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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-DRA promoter polymorphism and diversity generation within the immune system (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 801-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles exist at most class I and II loci. Polymorphism of MHC polypeptides may reflect either different levels of selective pressure operating on each molecule or different mutation rates at different loci. To gain further insight into this issue, we sequenced the non-coding promoter region of the HLA-DRA gene from several Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines and compared the extent of polymorphism found in this region with the known polymorphism of the HLA-DQB promoter. Our results indicate that the HLA-DRA promoter displays a low level of polymorphism while the promoter of HLA-DQB exhibits a nucleotide substitution rate fivefold greater than that of DRA. Moreover, through phylogenetic analysis, the HLA-DRA promoter was found to have diverged much less than the associated alleles of HLA-DRB1 and -DQA1. Taken together, these results suggest that the HLA-DRA promoter is highly conserved and may be under a stronger functional constraint than the promoter regions of other MHC class II genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050452
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Zonisamide ; CYP3A4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The purposes of this study were to identify the P450 enzyme (CYP) responsible for zonisamide metabolism in humans by using expressed human CYPs and to predict drug interaction of zonisamide in vivo from in vitro data. Methods: Ten expressed human CYPs and human liver microsomes were used in the experiments for the identification of enzymes responsible for zonisamide metabolism and for the prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data, respectively. Two-sulfamoylacetyl phenol, a reductive metabolite of zonisamide, was measured by the HPLC method. Results: From the experiments using ten expressed human CYPs, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were shown to be capable of catalyzing zonisamide reduction. However, an intrinsic clearance, Vmax/kM, of CYP3A4 was much higher than those of CYP2C19 and CYP3A5. From the point of view of enzyme amount in human liver CYPs isoform and their intrinsic clearance, it was suggested that CYP3A4 is mainly responsible for zonisamide metabolism in human CYPs. Zonisamide metabolism in human liver microsomes was markedly inhibited by cyclosporin A, dihydroergotamine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and triazolam. We estimated the possibility and degree of change of zonisamide clearance in vivo in clinical dose range from in vitro inhibition constant of other drugs against zonisamide metabolism (Ki) and unbound inhibitor concentration in blood (Iu) in clinical usage. Clearance of zonisamide was maximally estimated to decrease by 31%, 23% and 17% of the clearance without inhibitors i.e. ketoconazole, cyclospolin A and miconazole, respectively. Fluconazole and carbamazepine are estimated to decrease by 5–6% of the clearance of zonisamide. On the other hand, there may be lack of interaction of zonisamide metabolism by dihydroergotamine, itraconazole and triazolam in clinical dose range. Conclusion: We demonstrated that: (1) zonisamide is metabolized by recombinant CYP3A4, CYP2C19 and CYP3A5, (2) the metabolism is inhibited to a variable extent by known CYP3A4/5 substrates and/or inhibitors in human liver microsomes, and (3) in vitro-in vivo predictive calculations suggest that several compounds demonstrating CYP3A4-affinity might cause in vivo drug-drug interactions with zonisamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050442
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speech intelligibility following maxillectomy with and without a prosthesis: an analysis of 54 cases (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To statistically evaluate the factors that influenced speech following maxillectomy, the speech intelligibility (SI) in 54 patients was measured with and without a prosthesis. The mean SI score without a prosthesis in all patients was 35.7 ± 22.7% and that with a prosthesis was 84.9 ± 12.7%. The results of the postmaxillectomy SI statistical analysis revealed that an oro–nasal communication was one of the factors that influenced SI without a prosthesis. The resection of the anterior portion of the soft palate was one of the factors that influenced SI with a prosthesis, which suggested that for some of these patients we should consider specific surgical treatment, aimed at the reconstruction in the deep defect extending to the intratemporal fossa. A new classification of maxillary defects has been proposed which will help to predict the grade of postmaxillectomy speech disorder following surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00238.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and interleukin-2 receptor in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is characterized by severe ocular allergic inflammation that may have a poor visual prognosis. Due to the high frequency of the presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in VKC, most systemic parameters are dependent on the clinical severity of AD. Methods: Serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sIL-2R were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay using samples from 30 VKC patients, 30 allergic conjunctivitis (AC) patients, and 20 normal subjects, to determine whether the concentrations of these molecules are elevated. Results: Circulating sICAM-1 and sIL-2R levels were increased in patients with VKC with AD compared with those in VKC without AD, AC, and normal controls. Serum levels of sVCAM-1 in VKC patients with and without AD were significantly higher than those in controls. No significant difference was found in the levels of sVCAM-1 between patients with VKC with and without AD. In VKC patients with AD, the sIL-2R level correlated significantly with severity of AD, whereas no such correlation was found for sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. Conclusions: These results suggest that serum sVCAM-1 can be used as a marker to differentiate VKC from nonproliferative ocular allergic diseases, and specific immunologic features of VKC may underlie the upregulation of serum sVCAM-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00738.