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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular mechanism of inhibition of interleukin-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human synovial cells by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F extract (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F — Cyclooxygenase-2 — Glucocorticoid receptor — Nuclear factor-κB — Synovial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Several extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) have been reported to be effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We investigated the effect of multi-glycosides of TWHF (GTW), a TWHF extract, on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human rheumatoid synovial cells. ¶Materials and Methods: IL-1β-stimulated synovial cells were used to detect the effects of GTW on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activities, expression of COX protein and mRNA, and nuclear transcription factors in experiments using respective reporter plasmids. ¶Results: GTW inhibited prostaglandin E2 production by IL-1β-stimulated synovial cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and also inhibited COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in a similar fashion to dexamethasone. However, GTW did not act as a glucocorticoid agonist. GTW repressed IL-1β-induced nuclear factor-κB activity, but did not have a significant influence on activating protein-1 activity. ¶Conclusion: The anti-rheumatic effect of GTW or TWHF may be partly mediated through the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in human synovial cells due to suppression of COX-2 mRNA, possibly via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050506
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive mitochondrial Ca2+ signals synchronize with cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in the pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN6 (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Pancreatic beta-cell line ; mitochondrial calcium ; cytosolic calcium ; oscillation ; aequorin ; insulin secretagogue.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the relationship between cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) in the pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN6. [Ca2+]c was monitored in a single or a group (30 cells) of fura-2-loaded MIN6 cells, and [Ca2+]m was measured in a group (1 × 106 cells) of MIN6 cells stably transfected with aequorin targeted at the mitochondria. Exogenous ATP (0.25 mmol/l) produced a single transient increase in [Ca2+]c whereas 22 mmol/l KCl produced a sustained plateau increase. ATP and KCl evoked transient increases in [Ca2+]m but with distinct time courses of [Ca2+]m decline: the [Ca2+]m increase induced by ATP decreased more rapidly than that induced by KCl. Nitrendipine (3 μmol/l), a blocker of L-type Ca2+ channels, inhibited both [Ca2+]c and [Ca2+]m signals in response to KCl and tolbutamide, but not those to ATP. Peak levels of [Ca2+]m increase (around 2 μmol/l) exceeded those of [Ca2+]c increase (around 500 nmol/l). A rise in glucose concentration from 3 to 30 mmol/l induced oscillations of [Ca2+]c that overlay the sustained increases in [Ca2+]c in single cells. An oscillatory increase in [Ca2+]m was similarly observed in response to glucose. Addition of 10 mmol/l 2-ketoisocaproic acid at 20 mmol/l glucose further increased the plateau level of [Ca2+]c and the frequency of [Ca2+]c oscillations, which were correlated with a further increase in [Ca2+]m. In response to pulsatile exposure to KCl, [Ca2+]c and [Ca2+]m increased synchronously. These data suggest that an oscillatory increase in [Ca2+]m in beta cells, the signal which is thought to be necessary for continuous stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism, is produced synchronously with the [Ca2+]c oscillations. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 279–286]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050904
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature adaptation of deep-sea bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 705-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth responses for bacteria culturable at 4 °C, isolated randomly from three different habitats comprising surface seawater, deep-sea water (5000 to 6000 m) and deep-sea sediments (ca. 2200 to 6000 m), were tested for growth at temperatures from 4 to 30 °C. All 67 isolates grew well at 4 and 20 °C, indicating that they were psychrotrophic. Compared with the surface seawater, psychrotrophic bacterial groups from the deep-sea were rich in bacteria with higher growth yield at 4 °C and lower doubling time at 30 °C. According to Ratkowsky's square root analysis, the deep-sea water group was characterized by lower predicted minimum growth temperature (mean Tmin = 266.2 K) than the surface-water group (269.9 K), while the lowest Tmin was measured in the deep-sea sediment group (263.9 K). Lower Tmin was also found in a deeper group among the sediment bacterial group. These data suggest that most of deep-sea bacterial isolates consist of members possessing higher adaptability to low-temperature environments. Psychrotrophs from deep-sea water also demonstrated an abundance of Gram-negative bacteria which were tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Moraxella, while psychrotrophs from surface water were more diverse. Bacillus spp. and Gram-positive coryneform bacteria dominated in deep-sea sediments, decreasing with increasing depth. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA of Moraxella-like bacteria showed that deep-sea strains were different from surface strains and from the four known species tested belonging to the Moraxella–Psychrobacter group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050138
