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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A caudal homologue in the short germ band beetle Tribolium shows similarities to both, the Drosophila and the vertebrate caudal expression patterns (1998)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 208 (1998), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We have isolated a homologue to the Drosophila caudal (cad) gene from the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and have studied its expression pattern. The Tribolium caudal (Tc-cad) gene arrangement is unusual in that there is a partial duplication of the gene resulting in alternative transcripts with identical 5′-exons, but different 3′-exons encoding two different homeoboxes. Expression analysis was done by whole-mount in situ hybridization and by staining with an antibody raised against the N-terminal part of the protein that is common to both transcripts. At early stages we observe a homogeneously distributed maternal mRNA which is initially also translated throughout the embryo. A little later, a posterior to anterior CAD protein gradient is formed, very similar to that in Drosophila. However, because of the differences in the fate map between Drosophila and Tribolium, the CAD protein expression at blastoderm stage covers the prospective head and thoracic region and not the abdomen as in Drosophila. Expression of Tc-cad in the prospective abdomen is only seen during further germband growth where it becomes restricted to the growth zone in which the segments are formed. This expression is very similar to the growth zone expression in the somitogenic region seen for cad homologues in vertebrates. After the completion of the segmentation process Tc-cad expression becomes confined to a terminal stripe which resembles a similar stripe at late blastoderm stages in Drosophila.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050183
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ablation of neural tissue by short-pulsed lasers — a technical report (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 346-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Tissue ablation ; laser/tissue interaction ; shortpulsed lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basis for most laser applications in neurosurgery is the conversion of laser light into heat when the incident laser beam is absorbed by the tissue. Irradiation of neural tissue with laser light therefore leads to its thermal damage. However, due to the diffusion of heat energy into the surrounding tissue, often there is thermal damage to neural tissue outside the area of the target volume. These are the characteristics of thermal laser/tissue interaction. In this paper we discuss how we used three different short-pulsed lasers to achieve non-thermal ablation of neural tissue. Three different short-pulsed lasers were used to generate ultrashort laser pulses in the picosecond to femtosecond range. The interaction of such laser pulses with tissue was predicted to be nonthermal. The short-pulsed lasers were used for the ablation of neural tissue using an in vitro calf brain model. The histopathological examination of the lesions revealed that the neural tissue had been removed very precisely without any sign of thermal damage to the surrounding tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411747
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglioside Profiles in Human Gliomas: Quantification by Microbore High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Correlation to Histomorphology and Grading (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 1339-1345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Gangliosides; microbore HPLC; astrocytoma; glioma.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ The composition and the content of gangliosides changes during physiological growth and differentiation as well as in neoplastic cell transformation. In order to determine if ganglioside profiles correlate with brain tumour malignancy, the ganglioside distribution was determined in 31 gliomas of astrocytic origin and in non-tumour tissue by a recently developed microbore high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Glioma malignancy was graded according to the grading system proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. In general, an increase of GD3 and a decrease of normal brain gangliosides correlated with a higher grade of malignancy. Pilocytic astrocytomas Grade I had a distinctive ganglioside profile, histologically as well as biochemically. Although they are low-grade gliomas, the pilocytic astrocytomas exhibited a GD3 content comparable to anaplastic gliomas and could only be biochemically distinguished from other tumour grades by relatively high type “b” ganglioside levels. Thus, ganglioside composition not only reflects anaplasia but can also be used to indicate biological characteristics of tumours of different histogenetic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050439
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ki-67 and biological behaviour in meningeal haemangiopericytomas (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 29 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The biological behaviour of meningeal haemangiopericytomas was retrospectively studied using immunohistochemical staining with MIB1, a monoclonal antibody against the Ki-67 antigen, a nuclear protein related to cell proliferation. Paraffin-embedded material from 62 tumours from 40 patients were investigated. The proliferating compartment of the tumours was estimated by evaluating the MIB1 staining index, i.e. the percentage of MIB1 positive nuclei in at least 1000 counted tumour cells in representative areas. The staining index ranged from 1.24% to 39.01%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between the staining index and recurrence-free survival (χ2 = 0.3922, P = 0.5311). Long-term observation (〉100 months), however, revealed a tendency to longer survival in the group with a staining index less than 5%. According to our results, the MIB1 staining index does not contribute to the accuracy of predicting the clinical outcome of meningeal haemangiopericytomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-479.