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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: Epitaxial growth and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 films on Pt electrodes by reactive evaporation [J. Appl. Phys. 76, 7833 (1994)] (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6073-6073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359616
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shift of surface Fermi level position toward the conduction band minimum by crystal defects near GaAs(001) surface (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1661-1666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of crystal defects near the surface on the position of surface Fermi level (EFS) are investigated using photoluminescence (PL) measurements and synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES). For the lightly Si-doped GaAs(001) surface, PL measurements reveal that after heating to 500 °C a layer with lower PL peak intensities related to gallium vacancies than those of the bulk exists just under the thermal degraded layer. SRPES shows that EFS moves upward to 1.1–1.17 eV above the valence band maximum when this thermal degraded layer is removed by chemical etching and the excess arsenic on the surface, which is formed by rinsing the etched surface with deoxygenated and deionized water, is evaporated by heating in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). After evaporation of excess arsenic on the surface by heating, the etching-depth dependence of EFS for a sample preheated in UHV correlated with the existence of this defect concentration layer. These results suggest that the position of EFS for the GaAs(001) surface is strongly influenced by crystal defects near the surface. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365965
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo laser computed tomographic imaging of human fingers by coherent detection imaging method using different wavelengths in near infrared region (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3671-3673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report in vivo laser computed tomographic images of the proximal interphalangeal joint region of a healthy human volunteer's index finger. The laser computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained with a highly sensitive coherent detection imaging method that is based on the optical heterodyne detection method. These laser CT images are compared at the wavelengths of 715 nm and 1.064 μm and with images obtained by conventional imaging methods such as x-ray CT and magnetic resonance imaging. Internal structures of the proximal interphalangeal joint region could be clearly identified in the laser CT images. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117184
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discharge frequency dependence of particulate growth in high frequency silane plasmas (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3880-3882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Discharge frequency dependence of growth of particulates is studied in high frequency silane plasmas. Particulates appear earlier after discharge initiation and the increasing rate of their amount in the subsequent phase decreases with increasing the discharge frequency from 3.5 to 28 MHz. Even in the early phase of their formation for all 3.5–28 MHz discharges, particulates grow principally around the plasma/sheath boundary near the powered electrode, where short lifetime radicals are actively generated. For 28 MHz, the density of particulates in the early discharge phase is extremely high (≥1011 cm3). The latter two features suggest that many short lifetime neutral radicals (such as SiH2), being produced at a high rate, significantly contribute to the nucleation and initial growth of one particulate, at least, for a relatively high power density of the order of 0.5 W/cm2. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent local resistance breakdown of epitaxial BaTiO3 heterostructures (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2415-2417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Leakage current through epitaxial BaTiO3 films was investigated to clarify the difference between the characteristics of nanometer and millimeter-size metal contacts. SrTiO3:Nb bottom electrode revealed genuine properties of a single metal/BaTiO3 contact and demonstrated that breakdown voltage and leakage current density at both nanometer and millimeter-size contacts were controlled by the Schottky barrier. However, in marked contrast with millimeter-size contacts, nanometer-size contacts conducted little current below breakdown voltage and repeatedly exhibited abrupt breakdowns having a giant current density 〉10 A mm−2. The breakdown field was as high as 0.45 MV cm−1 at the forward bias, while no breakdown occurred up to 0.5 MV cm−1 at the reverse bias. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121371
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A problem with an infant speaking tracheostomy tube (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb04539.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISTRIBUTION AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF MESALAZINE ON CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED COLITIS IN THE RABBIT (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. A controlled-release preparation of mesalazine microgranules (PentasaR; Ferring AS, Vanlose, Denmark) releases the active ingredient over a wide area from the small intestine to the rectum and is consequently expected to bring about therapeutic benefits to patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.2. Mesalazine microgranules (50 or 150 mg/kg per day) were administered orally to each rabbit with carrageenan-induced colitis for six weeks. Its inhibitory effect on colonic mucosal damage was assessed in terms of the microscopic damage scores, leukotriene B4 concentrations and concentrations of mesalazine derivatives.3. At the end of the experiment, the mesalazine 150 mg group had gained a significantly greater bodyweight than the control group. Microscopic damage was significantly lower in the 150 mg group than in the untreated control group. Tissue concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid and acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in the small and large intestine were higher in the 150 mg group than in the 50 mg group. Mucosal leukotriene B4 levels tended to be lower in rabbits receiving the larger dose of mesalazine.4. The present study indicates that slow release 5-aminosalicylic acid at the larger dose reaches the large bowel in sufficiently high concentrations following oral administration and significantly reduces carrageenan-induced colitis in the rabbit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02828.