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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of diatoms in the surficial sediments of the Mangyung-Dongjin tidal flat, west coast of Korea (Eastern Yellow Sea) (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 487-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the distribution of benthic diatoms and sediment characteristics of the Mangyung-Dongjin tidal flat on the west coast of Korea was investigated during June and July 1988. Diatoms were collected from the upper 5 mm of sediments at 60 sites along eight transect lines running perpendicular to the shore line. Of the 371 taxa encountered in the study area, 88% were pennate diatoms. Genera represented by the greatest number of species were Navicula, Nitzschia, Amphora, Cocconeis, Fragilaria and Achnanthes. The most abundant species were Paralia sulcata, Navicula sp. #1, N. arenaria and Cymatosira belgica; all were broadly distributed across the tidal flats. The 60 sites could be assigned to eight clusters with respect to similarity in species composition. Discriminant analysis showed that separation cluster was primarily related to the mean grain size of the sediment. The species could not be separated into groups based on similarities in occurrence; a high degree of spatial overlap was observed. The preferences of the more abundant species for grain size were, therefore, analysed by plotting numerical abundance against mean grain size. There were at least four patterns: species groups could be associated with finegrained sediments, those of intermediate size and coarser sediments and the last group showed no discernible pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350883
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NOS-like immunoreactive neurons express GABA-like immunoreactivity in rabbit and rat retinae (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 120 (1998), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide synthase ; GABA ; Retina ; Rabbit ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In rabbit and rat retinae, wholemounted preparations and 40 μm thick vibratome sections were processed for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and consecutive semithin sections were immunostained with anti-NOS and anti-GABA antisera, respectively. Two types of NOS-labelled amacrine cells were identified: type 1 cells with larger somata were intensely stained, and type 2 cells with smaller somata were weakly stained. A few displaced amacrine cells also showed NOS-like immunoreactivity. All these NOS-like immunoreactive neurons also expressed GABA-like immunoreactivity. Thus, nitric-oxide-containing neurons might constitute a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in rabbit and rat retinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050383
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of Müller cells after increased intraocular pressure in the rat retina (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 121 (1998), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Müller cell ; Increased intraocular pressure ; Retina ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Using light microscopy and immunocytochemistry, we investigated the morphological changes of retinal tissues and the reaction of Müller cells in the ischemic rat retina induced by increasing intraocular pressure. At early stages (from 1 h to 24 h after reperfusion), cells in the ganglion cell layer and in the inner nuclear layer showed some degenerative changes, but at later stages (from 72 h to 4 weeks) marked degenerative changes occurred in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). At 4 weeks after reperfusion, the ONL was reduced to 1 or 2 cell layers. Immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) appeared in the endfeet and distal processes of Müller cells as of 1 h after reperfusion. GFAP immunoreactivity in Müller cells increased up to 2 weeks and then decreased at 4 weeks after reperfusion. Our findings suggest that Müller cells are involved in the pathophysiology of retinal ischemia through the expression of GFAP. The degree of GFAP expression in Müller cells closely correlated with that of the degeneration of retinal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050476
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evolution of W nano clusters with increasing cluster size (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7402-7404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have recorded the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of nanometer-size W metal clusters prepared at different average cluster sizes. Nanometer-size W metal clusters were produced through a collision induced clustering mechanism of W metal atoms generated by decomposing W(CO)6 vapors. The XRD patterns clearly showed that structure changed from amorphous→face- centered-cubic (fcc)→body-centered-cubic (bcc) with increasing average cluster size. This implies that W metal clusters do not simply approach the bulk bcc structure but pass through an intermediate fcc structure before they reach the bulk structure, as predicted by Tománek, Mukherjee, and Bennemann [Phys. Rev. B 28, 665 (1983)]. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480063
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A design of a nanometer size metal particle generator: Thermal decomposition of metal carbonyls (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4366-4369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a method which can produce both pure and alloy nanometer size metal particles in a large scale. This method combines a thermal decomposition of metal carbonyls with a collision induced clustering. Metal carbonyls are thermally decomposed with a hot filament and resultant bare metal atoms undergo collisions to produce nanometer size metal particles. This method requires a very simple experimental setup even though it is a high efficiency production method. Using this method, we have produced, high purity Fe, Mo, and alloy Fe/Mo nanometer size metal particles. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150081