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural diversity of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel α1E-subunit (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels are heteromultimeric proteins. Their structural diversity is caused by several genes encoding homologous subunits and by alternative splicing of single transcripts. Isoforms of α1 subunits, which contain the ion conducting pore, have been deduced from each of the six cDNA sequences cloned so far from different species. The isoforms predicted for the α1E subunit are structurally related to the primary sequence of the amino terminus, the centre of the subunit (II–III loop), and the carboxy terminus. Mouse and human α1E transcripts have been analysed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and by sequencing of amplified fragments. For the II–III loop three different α1E cDNA fragments are amplified from mouse and human brain, showing that isoforms originally predicted from sequence alignment of different species are expressed in a single one. Both predicted α1E cDNA fragments of the carboxy terminus are identified in vivo. Two different α1E constructs, referring to the major structural difference in the carboxy terminus, were stably transfected in HEK293 cells. The biophysical properties of these cells were compared in order to evaluate the importance in vitro of the carboxy terminal insertion found in vivo. The wild-type α1E subunit showed properties, typical for a high-voltage activated Ca2+ channel. The deletion of 43 amino acid residues at the carboxy terminus does not cause significant differences in the current density and the basic biophysical properties. However, a functional difference is suggested, as in embryonic stem cells, differentiated in vitro to neuronal cells, the pattern of transcripts indicative for different α1E isoforms changes during development. In human cerebellum the longer α1E isoform is expressed predominantly. Although, it has not been possible to assign functional differences to the two α1E constructs tested in vitro, the expression pattern of the structurally related isoforms may have functional importance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00099.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The German Experience (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 10 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.1997.tb00016.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The onset of sucrose accumulation in cold-stored potato tubers is caused by an increased rate of sucrose synthesis and coincides with low levels of hexose-phosphates, an activation of sucrose phosphate synthase and the appearance of a new form of amylase (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: These experiments investigate events involved in triggering sugar accumulation in the cold in tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desirée. Sugar content, 14C-glucose metabolism, metabolite levels and activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and starch-degrading enzymes were followed after transfer to 4°C. (i) Net sucrose accumulation began between 2 and 4 d. By 10 d, reducing sugars were also increasing. From 20 d onwards, sugar accumulation slowed. Sucrose fell, but reducing sugars continued to increase. (ii) To measure unidirectional sucrose synthesis, U-[14C]glucose was injected into tubers after various times at 4°C. The tubers were then incubated for 6 h. After 1 d at 4°C, both the absolute and the relative (expressed as a percentage of the metabolized label) rates of sucrose synthesis decreased compared to those at 20°C. Between 2 and 4 d at 4°C, labelling of sucrose increased 3-fold, to over 60% of the metabolized label. This high rate was maintained for up to 50 d in cold storage. When tissue slices were incubated with 2.5 mol m−3 U-[14C]glucose, the rate of labelling of sucrose in slices from 6 d cold-stored material was higher than in slices from warm-stored material, irrespective of whether the incubation occurred at 4°C or at 20°C. (iii) Hexose-phosphates increased during the first day after transfer to 4°C. Their levels fell during the next 3 d, as sucrose synthesis increased. They then rose (until 20 d) and fell, in parallel with the rise and decline of sucrose levels. UDPglucose remained unaltered during the first 4 d, and then increased and decreased in parallel with sucrose. (iv) SPS activity assayed in optimal conditions and the total amount of SPS protein did not change. However, when assayed in the presence of phosphate and limiting substrate concentrations, activity rose 3–5-fold between 2 and 4 d. (v) Amylases and phosphorylases were investigated using zymograms to separate isoforms. Phosphorylases did not change. Between 2 and 4 d at 4°C, a new amylolytic activity appeared. (vi) Estimates of the specific activity of the phosphorylated intermediates and the absolute rate of sucrose synthesis (calculated from the 14C-labelling data and metabolite analysis) showed that changed kinetic properties of SPS and decreased levels of hexose-phosphate are accompanied by a 6–8-fold stimulation of sucrose synthesis. They also show that the final level of sugar is partly determined by a cycle of sugar synthesis and degradation. (vii) It is concluded that the onset of sugar accumulation in cold-stored tubers is initiated by a change in the kinetic properties of SPS and the appearance of a new amylolytic activity. It is discussed how other factors, including hexose-phosphate levels and subcellular compartmentalization, could also influence the final levels of sugars by altering the balance of sugar synthesis and remobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00001.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wertigkeit der abdominellen Computertomographie bei Patienten mit ARDS (1999)
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 36 (1999), S. 709-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words ARDS ; abdominal computed tomography ; Schlüsselwörter ARDS ; abdominelle Computertomographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie war es, die Inzidenz pathologischer abdomineller Befunde bei Patienten mit ARDS mittels Computertomographie zu evaluieren und ihre Wertigkeit hinsichtlich des Krankheitsverlaufes zu analysieren. Methodik: Retrospektiv wurden die Computertomographien von 92 Patienten (40% weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 32 Jahre) mit ARDS hinsichtlich des Vorhandenseins von pathologischen Veränderungen des Abdomens erneut ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurden die Auswirkungen der abdominellen Befunde auf Verlauf und Prognose der Erkrankung beurteilt. Hierbei dienten die Letalität, der Beatmungszeitraum, der Lung Injury Score, die aufgetretenen Organversagen und die Behandlung mit dem ECMO-Verfahren als Bewertungsparameter. Ergebnisse: Von den 92 untersuchten ARDS-Patienten hatten 75 Patienten (82%) pathologische Befunde in der abdominellen Computertomographie. Die Hepatomegalie (n=48, 52%) war der häufigste erhobene Befund. Es folgten der Aszites (n=29, 31%) die Splenomegalie (n=25, 27%) sowie intraperitoneale und retroperitoneale Infiltrate, die Darmwandverdickung, die Gallengangserweiterung und die Pankreatitis I° und II° als häufige Befunde. In der Gruppe mit pathologischen Befunden lag die Letalität annähernd doppelt so hoch (23%) wie in der Gruppe ohne pathologischen Befund (12%). Schlußfolgerung: Mittels Computertomographie detektierte pathologische Befunde des Abdomens beeinflussen negativ den Krankheitsverlauf von Patienten mit ARDS.