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of endotoxin elimination therapy using PMX in patients with septic shock (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions DHP with PMX appears to be more effective in patients with intraabdominal infection that is mainly derived from GNR and could be drained surgically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between soil neutral sugar composition and the amount of labile soil organic matter in Andisol treated with bark compost or leaf litter (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Organic material application ; Hot water extractable C ; Soil microbial biomass ; Soil neutral sugar ; Soil available N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of short-term bark compost (Ba) and leaf litter (Li) applications on the labile soil organic matter (SOM) status was investigated. The SOM status studied in this paper includes soil microbial biomass, soil available N, hot water extractable C (HwC) and N (HwN) and soil neutral sugar-C composition. The soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), soil available N, HwC and HwN increased upon application of Ba and Li. No quantitative relationship was observed between application of organic material and MBC, MBN or soil available N. A positive linear correlation was observed between MBN and HwC but not between MBN and soil available N. Among the various soil neutral sugar C, xylose C (Xyl) content in Ba plots showed a remarkable increase but mannose C (Man) did not differ among Fer (fertilizer), Ba or Li plots. Soil neutral sugar C had a positive linear correlation with soil available N, MBN and HwC. The proportion of MBN : TN is positively correlated with the Xyl/Man ratio. The increase in the proportion of MBN in SOM seems to occur with the increase of SOM derived from plant debris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050441
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous elicitor-like effects of alginate on physiological activities of plant cells (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of alginate on the physiological activities of plant cells were studied. Addition of alginate oligomer (AO) to the suspension culture of Catharanthus roseus L. or Wasabia japonica cells promoted the production of antibiotic enzymes such as 5′-phosphodiesterase or chitinase respectively. Ajmalicine (a secondary metabolite) production by C. roseus CP3 cells was also promoted when AO was added to the suspension culture. On the basis of these results, we assumed that alginate is an elicitor-like substance. We therefore compared the effect of AO on C. roseus L. and W. japonica cells with those of chitosan oligomer (CO) and oligo-galacturonic acid (OGA), which are well known as an exogenous elicitor and endogenous elicitor respectively. The effects of various concentrations of AO, OGA, and CO on the physiological activities, membrane permeability and protoplast formation of C. roseus L. or W. japonica cells were investigated. AO and OGA showed similar physiological effects, which were quite different from those of CO. Since alginate appeared to have similar effects to galacturonic acid, we concluded that alginate acts as an endogenous elicitor. Both alginate and galacturonic acid are uronic acids, and we considered their structural similarity. The effects of esterification of the carboxylic groups of alginate by propylene oxide were also studied. The greater the degree of esterification, the less the secretion of 5′-phosphodiesterase. Hence we assumed that carboxylic groups have an important role in the initiation of the elicitation reaction in plant cells, as shown in the case of galacturonic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051542
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the left somatosensory cortex in human hand movement (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 106 (1995), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somatosensory cortex ; Hand movement ; Sensorimotor integration ; Cerebral blood flow ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hemispheric dominance for motor control in the human brain is still unclear. Here we propose asymmetric sensorimotor integration during human hand movements. We investigated the dexterity of hand movements and related sensory functions in four right-handed patients with cerebrovascular lesions in the postcentral gyrus. To clarify the distributions of cortical damage, semiquantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was performed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and a three-dimensional surface display was generated from SPECT. Scores on motor and sensory tasks and rCBF values in the patients were compared with those in control subjects. All patients presented with asymmetric clumsiness of complex finger movements, in association with impairments of combined sensations such as stereognosis. These findings were indicative of a disorder of sensory information processing necessary to guide the movements. Two patients with left hemispheric damage showed bilateral clumsy hands, predominating on the right side, while the other two patients with right hemispheric damage showed only a left clumsy hand. In agreement with asymmetric clumsiness, measurement of rCBF along with a three-dimensional surface display revealed cortical hypoperfused areas, mainly in the perirolandic cortices, comprising the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Perirolandic cortical hypoperfusion was bilateral in the two patients with bilateral clumsy hands, but only on the right side in the other two patients with left clumsy hands. These results suggest a dominant role of the left somatosensory cortex in sensorimotor integration for complex finger movements of humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231073