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding and growth of early juvenile Japanese sardines in the Pacific waters off central Japan (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Larval and early juvenile growth was backcalculated for individual Japanese sardines Sardinops melanostictus using the biological intercept method based on the allometric relationship between otolith radii and fish lengths. Sardines grew at 0·81 mm day−1 during the larval stage. In the early juvenile stage, they grew from 32·3 to 45·4 mm fork length (L) over a 20-day period (0·64mm day−1). Using the observed relationship between L and wet body weight (W), W = 0·00942 L2.99, W of the sardine juveniles was calculated to increase from 306 to 832 mg during the 20-day period. The carbon (C) requirement to achieve this growth in weight was estimated to increase from 5·7 to 9·6 mg day−1. Stomach contents of the sardines were composed mostly of copepods (73%) and larvaceans (25%). Wet stomach content weight (Ws) was expressed by a power function of the W, Ws=0·731 W0·658. Carbon and nitrogen constituted 41·7 ± 1·5 and 10·0 ± 0·4% of the dry Ws, respectively. Stomach C content increased from 2·0 to 3·9 mg during the 20-day period. Three to four cycles of the daily turnover of stomach contents during the 16 h of daytime, corresponding to a gastric evacuation rate of 0·2–0·3 h−1 under continuous feeding, met the C requirement to achieve the backcalculated growth in early juvenile sardines. The Kuroshio frontal waters seem to provide Japanese sardine juveniles with favourable growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb02014.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between interleukin-6 and proliferation and differentiation in cholangiocarcinoma (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated as a mediator of growth control in several human neoplasms. The significance of IL-6 expression in human cholangiocarcinoma was examined in this study.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsIL-6 expression was examined in 43 surgically resected cholangiocarcinomas and a cholangiocarcinoma cell line CCKS1, derived from abdominal metastasis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, by immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization techniques. In non-neoplastic bile ducts, IL-6 was constitutively but weakly expressed. In surgical cases of cholangiocarcinoma, IL-6 was frequently and strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, while its expression was decreased, and less intense or absent in moderately and poorly differentiated areas, respectively. IL-6 mRNA was detected in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells of two cases of cholangiocarcinomas positive for IL-6. IL-6 was detected in hepatic bile from two cholangiocarcinoma cases studied. The proliferation antigen Ki67 was found to be more frequently expressed in IL-6 negative carcinoma cells than in IL-6 positive carcinoma cells (P 〈 0.01). In cultured carcinoma cells line CCKS1, IL-6, IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 receptor alpha chain were detected in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells, suggesting an autocrine effect of IL-6 on carcinoma cells.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionIL-6 expression is inversely related to cell proliferation and positively related to differentiation in cholangiocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00445.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Extreme boiling” model for variable salinity of the Hokko low-sulfidation epithermal Au prospect, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 33 (1998), S. 568-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Hokko prospect is located in the Minamikayabe area southwestern Hokkaido, Japan, where gold-bearing quartz veins of Pliocene age are exposed at the surface. The alteration mineral assemblage is typical of low-sulfidation epithermal systems, with the quartz veins associated with adularia alteration overprinted on Late Miocene propylitic alteration. Fluid inclusion studies of the vein quartz reveal mean homogenization temperatures of approximately 220 °C, and the co-existence of low-salinity (〈2 wt.% NaCl equivalent) and moderate salinity (2 to 12 wt.% NaCl equivalent) fluid inclusions within the same veins. The moderate salinity fluid inclusions (2–12 wt.% NaCl equivalent) typically have relatively low homogenization temperatures between 150° to 200 °C. The results obtained from stable isotope analysis of  δ18O in quartz vein material showed a gradual decrease in  δ18O signatures with increasing depth. The majority of the samples have calculated fluid source signatures (δ18OH2O) between −8.0 and −10.0‰, but there is a significant change in the composition above 185 m drill depth. The shallower samples in particular show a wide range of oxygen isotope signatures that are associated with the moderate salinity fluid inclusions. We interpret that low-salinity inclusions within the Hokko system represent the composition of the liquid phase of the fluid, before boiling, and that the moderate-salinity inclusions are representative of the residual liquid phase, after extensive non-adiabatic boiling and vapor loss in an open system. This mechanism resulted in the entrapment of fluids with variable salinities at the same time, and in close proximity to each other. This is also reflected in the  δ18OH2O values which become more variable and heavier where the moderate-salinity inclusions occur. Deposition of ore minerals within the Hokko vein system also occurred at this time as a result of boiling and gas loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050173
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