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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoantibodies to the islet antigen ICA 69 occur in IDDM and in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; rheumatoid arthritis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (± 1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (± 0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p 〈 0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (± 0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p 〈 0.01) and healthy control subjects (p 〈 0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21 % in IDDM, 31 % in rheumatoid arthritis and 6 % in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n = 20), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 9) or multiple sclerosis (n = 7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 351–355]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400641
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoantibodies to the islet antigen ICA 69 occur in IDDM and in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (±1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (±0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p〈0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (±0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p〈0.01) and healthy control subjects (p〈0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21% in IDDM, 31% in rheumatoid arthritis and 6% in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (n=9) or multiple sclerosis (n=7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400641
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibit insulitis and onset of autoimmune diabetes (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1298-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Immunotherapy ; in vivo animal models ; adhesion molecules.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Increased concentration of circulating adhesion molecules in human serum have been described in different immune-mediated diseases. Recently, we proposed an immunomodulatory function of soluble forms of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) during the pathogenesis of human Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To test this hypothesis in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a spontaneous animal model for human Type I diabetes, two recombinant forms of soluble murine ICAM-1 were generated, one monomeric soluble ICAM-1 containing all five extracellular Ig-like domains of ICAM-1 (rICAM-1) and one dimeric protein with the N-terminal extracellular domains fused to the constant regions of murine IgG2 a (rICAM-1-Ig). Beginning at age 35 days prediabetic NOD mice received i. p. injections of 5 μg recombinant ICAM-1-proteins three times a week for 4.5 months. At day 170 diabetes development was reduced (p 〈 0.001) in NOD mice receiving rICAM-1 (8 %) or rICAM-1-Ig (8 %) treatment in comparison with sham treated animals (45 %). After termination of therapy animals treated with multimeric rICAM-1-Ig were protected longer than animals treated with rICAM-1. Prevention of diabetes was associated with decreased infiltration of pancreatic islets by mononuclear cells. A selective downregulation of Th1-type cytokine expression was observed in a second set of experiments in which diabetes development was synchronised by cyclophosphamide. These data support the hypothesis that circulating forms of adhesion molecules have an immunomodulatory function and can intervene in islet inflammation. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1298–1303]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051068
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of atropine in vivo and ex vivo (radioreceptor assay) after oral and intramuscular administration to man (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1995), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atropine ; M2-cholinoceptors ; effect kinetics ; radioreceptor assay ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of an oral dose of atropine (0.03 mg/kg body weight) and an IM (0.02 mg/kg) dose on the heart rate and salivary flow in seven healthy adult volunteers were compared to see whether the oral dose was sufficient to inhibit vagal reflexes of the heart. Atropine concentrations in plasma were determined by an M2-selective radioreceptor assay, and the in vitro occupancy of porcine cardiac M2-cholinoceptors was measured in parallel. In ligand-binding studies, atropine has been shown to have a comparable affinity for human and porcine cardiac M2-cholinoceptors (Ki 4.0 and 5.9, respectively). Slight changes in heart rate after oral administration were not significant. After IM administration, however, the heart rate increased significantly, by a maximum of 22 beats·min−1 after 45 min. The slight increase in heart rate after the oral dose corresponded to a receptor occupancy in vitro near the lower limit of detection, whereas the significant increase in heart rate after the IM dose corresponded to a receptor occupancy of up to 47%. The maximum reduction in salivary flow was similar after the oral and IM doses (84.3 and 87.5%, respectively). The almost complete inhibition of salivary flow could be explained by the lower vagal tone in the salivary glands compared with to the heart. The difference in the effect on heart rate was probably due to lower absorption of the oral dose. Thus, an oral dose greater than 0.03 mg atropine/kilogram body weight is required to compensate for low gastrointestinal absorption and to overcome the high vagal tone of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192357
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysfunktionen transvenöser Kardioverter/Defibrillator-Elektrodensysteme: klinische Bedeutung systemintegrierter Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen – Möglichkeiten einer teilautomatisierten Systemkontrolle (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 87 (1998), S. 630-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transvenöse Kardioverter/Defibrillator-Elektrodensysteme – Elektrodendysfunktionen – systemintegrierte Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen – automatisierte Systemkontrolle ; Key words Nonthoracotomy cardioverter/defibrillator systems – lead failures – device implemented diagnostic and measurement features – automated system control with patient alert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The aim of this study is the analysis of electrical failures in transvenous cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) lead systems with regard to the importance of device implemented diagnostic and measurement functions and the potential role of an automated device-control in the detection of lead failures. Methods: All consecutive ICD patients at our institution were enrolled in this retrospective investigation. The routine follow-up controls consisted in a complete evaluation of all diagnostic and measurement ICD features and additional controls in when spontaneous arrhyhtmia episodes occurred. Results: Two hundred thirty patients, 193 male and 37 female, were enrolled in this study (mean age: 61.5±10.2 years; mean LVEF was 32±9%). During a mean follow-up period of 29.5±18.4 (6–76) months, lead failure occurred in 19 patients (8%). 