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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract— Several sulphatases (arylsulphatases A, B and C, cholesterol sulphatase, dehydroepiandroster-one sulphatase, cerebroside sulphatase and psychosine sulphatase) were deficient in various tissues from two patients with a variant form of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Deficient activities of cerebroside sulphatase and psychosine sulphatase, using physiological substrates, in tissues from metachromatic leukodystrophy with multiple sulphatase deficiencies provided another example that these enzymes may be identical to arylsulphatase A. β-Galactosidase activity was reduced to about 30-50 per cent of normal in brain and liver. Other lysosomal enzyme activities were found to be normal or elevated five to eight times. Arylsulphatase B isolated from the liver of one patient was abnormal, with respect to pi (70) and enzyme kinetics. In mixing experiments with normal enzymes the reduced activities of arylsulphatases A. B and C, cerebroside sulphatase and steroid sulphatases were shown not to be due to the presence of endogenous inhibitors. No arylsulphatase A or B activity in the brain specimen from the patient with multiple sulphatase deficiencies could be detected on isoelectric focussing. In normal brain tissue arylsulphatase A had a pi of 4-6-4-8 while arylsulphatase B had a pi of 7-8 and 8-1. When 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate was used as a substrate the elution patterns of normal brain and liver arylsulphatase B were more heterogeneous and showed more variation than that when p-nitrocatechol sulphate was used. Arylsulphatase C and steroid sulphatases (cholesterol sulphatase, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphatase and oes-trone sulphatase I were solubilized by the addition of lysolecithin and Triton X-100 and subjected to isoelectric focussing. The pi of cholesterol sulphatase, oestrone sulphatase and arylsulphatase C was 6-8, and the elution patterns of the activities of these enzymes were similar. The pattern of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphatase was more heterogeneous and two major peaks were observed at pi 6 5 and 70. Residual enzyme activities of arylsulphatase C and steroid sulphatases from the brain of the patient with multiple sulphatase activities were not detectable by isoelectric focussing. Simultaneous deficiencies of arylsulphatase C and steroid sulphatases plus isoelectric focussing findings in tissues suggest that these enzymes are closely related in regard to their function. The nature of the genetic defect in metachromatic leukodystrophy with multiple sulphatase deficiencies is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Outer root sheath cells ; Hair papilla cells ; Dermal fibroblasts ; Co-culture ; Epithelium mesenchyme interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Depending on environmental influences, follicular outer root sheath (ORS) cells in vivo can differentiate either towards interfollicular keratinocytes or, as demonstrated in the rat vibrissa, hair matrix cells. Crucial regulators of both their proliferation and differentiation are the mesenchymal cells of the respective tissues. The interactions of human ORS cells with human hair papilla cells (HPC) or human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were studied using a two-chamber model separating the two cell types either by a microporous membrane or additionally by a medium layer. The results of 3H-thymidine incorporation studies indicated that ORS cell growth was markedly enhanced in co-culture with either HPC or HDF, the highest stimulatory effect resulting when ORS cells were in close association with the mesenchymal cells. No correlation was found between ORS cell proliferation and IL-6 production in the co-culture system, thus pointing to the secretion by HPC and HDF of growth-promoting soluble factors that are different form IL-6 as well as from EGF, bFGF and insulin present in the culture medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Sudden infant death syndrome – Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common inherited disorder of fatty acid metabolism and typically presents in early childhood as potentially fatal hypoketotic, hypoglycaemic crisis often associated with Reye-like symptoms. Re-investigations of cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have revealed in some instances a deficiency of MCAD, suggesting that this metabolic disorder may lead to sudden infant death without prior clinical symptoms. In the present study, we examined 142 infants who had suffered from an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) or were otherwise considered at risk for SIDS for MCAD deficiency by phenylpropionate loading. In no case excretion of phenylpropionylglycine, the hallmark of MCAD deficiency, was increased. In contrast, 3 out of 55 children with symptoms of metabolic disorders showed increased phenylpropionylglycine excretion, and in all three cases MCAD deficiency was confirmed by DNA analysis. In addition, we investigated 142 cases of sudden unexplained child death and 100 control subjects for the A985G mutation in the MCAD gene which is associated with about 98% of enzyme deficiencies. We found one case of heterozygosity each in the patient and control group. Our data indicate that MCAD deficiency is not a major cause of ALTE and, in agreement with results from similar studies in other countries, its frequency is not increased in children who died of SIDS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 703-704 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ; Fatty acid oxidation ; sudden infant death syndrome ; Organic