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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Low dose filgrastim in postoperative/posttraumatic patients at risk of and with sepsis may boost host defense by stimulating neutrophil function and simultaneously counteract progression of sepsis by improving an antiinflammatory cytokine response with protective effects on the endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Kaposi sarcoma  ;  Immunodeficiency  ;   KSHV  ;  Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 3-year-old boy of German descent suffered from two episodes of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis within 2 months. One month previously, the first skin lesion of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) had been observed behind his right ear. During the following 2 years KS disseminated not only mucocutaneously but also to visceral organs. Immunological evaluation revealed severe lymphocytopenia with reduced helper/suppressor T-cell ratio and impaired humoral immune response to pneumococci. Extensive laboratory tests gave no evidence for known immunocompromising infections. However, recently described DNA sequences from a Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) could be identified within skin tissue. As chemotherapy failed to stop tumour progression the patient was referred for bone marrow transplantation. Eighteen months later the KS is in remission and the patient in a good general condition. Conclusion The case supports the hypothesis that KSHV is involved in the aetiology of KS. Bone marrow transplantation is possibly a therapeutic option for KS in patients with immunodeficiency not related to human immunodeficiency virus infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The mechanical and vibration responses of 225-pin, 324-pin and 396-pin PBGA(plastic ball grid array) solder joints have been determined in this study. The effects ofoverload environmental stress factors on the mechanical responses of the solder joints have beendetermined by bending and twisting experiments. The effects of shipping and functional environmentalstress factors on the vibration responses of the solder joints have been determined byout-of-plane vibration experiments and a mathematical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 3 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Triple therapy regimens including two antibiotics plus acid suppression have become the new standard therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication because of success rates of about 90%. However, these regimens are still costly, duration is about one week or less, and side-effects are not negligible. We therefore evaluated a new quadruple therapy, because theoretically a shorter duration of treatment may result in reduced costs, fewer side-effects, and possibly in a lower potential for antibiotic resistances.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods.Controlled, prospective pilot study including H. pylori-positive patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers or erosive gastritis, treated after failure of dual therapy (proton-pump-inhibitors or ranitidine plus amoxicillin) or for the first time. They were assigned to a one week triple standard therapy, consisting of metronidazole 400~mg bid~ + omeprazole 20~mg bid ~+ clarithromycin 250~mg bid, or a newly created quadruple-regimen, which adds amoxicillin (1~g bid) to the above triple regimen. Each of the four drugs was given for 5~days. H. pylori status was checked by 13C urea breath test before and after four weeks of therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.A total of 71 patients were treated by quadruple therapy, and 42 patients were treated by triple therapy. The eradication rate of H. pylori for patients under quadruple treatment, without vs. with previous dual therapy, were 96% vs. 92% (42/44 vs. 22/24) by per protocol and 91% vs. 88% (42/46 vs. 22/25) by intention to treat analysis (comparisons not significant). No major side-effects were reported.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions.~Five-day quadruple therapy (with omeprazole, metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin) represents an effective and safe new regimen for H. pylori eradication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Tissue perfusion and mass transport in the vicinity of implant surfaces prior to integration or bonding may play a crucial role in modulating cellular activities associated with bone remodeling, in particular, at early stages of the integration process. Furthermore, fluid displacements have been postulated to transduct mechanical stress signals to bone cells via loading-dependent flow of interstitial fluid through the lacunocanalicular network of bone. Thus, an understanding and new possibilities for influencing these processes may be of great importance for implant success. An ex vivo model was developed and validated for investigation of fluid displacements in bone after endoprosthesis implantation. This model serves to explicate the effects of surgical intervention as well as mechanical loading of the implant–bone construct on load-induced fluid flow in the vicinity of the implant. Using this model, we intend to quantify perfusion and extravascular flow dynamics in the vicinity of implants and define optimal conditions for enhancing molecular transport of osteotropic agents from the implant surface to apposing bone as well as from the blood supply to the implant surface. Furthermore, the elucidation of main transport pathways may help in understanding the distribution of wear particles in bone surrounding implant, a process which has been postulated to cause osteolysis and implant loosening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 34 (1997), S. 664-674 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Neutrophil