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tachycardia as a potential risk indicator for coronary arterial lesions in Kawasaki disease (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Kawasaki disease ; Tachycardia ; Electrocardiography ; Ambulatory ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tachycardia is frequently observed in the acute phase of Kawasaki Disease (KD) patients. However, little is known about the association between the tachycardia in the acute phase of KD and the development of coronary arterial lesions (CAL). We examined the association between the mean 24 h heart rate in the acute phase of KD observed using 24 h ambulatory ECG monitoring (24 h-ECG) and the occurrence of CAL in patients. In a study conducted between 1994 and 1997, 26 patients with KD underwent 24 h-ECG within the febrile period and before the 9th day of illness. We compared the mean 24 h heart rate based on 24 h-ECG between patients with and those without CAL. Of 26 patients, 7 had CAL. The groups with and without CAL had similar baseline characteristics. The mean 24 h heart rate in the group with CAL was significantly higher than that in the group without CAL (144 ± 14 vs. 124 ± 22, P = 0.033). On multiple regression analysis, the mean 24 h heart rate was significantly correlated with the development of CAL (P = 0.019). Conclusion Marked tachycardia detected by 24 h-ambulatory ECG monitoring in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease might provide important information on the development of coronary arterial lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051050
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen retrieval of loricrin epitopes at desmosomal areas of cornified cell envelopes: an immunoelectron microscopic analysis (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cell envelopes (CEs) are insoluble, chemically and mechanically tough structures formed during terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, providing skin with a protective barrier against the environment. They are 15 to 20 nm thick structures beneath the plasma membrane and continuous with desmosomal attachment plaques. Sequential deposition of several proteins including involucrin and loricrin leads to a gradual increase in envelope thickness and rigidity. Cross-linking of demosomal components to other CE-proteins has been demonstrated and desmosomes in the cornified cells have been demonstrated and desmosomes in the cornified cells have been regarded as a part of CEs. Our previous immunoelectron microscopy studies showed that desmosomal areas of granular cells were loricrin-positive, but those in cornified cells were negative. We asked whether this is due to epitope masking and applied trypsin digestion of the electron microscopy sections to retrieve the possibly masked epitopes. Since this treatment made desmosomal structures obscure, one side of the sections was stained with anti-desmoglein antibody as an indicator of desmosomes. Trypsin was applied on the other side followed by immunolabeling with anti-loricrin antibody. Trypsin digestion indeed unmasked the loricrin epitopes in the desmoglein-positive desmosomal areas of CEs. It seems therefore that loricrin is first accumulated at the desmosomes before the CE-assembly and cross-linking of loricrin occurs at the desmosomal areas of CEs as well as at the non-desmosomal areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00389.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody, rapamycin and interferon-γ on airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine in mice (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The role of IgE in airway hyperreaetivity is obscure.Objective In order to clarify the role of IgE in airway hyperreactivity, we investigated the effect of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody, rapamycin and interferon-γ on the antigen-induced IgE response, airway eosinophilia and hyperreactivity in mice.Methods Mice were immunized with an antigen (ovalbumin; OA) at intervals of 12 days. OA was inhaled 10 days after the secondary immunization. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, airway reactivity to acetylcholine was measured and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained.Results Three inhalations of antigen caused an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine with a significant elevation of serum IgE level. Anti-IL-4 at a dose of 1000 μg/animal and rapamycin at doses between 0.1 and 1 mg/kg inhibited the IgE production, but did not affect the airway eosinophilia or hyperreactivity to acetylcholine. In contrast, IFN-γ clearly inhibited the antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and hyperreactivity, but did not affect the IgE antibody production.Conclusion These results suggest that the inhibition of IgE production does not suppress the onset of airway hyperreactivity and eosinophilia in mice, and that IFN-γ inhibits the antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity, probably due to the inhibition of airway eosinophilia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00696.x
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