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase II study of cisplatin, oral administration of etoposide, OK-432 and radiation therapy for inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 3 (1998), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Stage III non-small cell lung cancer ; CDDP ; VP-16 ; Conventional radiotherapy ; Concurrent chemoand radiotherapy ; Accelerated proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of giving cisplatin, etoposide, and OK432 concurrently with conventional radiotherapy (RTx) for patient's with inoperable stage III, based on the TNM classification according to the International Union against Cancer staging system for lung cancer (1987) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. From January 1992 to December 1994,31 patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed stage III NSCLC were treated with RTx, to a total dose of 56–64 Gy, with concurrent daily oral administration of etoposide (25mg) and cisplatin (20mg) for 5 days during the third or fourth week from the start of RTx. The subcutaneous injection of 1 or 2 KE of OK-432, three times a week, for the duration of radiotherapy also started from the beginning of RTx. Results. The number of eligible patients was 29 (26 men and 3 women). Their mean age was 66 years (range, 55–77 years). Six patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0; 15, 1; 8; 2. Three were stage IIIA, and 26, stage ITIB. Histologically, 2 had adenocarcinoma, 23, squamous cell carcinoma, and 4, large cell carcinoma. In 27 of the 29 patients, the RTx schedule was completed. There were no treatment-related deaths. Grade 4 toxicity (according to World Health Organisation criteria) leukopenia (700/μl was observed in 1 patient. The response rate was 79% and the median survival was 17 months. Survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 62%, 31%, and 21%, respectively. The local failure rate was 51%. Conclusion. The combination of cisplatin, etoposide, and K-432, given concurrently with conventional RTx is feasible and effective for inoperable stage III NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low-Na+ diet enhances expression of mRNA for epithelial Na+ channel in rat renal inner medulla (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 756-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Inner medulla ; Inner medullary collecting duct ; Low-Na+ diet ; mRNA expression ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Reverse transcriptase ; Rat epithelial Na+ channel ; rENaC ; Na+ transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the renal inner medulla expresses mRNA for the rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) and, if so, to define its regulatory properties using a low-Na+ diet model. We detected α, β and γ subunit mRNA in rat renal inner medulla using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for rENaC α, β and γ subunits. Moreover, we have developed a specific probe for the α subunit using RT-PCR with rENaC α-subunit-specific primers. The resulting cDNA was verified by sequencing and was then used in Northern blot analysis of distal colon, whole kidney and inner medulla. The probe for the rENaC α subunit hybridized not only to distal colon RNA but also to inner medulla RNA derived from rats fed a normal diet. Furthermore, we examined the effect of a low-Na+ diet on α, β and γ subunit mRNA expression of rENaC using full-length cDNA as a probe. A marked elevation of rENaC α subunit mRNA abundance in the inner medulla was observed in response to a high plasma aldosterone concentration induced by dietary Na+ deprivation. On the other hand, neither β nor γ subunit mRNA expression was enhanced by a low-Na+ diet. From these results, it is suggested that rENaC is responsible for Na+ transport in the renal inner medulla and that is probably regulated via transcriptional control of the α subunit of ENaC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050462
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of weak shock waves along pseudo-perforated walls (1998)
    Springer
    Shock waves 8 (1998), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Key words:Weak shock waves, Sonic boom, Railway tunnel, Wall perforation, Holographic interferometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract. In order to attenuate weak shock waves in ducts, effects of pseudo-perforated walls were investigated. Pseudo-perforated walls are defined as wall perforations having a closed cavity behind it. Shock wave diffraction and reflection created by these perforations were visualized in a shock tube by using holographic interferometer, and also by numerical simulation. Along the pseudo-perforated wall, an incident shock wave attenuates and eventually turns into a sound wave. Due to complex interactions of the incident shock wave with the perforations, the overpressure behind it becomes non-uniform and its peak value can locally exceed that behind the undisturbed incident shock wave. However, its pressure gradient monotonically decreases with the shock wave propagation. Effects of these pseudo-perforated walls on the attenuation of weak shock waves generated in high speed train tunnels were studied in a 1/250-scaled train tunnel simulator. It is concluded that in order to achieve a practically effective suppression of the tunnel sonic boom the length of the pseudo-perforation section should be sufficiently long.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001930050108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal cell loss in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the superior central nucleus in myotonic dystrophy: a clinicopathological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Myotonic dystrophy ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Superior central nucleus ; Hypersomnia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative study of neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the superior central nucleus (SCN) was performed in seven patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD), five of whom showed hypersomnia, and in eight age-matched controls. The densities of neurons in the DRN and the SCN were significantly lower in MyD patients with hypersomnia than in MyD patients without hypersomnia and control subjects. There was an appreciable positive correlation in the density of neurons between the DRN and the SCN in all MyD patients. These data suggest that the neuronal loss of the DRN and the SCN is associated with the presence of hypersomnia in MyD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296355
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal cell loss in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the superior central nucleus in myotonic dystrophy: a clinicopathological correlation (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myotonic dystrophy ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Superior central nucleus ; Hypersomnia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative study of neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the superior central nucleus (SCN) was performed in seven patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD), five of whom showed hypersomnia, and in eight age-matched controls. The densities of neurons in the DRN and the SCN were significantly lower in MyD patients with hypersomnia than in MyD patients without hypersomnia and control subjects. There was an appreciable positive correlation in the density of neurons between the DRN and the SCN in all MyD patients. These data suggest that the neuronal loss of the DRN and the SCN is associated with the presence of hypersomnia in MyD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296355
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic Evolution of the Magnetotransport Properties of Bi2Sr2−x La x CuO6 with Carrier Concentration (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 117 (1999), S. 1117-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report that it is possible to obtain a series of high-quality crystals of Bi 2 Sr 2−x La x CuO 6 , of which the transport properties have been believed to be “dirtier” than those of other cuprates. In our crystals, the normal-state transport properties display behaviors which are in good accord with other cuprates; for example, in the underdoped region the in-plane resistivity ρ ab shows the pseudogap feature and in the overdoped region the T dependence of ρ ab changes to T n with n〉1. The characteristic temperatures of the pseudo-gap deduced from the resistivity and the Hall coefficient data are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022542827572
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