granulo-cytes ; infection ; sepsis ; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) ; Schlüsselwörter Neutrophile Granulozyten ; Infektion ; Sepsis ; Granulozyten Kolonien-stimulierender Faktor (G-CSF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bakterielle Infektionen und Infektionskomplikationen stellen für den Intensivpatienten nach wie vor eine Bedrohung dar. Trotz verbesserter Einsicht in die pathophysiologischen Abläufe konnte gerade die unkontrollierte und überschießende Entzündungsreaktion bisher therapeutisch nicht eingedämmt werden. Einen erfolgversprechenden Ansatz verfolgt der Granulozyten Kolonien-stimulierende Faktor (G-CSF), ein hämatopoetischer Wachstumsfaktor, der die Mobilisierung, Teilung und Differenzierung von myeloischen Vorläuferzellen zu neutrophilen Granulozyten positiv reguliert. Seit 1987 wird die rekombinante Form des humanen G-CSF klinisch mit Erfolg für die Behandlung der Chemotherapie-assoziierten Neutropenie, allen angeborenen Formen der Neutropenie sowie auch zur Mobilisierung von Vorläuferzellen für die periphere Progenitorzelltransplantation, eingesetzt. Da G-CSF auch Funktionsstörungen des neutrophilen Granulozyten behebt und darüber hinaus endogen bei bakteriellen Infektionen produziert wird, wird diesem Wachstumsfaktor eine wichtige Funktion bei bakteriellen Infektionen zugesprochen. In tierexperimentellen Infektions-Modellen konnte rhG-CSF das Überleben der Tiere signifikant steigern und reduzierte dabei die Produktion des Tumornekrose-Faktor-α. Bei gesunden Normalspendern zeigt rhG-CSF neben einer Steigerung der Granulozytenaktivität eine Hemmung proinflammatorischer Zytokine. Erste Studien bei Patienten mit Infektionen (Pneumonie) und bei chirurgischen Intensivpatienten haben gezeigt, daß die Therapie mit rhG-CSF keine zusätzlichen Komplikationen auslöst und möglicherweise den klinischen Verlauf positiv beeinflussen kann.
    Notes: Summary Bacterial infections still pose a threat to intensive care patients. The progression of an infection once contracted often leads to severe sepsis with subsequent organ failure and death. Despite better understanding of the pathophysiological course, the hyperinflammatory reaction cannot be retained. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) regulates the multiplication and differentiation of neutrophil precursors and modulates neutrophil function. Since 1987, recombinant human G-CSF (r-metHuG-CSF) has been approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, all forms of congenital neutropenia, as well as for the mobilization of progenitor cells for peripheral progenitor cell transplantation. Since G-CSF modulates the function of neutrophil granulocytes and since its endogenous production is induced by bacterial infection, it has been assumed to have an important role in bacterial infections. In animal models of infections it has been shown that rhG-CSF could significantly increase the survival rates and reduced the endogenous production of TNF-α. In healthy volunteers G-CSF improves the granulocyte function and has an anti-inflammatory effect on the cytokine network. First clinical studies in patients with infections (pneumonia) as well as surgical intensive care patients have shown that the administration of G-CSF is safe and that it might have a beneficial effect on the clinical course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ; systemic inflammatory response syndrome ; sepsis ; immunodeficiency ; immunocompromised host ; Schlüsselwörter Granulozyten Kolonie-stimulierender Faktor ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; Sepsis ; Immun-defizienz ; immunsupprimierter Patient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Intensivtherapiepflichtige Patienten sind hochgradig gefährdet, ein „Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrom (SIRS)“, eine Sepsis, einen septischen Schock sowie eine Multiorgandysfunktion zu entwickeln, die mit einer hohen Letalität verknüpft sind. Auf eine Infektion bzw. auf ein Trauma größeren Ausmaßes reagiert das Immun-system mit einer pro-inflammato-rischen Reaktion, der eine, ebenfalls oft überschießende, anti-inflammatorische Reaktion folgt. Diese kompensatorische, anti-inflammatorische Reaktion wurde als „Compensatory Anti-inflammatory Response Syndrome (CARS)“ bezeichnet. Letzteres manifestiert sich als systemische Immundefizienz, Anergie und resultiert in einer erhöhten Infektanfälligkeit. Klinische und experimentelle Studien weisen darauf hin, daß ein hämatopoetischer Wachstumsfaktor, der Granulozyten Kolonie-stimulierende Faktor (G-CSF), dieser Immun-defizienz entgegenwirken könnte. Die Gabe von G-CSF erhöht bei nicht-neutropenischen, postoperativen und posttraumatischen Patienten mit hohem Sepsisrisiko die Granulozytenzahl, steigert deren Funktionsleistung und senkt die Inzidenz einer Sepsis. Darüberhinaus gibt es Hinweise, daß G-CSF in hyperinflammatorischen Situationen zu einem anti-inflammatorischen Zytokinreaktionsmuster beiträgt und damit als prophylaktisches Therapeutikum geeignet ist. Somit könnte G-CSF einerseits neutrophile Granulozyten aktivieren und andererseits aufgrund der anti-inflammatorischen Effekte gleichzeitig einer überschießenden Entzündungsreaktion entgegenwirken. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten ist die G-CSF-Gabe als eine vielversprechende Therapieoption bei intensivtherapie-pflichtigen Patienten mit erhöhtem Sepsisrisiko, mit manifester Sepsis, SIRS, CARS und dem sogenannten „Mixed Antagonistic Response Syndrome (MARS)“ anzusehen. Um eine effektive Therapie sowohl der hyperinflammatorischen Phasen bei Sepsis, SIRS und MARS als auch der sekundären, transienten Immundefizienz bei MARS und CARS mit G-CSF zu erzielen, wird G-CSF einer geeigneten Subgruppe von Patienten und gemäß eines optimalen Zeit- und Dosierungs-Schema appliziert werden müssen.