16 patients were implanted with an ICD, capable of diagnostic and measurements functions. All nonadequate device discharges could be classified as sensing-failure by stored electrograms. Device implemented measurement features revealed clinical important information in 13/16 patients (81%). In 14/16 patients, the lead defect could not be detected during routine follow-up. At the time of documented lead failure the safety of the implanted devices was already lost in 6/16 patients (38%). Conclusions: Device implemented diagnostic and measurement options are of great importance in the early detection of ICD lead failures. The implementation of automated measurements of lead related parameters in connection with a patient alert function may contribute to a further increase in the safety of ICD therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Analyse elektrischer Dysfunktionen transvenöser Kardioverter/Defibrillator-(ICD-)Elektrodensysteme hinsichtlich der Bedeutung systemintegrierter Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen und der Möglichkeit einer automatisierten Systemkontrolle von ICD-Generatoren für eine sichere und schnelle Erkennung von Elektrodendefekten. Methoden: Alle konsekutiven ICD-Patienten unserer Klinik wurden in die vorliegende, retrospektive Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Verlaufskontrolle umfaßte die regelmäßige, vollständige Systemprüfung der ICD-Systeme und zusätzliche Kontrollen bei spontanen Arrhythmieepisoden. Ergebnisse: 230 konsekutive Patienten, 193 Männer, 37 Frauen, wurden in die Untersuchung einbezogen (mittleres Alter: 61,5±10,2 Jahre; mittlere LVEF 32±9%). Während einer Nachbeobachtungsperiode von 29,5±18,4 Monaten (6–76 Monate) wurden bei 19 Patienten (8%) Defekte der ICD-Elektrodensysteme dokumentiert. 16 Patienten trugen einen ICD-Generator mit systemimplementierten Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen. Alle nichtadäquaten ICD-Entladungen konnten durch die Analyse gespeicherter Elektrogramme als Fehlfunktion klassifiziert werden. Die systemintegrierten Meßfunktionen zeigten bei 13 von 16 Patienten (81%) diagnostisch verwertbare Ergebnisse. Bei 14/16 Patienten konnte der Elektrodendefekt im Rahmen der Nachsorge nicht rechtzeitig erkannt werden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung war bei 6/16 Patienten (38%) die Therapiesicherheit des implantierten ICD-Systems nicht mehr gewährleistet. Schlußfolgerung: Systemintegrierte Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen sind eine wichtige Option zur Erkennung von ICD-Elektrodendefekten. Die Einführung systemintegrierter, automatisch durchgeführter Kontrollen aller elektrodenbezogenen Meßwerte in Verbindung mit Patientenwarneinrichtung könnte zu einer weiteren Steigerung der Sicherheit der Therapie mit implantierbaren Kardioverter/Defibrillatoren beitragen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003920050222
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metamorphic structure and P–T conditions of the metapelitic constituent of the ZEV (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. S199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Mineral zones ; Medium-pressure metamorphism ; Staurolite-out ; Low-pressure overprint ; Metamorphic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Bounded by mylonite zones and imbrications the Zone of Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss is built up by medium- and low-pressure amphibolite-facies metapelites associated with amphibolites and biotite–hornblende gneisses, and intruded by the Leuchtenberg granite. Pelitic index assemblages define the staurolite– kyanite-, the garnet–kyanite-, the garnet–sillimanite- and the garnet–kyanite–sillimanite zone of medium pressure metamorphism, which is estimated at P=5–9.6 kbar and T=580–730 °C, and the cordierite zone of subsequent low-pressure metamorphism, which is estimated at P〈4.5 kbar and T≤700 °C. Both facies series probably are tectonically juxtaposed. Staurolite–kyanite- and garnet zones are related by the reaction: staurolite+muscovite+quartz=garnet+ aluminium-silicate+biotite+H2O. This relation defines the only observable trace of a field gradient in the ZEV. An early sillimanite generation (sillimanite I) is found in all mineral zones as mineral inclusions in garnet rims. Post-P–Tmax evolution is indicated by the inversion kyanite⇒sillimanite (sillimanite II), the reaction: garnet+muscovite⇒sillimanite (sillimanite III)+biotite+quartz and by XFe decreasing in garnet rims. Garnet is resorbed under the conditions of stable kyanite+sillimanite+muscovite+quartz. Some staurolite–kyanite zone garnets show two stages separated by resorption which may be ascribed to published Ordovician and Late Devonian radiometric ages. The second garnet generation formed near 9.7 kbar/ 620–660 °C. No evidence for high-pressure metamorphism was found. Comparison of the medium-pressure part of the ZEV with the Zone of Teplá-Domazlice (Czech Republic) and with garnet–kyanite rocks at the northern edge of the Black Forest seems possible. The low-pressure cordierite rocks are similar to metapelites framing the Winklarn eclogites towards southeast of the ZEV, but are in contrast to the Moldanubian-type cordierite gneisses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014654
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metamorphic evolution of eclogite and associated garnet-mica schist in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex, Ural, Russia (1999)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 87 (1999), S. 561-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Ural ; Maksyutov complex ; Garnet ; Chloritoid ; P ; T path
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Metasedimentary garnet-mica schists are interlayered with metabasic garnet–omphacite schists and enclose eclogite boudins in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex in the Southern Urals, Russia. These three rock types were investigated in one outcrop and compared chemographically and thermobarometrically. The Fe/Mg distributions between garnet rim–omphacite and garnet rim–phengite pairs indicate different equilibration temperatures for the three samples, with the lowest temperature (500°C, 〉1.5 GPa) for the eclogite boudin, an intermediate temperature (630°C, 〉1.7 GPa) for the foliated eclogite and the highest temperature (650°C, 〉1.7 GPa) for the garnet-mica schist. The garnets in garnet-mica schist enclose abundant chloritoid relics and the Fe/Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet records an earlier high-temperature stage (650°C, 〉2.0 GPa) before the garnet rim–phengite temperatures were reached. Together with some minimum- and maximum-pressure estimates three different prograde pressure–temperature paths and a common retrograde metamorphic evolution are interpreted from the chemographic and thermobarometric data. The different early metamorphic evolutions and conditions confirm the variability of protoliths, which are also indicated by different U/Pb zircon and rutile ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050231
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