcortical and white matter pathology has been replicated in CT and MRI studies of late-onset psychiatric disorders, clinical overlap with cerebrovascular disease or neurodegeneration may be of import. Transcranial sonography findings of brainstem structural change specific to unipolar depression may contribute to the understanding of affective psychoses. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional MRI are likely to stimulate psychiatric research in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Acute myocardial infarction – thrombolysis – betablocker – ACE inhibitor ; Schlüsselwörter Akuter Myokardinfarkt – Thrombolyse – Betablocker – ACE-Hemmer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Myokardinfarktregister in Deutschland (MIR) ist ein multizentrisch und prospektiv angelegtes Register von konsekutiv eingeschlossenen, unselektierten Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt. Ziel des MIR ist eine Dokumentation der Entscheidungs- und Verordnungspraxis einer optimierten Infarkttherapie, bestehend aus rekanalisierender Therapie, ASS, Betablocker und ACE-Hemmer-Gabe. Von 12/96–5/98 wurden bundesweit 14598 Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt in 217 Krankenhäusern eingeschlossen. Von diesen nahmen 68 Kliniken aus den neuen Bundesländern teil. 65% der Patienten waren männlich, das mittlere Alter betrug 67 Jahre. Die Prähospitalzeit lag im Median bei 195 min, das Erst-EKG war bei 66% der Patienten diagnostisch. Eine rekanalisierende Therapie erhielten 46,1% der Patienten (hospitale Thrombolyse 36,2%; Primär-PTCA 9,9%). Als Begleitmedikation in der Akutphase wurden verordnet: ASS bei 90,3%, Betablocker bei 53,8% und ACE-Hemmer bei 52,5%. Die intrahospitale Gesamtmortalität betrug 15,4%. Im Vergleich zeigte sich in kardiologischen Fachabteilungen eine niedrigere Gesamtmortalität (13,8%) gegenüber den Krankenhäusern der Regelversorgung (16,1%). Als mögliche Gründe fanden sich der häufigere Gebrauch einer rekanalisierenden Therapie in Krankenhäusern mit kardiologischer Fachabteilung (54,3% versus 42,3%; p 〈 0,001) und das Vorhandensein eines Katheterlabors mit PTCA-Möglichkeit. Eine niedrigere intrahospitale Mortalität im Gesamtkollektiv war mit allen Therapiebausteinen der optimierten Infarkttherapie assoziiert: rekanalisierende Therapie (odds ratio 0,7; 95%-KI: 0,5–0,8), Gabe von ASS (odds ratio 0,6; 95%-KI: 0,5–0,8), Betablocker (odds ratio 0,6; 95%-KI: 0,5–0,7) und ACE-Hemmer (odds ratio 0,5, 95%-KI: 0,4–0,7). In dieser Analyse konnten Patienten mit schlechter Prognose – z. B. kardiogener Schock, Hypotension und/oder Bradykardie bei Aufnahme und Frühverstorbene –, die nicht der oralen adjuvanten Infarkttherapie zugeführt werden konnten, nicht berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluß der adjuvanten Therapie auf die Senkung der intrahospitalen Mortalität wird dadurch möglicherweise überschätzt. Im Klinikalltag ist einem repräsentativen Anteil von Krankenhäusern Deutschlands eine rekanalisierende Therapie in Kombination mit einer optimierten adjuvanten Therapie beim akuten Myokardinfarkt assoziiert mit einer Senkung der intrahospitalen Mortalität. Im Vergleich zu vorausgegangenen ähnliche Registern ließ sich der Therapieanteil der Betablocker und ACE-Hemmer deutlich steigern. Dies läßt sich mit der Teilnahme an einem Qualitätsregister, der Verpflichtung der Dokumentation, warum eine Therapie nicht gegeben wurde, und einer wiederholten und intensivierten Aufklärungsaktion der behandelnden Ärzte begründen. Den Empfehlungen zur Frühbehandlung des akuten Myokardinfarktes wird somit im Klinikalltag der überwiegend kommunalen Krankenhäuser zunehmend entsprochen. Myokardinfarktregister wie MIR reflektieren die tägliche Verordnungspraxis im Krankenhaus und beschreiben die Umsetzung der Ergebnisse großer randomisierter Studien in den Klinikalltag.