    Notes: Summary Intensive care patients bear a high risk to manifest “systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)”, sepsis, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction which are associated with a high mortality rate. As a consequence of an initial infection or trauma, a hyperinflammatory activation of the immune system follows and an anti-inflammatory response (named “compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS)” occurs consecutively. This latter state manifests as systemic immune dysfunction, anergy and causes increased susceptibility to infections. Results of clinical and experimental studies are discussed providing evidence for the use of a hematopoietic growth factor named granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to counteract this immunodeficiency. In non-neutropenic, posttraumatic/postoperative patients with an increased risk of sepsis, G-CSF increases neutrophil count and function and decreases the incidence of sepsis. Moreover, recent studies suggest that G-CSF contributes to an anti-inflammatory cytokine response in hyper-inflammatory states and is considered as a promising therapeutic agent given prophylactically. Thus, G-CSF may activate neutrophils on the one hand and at the same time may counteract progression of an excessive inflammatory reaction due to anti-inflammatory effects on the other hand. In this context, G-CSF treatment appears to be a promising therapeutic option in intensive care patients at risk of sepsis, SIRS, CARS and the “mixed antagonistic response syndrome (MARS)”. Regarding effective therapy of hyperinflammatory states of sepsis, SIRS and MARS as well as the secondary, transient immunodeficiency of CARS and MARS by G-CSF, the drug will have to be administered to accurately defined patient groups and due to optimal timing and dosage schedules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. S26 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Autonome Störungen ; Parkinson-Krankheit ; Key words Autonomic disturbances ; Parkinson’s disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Disturbances of autonomic functions are, without a doubt, part of the symptomatology of Parkinson’s disease, but do have little importance as initial symptoms. They are more prominent in the advanced stages of the disease, when they then have an impact on the kind of patients’ complaints and on the effects of the therapeutic measures. For example, pollakisuria and urge incontinence are restrictive for social activities and, simultaneously, nighttime akinesia disturbs sleep and recovery. Dysfunction of gastrointestinal mobility brings about a retardation in drug transport from the stomach to the upper intestine and thereby in drug absorption with the sequel of an inadequate response of the parkinsonian symptomatology. Detailed registration – there is a large number of methods – of autonomic functions provides insight into the extent of the degenerative process, but mainly helps to find ways to improve the resulting dysfunctions. Whereas some signs like thermoregulation, sebaceous secretion and sleep disturbances caused by night-time akinesia do improve under drug treatment, others like cardiovascular dysregulation and delayed colon transit-time may even be worsened.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Störungen des autonomen Nervensystems sind zwar ein Bestandteil auch des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms, doch spielen sie als Initialsymptome kaum eine Rolle, sondern treten erst mit zunehmender Krankheitsdauer in Erscheinung. Dann können sie einerseits das Beschwerdebild prägen, andererseits Einfluß auf die Behandelbarkeit nehmen. So beeinträchtigen beispielsweise Pollakisurie und Dranginkontinenz den Aktionsradius und damit die sozialen Aktivitäten der Kranken erheblich, stören gleichzeitig den Nachtschlaf und damit die Erholungsphase. Störungen der Magen-Darm-Motilität haben im oberen Abschnitt Verzögerungen der Resorption der Parkinson-Medikation und damit der therapeutischen Beeinflußbarkeit der Kardinalsymptome zur Folge. Die genaue Diagnostik der autonomen Störungen dient zwar auch der Erfassung der Prozeßausdehnung, vorwiegend aber der notwendigen therapeutischen Beeinflussung der daraus resultierenden Symptome. Während einige Symptome wie etwa Beeinträchtigungen der Thermoregulation, der Talgproduktion und der akinetisch verursachten Schlafstörungen gut auf die medikamentöse Therapie ansprechen, können andere wie z.B. kardiovaskuläre Störungen oder die Verlangsamung der Dickdarmmotilität eine Verschlechterung erfahren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A ‘one bottle’ method to determine particulate debris of titanium and zirconium in blood serum was developed. Inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to simultaneously detect both elements at concentrations above 50 ng/mL. Pressurized digestion by means of nitric and hydrofluoric acid in PTFETM-containers in a specific time-heat-pressure protocol apparatus was applied to assure complete solvation of particles including oxides. Total decomposition of the matrix was achieved and reasonable detection limits were accomplished. The amount of remaining carbon did not cause any matrix problems during measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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