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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) sputtering system, we could grow two new methods of polycrystalline silicon films. The one is as-deposited polycrystalline silicon on glass at substrate temperatures under 500 °C. The other is solid-phase-crystallization by thermal annealing of as-deposited amorphous silicon films in a UHV. As-deposited polycrystalline silicon films were oriented to (220) and grain sizes were determined from half-width of x-ray diffraction to be about 40 nm. From the deposition temperature dependence of the x-ray diffraction peak intensity, the activation energy of the crystalline growth was calculated to be about 0.6 eV. Hydrogen atoms in the sputtering gas lower the reproducibility of as-deposited poly-Si. Polycrystalline silicon films produced by thermal annealing of as-deposited amorphous silicon films at 550 °C in UHV have a (111) orientation. Field-effect mobilities of the as-deposited polycrystalline silicon film and the polycrystalline silicon film by UHV thermal annealing were 5 and 18 cm2/V s, respectively. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7114-7117 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a new doping technique using an ion shower doping system with a bucket ion source. Phosphorus atoms were implanted in polycrystalline silicon from room temperature to 300 °C. Sheet resistances were significantly reduced by raising the implantation temperature. With a crystal fraction of 85%, sheet resistance was 5×102 S−1/(D'Alembertian) as implanted. These effects were not due to pure thermal annealing by ion beam heating. A significant improvement was found in sheet resistance as a result of averaging the impurity profile by radiation enhanced diffusion and low temperature recrystallization of the implanted region by collision of atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 2143-2147 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes two types of photodiode arrays using indium-tin-oxide/amorphous silicon (ITO/a-Si:H) junctions for a contact-type linear image sensor. One type is a photodiode array of separated ITO electrodes, an a-Si:H stripe layer, and a common metal (Cr) electrode. The other consists of a common ITO electrode, an a-Si:H stripe layer, and separated Cr electrodes. We investigated the bias dependence of the photocurrent and its spatial distribution for the two types of diode array. Our results indicate that the photocarriers generated around the element for a common ITO electrode type deteriorate the resolving power of the diode array, which can be improved by using separated ITO electrodes. A separated ITO electrode increases the modulation transfer function and the fineness of linear image sensors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 39-41 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of silicon nitride (SiN) deposition on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been investigated to find the origin of the difference of a-Si:H/SiN interface properties caused by the order of deposition. Sheet conductance of the on-state in inverted staggered (a-Si:H on SiN) thin-film transistors (TFTs) increases gradually with the substrate temperature (Tsub) of SiN, but decreases rapidly with the Tsub of SiN in staggered TFTs (SiN on a-Si:H). Photoluminescence experiments indicated that the degradation in staggered TFTs was due to the creation of defects in a-Si:H by the deposition of the SiN overlayer. It was shown by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection that the origin of the defects was hydrogen effusion from a-Si:H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 31-33 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the effect of hydrogen ion shower doping on polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (p-Si TFTs). Hydrogen atoms were introduced to the channel region of p-Si TFTs by PH3/H2 ion shower doping of the source/drain contact. Hydrogen concentration in the channel region can be controlled by altering the gate metal thickness. Hydrogen atoms affect the TFT's threshold voltage shifts until it becomes negative, in n-type TFTs. The threshold voltage shift depends on the hydrogen content of the channel region in p-Si TFTs. This is explained by the existence of Si−3 trap states in the grain boundaries. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Altered expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is known to indicate the morphological, tumorigenic and immunological changes occurring in tumour and stromal cells. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of α-SMA expression in human basal cell epithelioma (BCE) cells and their surrounding stromal cells, in the process of differentiation towards cutaneous appendages such as hair, sebaceous, apocrine and eccrine glands. Using anti-α-SMA specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), 17 of 36 BCEs (47%) were shown to express α-SMA, despite the usual absence of α-SMA in all eukaryotic cells except muscle cells. Solid, adenoid and sclerosing types of BCE expressed α-SMA more frequently, and in greater amount, than cystic, keratotic and superficial types. Furthermore, the expression of α-SMA in BCE cells significantly paralleled the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in these cells. Thus, the altered expression of α-SMA may reflect the growing properties of BCE cells under the specific cellular regulations for differentiation.In addition, we have found anti-α-SMA MAb-positive fibroblasts with smooth muscle differentiation (myofibroblasts) in desmoplastic stroma surrounding BCE nests in 13 of 36 cases (36%). Coincidental expression of α-SMA in both BCE cells and stromal cells was found in nine of the 13 cases (69%), indicating the possibility of the induction of myofibroblastic stromal changes in surrounding tissues by cytokines secreted from BCE cells [e.g. basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-like factor].