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric phase transitions and three-dimensional phase diagrams of a Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 system under a hydrostatic pressure (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 2815-2820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of hydrostatic pressure on various ferroelectric phase transitions in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) have been investigated using the thermodynamic formalism based on the Landau–Devonshire phenomenological theory. For these purposes, the rotostrictive coefficient related to the coupling between the tilting of oxygen octahedron and the stress was evaluated first. We have then simulated three-dimensional phase diagrams of the PZT system using composition, stress and temperature as the three independent thermodynamic variables. It has been shown that, with increasing tensile hydrostatic pressure, the para–ferro transition temperature increases but the transition temperature between the two ferroelectric rhombohedral phases (FR(HT)–FR(LT)) decreases, and the morphotropic phase boundary moves slightly toward the tetragonal-phase field. Contrary to these, opposite tendencies are predicted under a compressive stress. The thermodynamic computation of ferroelectric properties in the vicinity of the FR(HT)–FR(LT) phase transition further suggests that a first-order phase transition gradually becomes a continuous second-order transition with increasing tensile stress. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369600
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic theory of stress distribution in epitaxial Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3195-3197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A phenomenological thermodynamic model has been developed to account for the effects of the film thickness on various properties of ferroelectric thin films. To this end, we have suitably incorporated a position-dependent stress distribution function into the elastic Gibbs function. Various physical properties can be predicted as a function of the film thickness using this modified thermodynamic formalism. A comparison of the theoretical predictions with experimental values of the average strain and the para-ferro transition temperature indicates that the tensile stress caused by the cubic-tetragonal displacive phase transition dominates over the compressive thermal stress in the epitaxially oriented tetragonal Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125275
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amphoteric behavior of Sn in In0.5Ga0.5P layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2014-2018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sn-doped In0.5Ga0.5P epilayers, grown on semi-insulating (100) GaAs substrates by the liquid phase epitaxy technique, have been investigated using photoluminescence and Hall effect measurements from 15 to 300 K. The Sn dopant in InGaP shows amphoteric behavior with a compensation ratio of ∼0.4–0.6. Transitions involving shallow Sn acceptors have been identified through photoluminescence measurements for the first time and the ionization energy of Sn was determined to be 57 meV, which is in good agreement with the hydrogenic acceptor value. It was also found that the Sn shallow donor has an ionization energy 17–12 meV with increasing carrier concentrations through Hall measurements. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366931
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration dependent photoluminescence of Te-doped In0.5Ga0.5P layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4024-4027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence (PL) of Te-doped In0.5Ga0.5P epilayers grown by the liquid phase epitaxy technique has been investigated as a function of carrier concentration. The PL results are interpreted using a model taking into account nonparabolicity of the conduction band. Both the band filling as well as band tailing due to the Coulomb interaction of free carriers with ionized impurities and band shrinkage due to the exchange interaction between free carriers are considered in order to properly portray the observed features of the PL spectra. The theoretical calculations are in satisfactory agreement with the observed PL results. The PL line shape is well explained by a direct transition with a simple k-selection rule up to a carrier concentration of 2.0 ×1018 cm−3. Above the carrier concentration of 2.0 ×1018 cm−3, on the other hand, it is properly interpreted in terms of non-k-conserving transitions that arise from the indirect recombination of electrons in a highly filled conduction band. It was found that a concentration dependent gap shrinkage due to the exchange interaction in Te-doped In0.5Ga0.5P at 17 K is described by the relation Ece=2.34×10−8 n1/3 (eV). The concentration dependent effective mass has also been calculated using Kane's three band model. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365754
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport property of In0.5Ga0.5P layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1527-1530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependent Hall mobility and carrier concentration of In0.5Ga0.5P epilayers grown on (100) semi-insulating GaAs substrates by the liquid phase epitaxy technique have been investigated in the range of 77–300 K. The electron mobility and carrier concentration were of the order of 806 cm2 V−1 s−1, and 6.5×1016 cm−3, respectively at 300 K. The model (taking into account ionized impurity, alloy and space-charge scattering mechanisms) is considered in order to properly portray the observed features of the electron mobility results. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the observed results. The electron mobility was limited by ionized scattering up to 120 K and was also limited by alloy, space-charge scattering up to 300 K. It was found that the space-charge scattering has a stronger temperature dependence, T−1, than the usual T−0.5 and the In0.5Ga0.5P epilayer was heavily compensated for having an acceptor concentration of NA=8.5×1016 cm−3 with a compensation ratio of 0.5. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366861
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