    Notes: Summary The “Myocardial Infarction Registry” in Germany (MIR) is a multicenter and prospective registry of consecutively included, unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of MIR is to document the actual praxis of decision making and prescribing of an optimized infarction therapy in AMI patients. Optimized infarction therapy is defined as the combination of reperfusion therapy and ASS, betablocker, and ACE inhibitor. 14,598 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included between 12/96 and 5/98 in 217 hospitals throughout Germany. 68% of the patients were male; mean age was 67 years. The prehospital delay time was 195 minutes in median, the first ECG was diagnostic in 66% of the patients. A reperfusion therapy was applied in 46.1% of the patients (thrombolysis 36.2%, primary PTCA 9.9%). During the acute phase, the following adjunctive therapy was used: ASS in 90.3%, betablockers in 53.8%, and ACE inhibitors in 52.5%. Intrahospital mortality was 15.4%. Compared to hospitals without cardiologists, the hospitals with cardiologist had a lower intrahospital mortality (13.8% versus 16.1%; p 〈 0.001). Reasons are the more frequent use of a reperfusion therapy by cardiologists (54.3% versus 42.3%; p 〈 0.001) and the availability of a catheter laboratory with PTCA facilities. A lower intrahospital mortality was associated with each therapy of the optimized infarction therapy: reperfusion therapy (odds ratio 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8), ASS (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8), betablocker (odds ratio 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.7) and ACE inhibitor (odds ratio: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7). However, patients with poor initial prognosis – such as cardiogenic shock, hypotension and/or bradycardia – could not benefit from the orally adjunctive therapy. This fact may have led to an overestimation of the influence on intrahospital mortality. In representative communal German hospitals, a reperfusion therapy in combination with an optimized adjunctive therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction is associated with a reduction in intrahospital mortality. Compared to previous registries, the application of betablockers and ACE inhibitors was clearly increased. Reasons could be the participation in a quality registry, the obligation to document why a therapy has not been given and repeated and intensified education of the treating physicians. Thus, the mainly communal hospitals in Germany are increasingly following recommendations about the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction registries such as MIR reflect daily prescribing habits in hospitals and describe the implementation of the results of randomized trials into daily routine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 106 (1999), S. 725-728 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Morphine ; Parkinson's disease ; dyskinesia ; akinesia ; modulation ; basal ganglia output.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In two patients with Parkinson's disease and L-Dopa induced dyskinesia we administered morphine orally to alleviate lumboradicular pain unresponsive to any other form of treatment. Besides an alleviation of the pain both patients showed a decrease in dyskinetic movements at very low doses of morphine and an increase in akinesia at higher doses. This observation indicates a modulation of basal ganglia output by morphine with the possibility of reducing L-Dopa induced dyskinesia in patients treated with morphine for pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Liver cell hypoxia ; Nitroimidazole imaging ; Fluorine-18 fluoromisonidazole ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fluorine-18 labelled fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) has been shown to accumulate in hypoxic tissue in inverse proportion to tissue oxygenation. In order to evaluate the potential of [18F]FMISO as a possible positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging of liver tissue hypoxia, we measured the [18F]FMISO uptake in 13 domestic pigs using dynamic PET scanning. Hypoxia was induced by segmental arterial hepatic occlusion. During the experimental procedure the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was set to 0.67 in group A (n=6) and to 0.21 in group B (n=7) animals. Before and after arterial occlusion, the partial pressure of O2 in tissue (TPO2) and the arterial blood flow were determined in normal flow and flow-impaired liver segments. Standardised uptake values [SUV=kBq tissue (in g) / body weight (in kg) × injected dose (in kBq)] for [18F]FMISO were calculated from PET images obtained 3 hours after injection of about 10 MBq/kg body weight [18F]FMISO. Immediately before PET scanning, the mean arterial blood flow was significantly decreased in arterially occluded segments [group A: 0.41 (0.32–0.52); group B: 0.24 (0.16–0.33) ml min–1 g–1] compared with normal flow segments [group A: 1.05 (0.76–1.46); group B: 1.14 (0.83–1.57) ml min–1 g–1; geometric mean (95% confidence limits); P〈0.001 for both groups]. After PET scanning, the TPO2 of occluded segments (group A: 5.1 (4.1–6.4); group B: 3.5 (2.6–4.9) mmHg] was significantly decreased compared with normal flow segments [group A: 26.4 (21.2–33.0); group B: 18.2 (13.3–25.1) mmHg; P〈0.001 for both groups]. During the 3-h PET scan, the mean [18F]FMISO SUV determined in occluded segments increased significantly to 3.84 (3.12–4.72) in group A and 5.7 (4.71–6.9) in group B, while the SUV remained unchanged in corresponding normal liver tissue [group A: 1.4 (1.14–1.71); group B: 1.31 (1.09–1.57); P〈0.001 for both groups]. Regardless of ventilation conditions, a significant inverse exponential relationship was found between the TPO2 and the [18F]FMISO SUV (r 2=0.88, P〈0.001). Our results suggest that because tracer delivery to hypoxic tissues was maintained by the portal circulation, the [18F]FMISO accumulation in the liver was found to be directly related to the severity of tissue hypoxia. Thus, [18F]FMISO PET allows in vivo quantification of pig liver hypoxia using simple SUV analysis as long as tracer delivery is not critically reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Fluorine-18 ; Bone graft viability ; Hip revision arthroplasty ; Positron emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The biological fate of allogenic bone grafts in the acetabular cavity and their metabolic activity after acetabular augmentation is uncertain but is most important for the stability of hip implants after hip revision arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to quantify regional bone metabolism after hip replacement operations. Dynamic [18F]fluoride ion positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate the metabolic activity of acetabular allogenic bone grafts and genuine bone, either 3–6 weeks (short-term group, n = 9) or 5 months to 9 years (long-term group, n = 10) after hip revision arthroplasty. Applying a three-compartment model, the fluoride influx constant was calculated from individually fitted rate constants (K nlf) and by Patlak graphical analysis (K pat). The results were compared with genuine cancellous and cortical acetabular bone of contralateral hips without surgical trauma (n = 7). In genuine cortical bone, K nlf was significantly increased in short- (+140.9%) and long-term (+100.0%) groups compared with contralateral hips. Allogenic bone grafts were characterised by a significantly increased K nlf in the short-term group (+190.9%) compared with contralateral hips, but decreased almost to the baseline levels of contralateral hips (+45.5%) in the long-term. Values of K nlf cor-related with the rate constant K 1 in genuine (r = 0.89, P〈0.001) and allogenic bone regions (r = 0.79, P〈0.001), indicating a coupling between bone blood flow and bone metabolism in genuine bone as well as allogenic bone grafts. K pat values were highly correlated with K nlf measurements in all regions. In conclusion, [18F]fluoride ion PET revealed the presence of an increased host bone formation in allogenic bone grafts early after hip revision arthroplasty. In contrast to genuine cortical bone, allogenic bone graft metabolism decreased over time, possibly due to a reduced ability to respond to the same extent as genuine bone to elevated metabolic demands after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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