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been proposed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an autocrine growth factor of melanoma cells, in contrast with normal melanocytes where bFGF acts as a paracrine growth factor. As this notion is mostly based on the different requirements for bFGF in cultures of benign and malignant pigment cells in vitro, we performed an immunohistochemical study to examine bFGF expression in vivo using paraffin sections from naevus cell naevi (NCN) and malignant melanoma (MM). All the NCN (n=7) showed strong and homogeneous expression of bFGF protein, whereas the primary MMs (n=5) showed heterogeneous expression, with a population of negative cells. Metastatic MMs (n=5) also showed heterogeneous expression, and had a greater population of negative cells. These results suggest that bFGF has some, as yet unidentitied, role in the growth of benign NCN, and that overexpression of bFGF is neither a prerequisite for melanoma genesis nor for progression to metastatic MM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 126 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman suffering from a malignant neoplasm of Langerhans cells (LC), documented by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis, and review the literature to examine and characterize the clinical and laboratory features, therapy, and prognosis of malignant neoplasms of LC. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is now regarded as a disorder of immune regulation or an inflammatory process, rather than as a malignant neoplasm. Although LC share certain features in common with ordinary histiocytes or interdigitating dendritic cells, they also differ significantly from these cells in other respects. Therefore, we propose designating a malignant neoplasm of LC ‘malignant Langerhans cell tumour’ and that it should be considered as a separate entity from Langerhans cell histiocytosis or other malignant histiocytoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 13 (1991), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Lymphatic system ; Carcinoma ; Macroscopic anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A partir de la dissection fine des lymphatiques de la vésicule effectuée sur 4 sujets adultes, trois voies de drainages ont pu être schématisées. 1) La voie cholécysto-rétro pancréatique qui peut être considérée comme la principale, comporte deux trajets, l'un descendant en spirale de la face antérieure de la voie biliaire principale vers son bord postéro-droit, et l'autre descendant directement à la face postérieure du conduit biliaire. Dans leur segment rétroportal, ces voies convergent vers un important nœud lymphatique qui apparaît comme le principal nœud terminal de cette voie. Nous l'avons dénommé le nœud principal rétroportal. 2) La voie cholécysto-cœliaque est utilisée par quelques lymphatiques de la vésicule biliaire qui se dirigent vers la gauche à travers le ligament hépato-duodénal pour rejoindre les nœuds cœliaques. 3) La voie cholécysto-mésentérique est empruntée par des lymphatiques qui descendent vers la gauche en avant de la veine porte et rejoignant les nœuds situés à l'origine de l'artère mésentérique supérieure. Ces trois voies convergent vers les nœuds lymphatiques abdomino-aortiques situés à proximité de la veine rénale gauche; les nœuds situés dans l'espace inter-aortico-cave seront particulièrement importants.
    Notes: Summary Based upon the detailed dissections of the lymphatic system of four adult cadavers, the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder was divided into three pathways. 1) The cholecysto-retropancreatic pathway, which can be regarded as the main pathway, had two routes, one running spirally and posteriorly from the anterior surface of the common bile duct to the right, and the other running almost straight down from the posterior surface of the common bile duct. At the retroportal segment, these routes converged at a large lymph node, which appeared critical as the main terminal lymph node of this pathway. We designated this node the principal retroportal node. 2) The cholecysto-celiac pathway was the route by which some of the lymphatics from the gallbladder ran to the left through the hepatoduodenal ligament to reach the celiac nodes. 3) The cholecysto-mesenteric pathway was the route by which some of the lymphatics ran to the left in front of the portal vein and connected with the nodes at the superior mesenteric root. These three pathways converged with the abdomino-aortic lymph nodes near the left renal vein; in particular, the nodes in the interaortico-caval space were considered important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Sphingomonas; macromolecule transport; pit; polysaccharide lyase; ABC transporter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A bacterium isolated from soil as an alginate lyase producer shows characteristic morphological and taxonomical properties consistent with being classified in the genus Sphingomonas. The bacterium utilizes high molecular weight (HMW)-alginate for growth by depolymerization of the polymer with intracellular alginate lyases, which are generated from a common precursor protein through autoregulated post-translational modifications. Electron microscopic observations of the cell surface and of thin sections of cells grown on HMW-alginate revealed dynamic changes in both cell surface and membrane structures. The most remarkable change is recognized in the formation of mouth-like pits which open and close depending on the presence or absence of HMW-alginate. Enzymatic and genetic analyses of HMW-alginate incorporation processes confirmed the presence of a pit-dependent and macromolecule-specific ABC transporter system in cells of Sphingomonas species A1. This is the first description of a bacterium with a pit on the cell surface and a pit-dependent endocytosic uptake system for macromolecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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