    Notes: Summary Purpose: This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of pathological findings on abdominal CT scans in patients with ARDS. Material and methods: CT scans of 92 patients (female 40.2%, mean age: 32 years) with ARDS were analyzed retrospectively. The impact of pathological findings on the course and prognosis was evaluated employing the duration of ventilation, the Lung Injury Score, the need for ECMO, the incidence of multiple organ failure and the overall lethality as measurable parameters. Results: Pathological findings on CT scans were detected in 75 (82%) of 92 patients. Hepatomegaly was the most common finding (n=48, 52%). Free abdominal fluid was detected in 29 (31%) and splenomegaly in 25 (27%) cases. Peritoneal and retro-peritoneal infiltrations as well as bowl wall thickening, dilated bile ducts, and I° or II° pancreatitis were less common findings. The overall lethality in patients with pathological findings was about twice as high (23%) as compared to those without (12%). Conclusions: The prevalence of pathological findings on abdominal CT is a reliable indicator of an unfavorable course and outcome in patients with ARDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003900050282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mischtumoren der Pinealisregion Diagnostik und Therapie bei Vorliegen sezernierender Keimzelltumoranteile (1998)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pinealismischtumoren ; Sezernierende Keimzelltumoren ; β-HCG ; AFP ; Chemotherapie ; Key words Pinealoma ; Secreting germ cell tumors ; Primary intracranial germ cell tumors ; Tumor markers β-HCG and AFP ; Polychemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary
    Notes: Zusammenfassung
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050307
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of radiocarpal diseases and injuries (1999)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 833-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging • Wrist • Carpal bones • Radio-carpal junction ; Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie • Handgelenk • Handwurzelknochen • Radiokarpaler Übergang
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gerätetechnische Entwicklungen haben die Darstellbarkeit der komplexen Anatomie des radiokarpalen Übergangs in den letzten Jahren wesentlich verbessert. Die inzwischen erzielte hohe räumliche Auflösung ermöglicht daher heute auch die Abbildung kleiner Strukturen wie des triangulären fibrokartilaginären Komplexes. Als gesicherte Indikationen für die MRT, die jedoch immer zusammen mit konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen zu bewerten ist, können heute vor allem die Osteonekrosen (Os scaphoideum, Os lunatum) gelten. Daneben ist die MRT vorzüglich geeignet, Mikrofrakturen anhand ihres Knochenmarködems nachzuweisen. Die Darstellung von kleinen Weichteiltumoren, von Weichteilbeteiligungen der Knochentumoren und das Tumorstaging sind weitere gesicherte Indikationen. Daneben existieren vielversprechende Berichte über die Darstellbarkeit von Erkrankungen des Band- und Halteapparats.
    Notes: Summary Advances in MRI technology have greatly improved visualization of the radio-carpal region. With todays high-resolution imaging, even very small anatomic structures like the triangular fibrocartilage may be seen. Established indications include the osteonecroses (scaphoid and lunate); however, MR images always should be evaluated in conjunction with plain radiographs. By delineating bone marrow edema, MRI is well suited for the detection of microfractures. Visualization of small soft tissue tumors, soft tissue extension of bone tumors and for staging of tumors in general may also be regarded as indications generally agreed upon. Promising indications include pathology of ligaments and similar structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003556
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