aciduria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two siblings are reported who were syptomatic in the neonatal period. The first died suddenly at 4 days of age after regurgitating a meal. The postmortem examination showed steatosis of the liver, kidney and muscle. In the second, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency was diagnosed at 3 days of age with muscular hypotonia, vomiting, hyperammonaemia and mild acidosis. Thus disorders of fatty acid oxidation should also be considered in newborns. The biochemical work up indicates that in neonates, analysis of serum medium-chain fatty acids and of acyl and free carnitine are more likely to lead to a diagnosis than determining dicarboxylic acids alone in urine. Long-term treatment was effective and monitored by the acyl/free carnitine ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Sudden infant death syndrome ; Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common inherited disorder of fatty acid metabolism and typically presents in early childhood as potentially fatal hypoketotic, hypoglycaemic crisis often associated with Reye-like symptoms. Re-investigations of cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have revealed in some instances a deficiency of MCAD, suggesting that this metabolic disorder may lead to sudden infant death without prior clinical symptoms. In the present study, we examined 142 infants who had suffered from an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) or were otherwise considered at risk for SIDS for MCAD deficiency by phenylpropionate loading. In no case excretion of phenylpropionylglycine, the hallmark of MCAD deficiency, was increased. In contrast, 3 out of 55 children with symptoms of metabolic disorders showed increased phenylpropionylglycine excretion, and in all three cases MCAD deficiency was confirmed by DNA analysis. In addition, we investigated 142 cases of sudden unexplained child death and 100 control subjects for the A985G mutation in the MCAD gene which is associated with about 98% of enzyme deficiencies. We found one case of heterozygosity each in the patient and control group. Our data indicate that MCAD deficiency is not a major cause of ALTE and, in agreement with results from similar studies in other countries, its frequency is not increased in children who died of SIDS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Absorption of Iron ; Influence of Pancreatin ; Pancreas ; Influence on the Absorption of Iron ; Pancreatin ; Influence on the Absorption of Iron
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Nachdem verschiedene klinische und experimentelle Arbeiten auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Eisenabsorption und Pankreasfunktion hingewiesen haben, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit an jungen Ratten folgende Versuche durchgeführt: 1. Messung der Resorption von markiertem Eisen in Form von Eisensalz und Hämoglobineisen bei Ratten mit und ohne exogen zugeführtem Pankreatin. 2. Verfütterung von markiertem Eisensalz mit und ohne Pankreatinzusatz an normale Versuchstiere und solche, deren Pankreas durch Aethionin geschädigt war. Die Resultate ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Versuchsgruppen, d. h. ein Einfluß von exogenem Pankreatin konnte weder bei normalen Ratten noch bei aethioningeschädigten Tieren nachgewiesen werden.
    Notizen: Abstract The absorption of radio-iron salts and hemoglobin-59Fe from the intestine was studied in young rats supplemented with pancreatic extracts in their diet. No effect of the pancreatin on the iron absorption could be demonstrated. In another type of experiment the effect of pancreatin on 59Fe absorption was investigated in normal and ethionin-fed rats. No significant influence of pancreatin on the iron absorption was found, neither in ethionin-treated rats nor in the control animals. These findings are contradictory to observations in the recent literature, which indicate a relationship between iron absorption and pancreatic function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle Pathology ; Regeneration of Muscle Tissue ; Myopathology ; Tibialis Anterior Muscle ; Rat Muscle Regeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Nach Excision der Tibialis anterior-Muskulatur bei der Ratte, Zerstückelung und Reimplantation eines Teils des Muskelbreies entwickelt sich aus diesem Implantat innerhalb 35 Tagen ein praktisch ausgereiftes Regenerat. 2. Das Regenerat ist, verglichen mit einem normalen Muskel, minderwertig, d. h. es ist volumenmäβig viel kleiner und histologisch charakterisiert durch einen z. T. ungeordneten Faserverlauf und eine deutliche Bindegewebsvermehrung. Trotz histologisch und elektromyographisch nachgewiesener Reinnervation ist die regenerierte Muskulatur wahrscheinlich infolge ausgedehnter bindegewebiger Verwachsungen mit der Umgebung nicht funktionstüchtig. 3. Die Verkleinerung der Menge des Implantats bewirkt eine Verkleinerung des Volumens des Regenerates und eine Beschleunigung des Regenerations- und Reifungsprozesses, hat jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die Qualität des Regenerates.
    Notizen: Summary 1. 35 days after excision of the anterior tibial muscle in rat and reimplantation of the piecemealed muscle a practically mature regenerate is formed. 2. The regenerated muscle is, compared with normal muscle, inferior. The volume is much smaller and it is histologically characterised by a partly disorderly distribution of fibres and a clear increase in connective tissue. In spite of histological and electromyographical evidence of reinnervation the regenerated muscle does not function, probably because of extensive adhesions with the surrounding tissues. 3. When less material is implanted the volume of the regenerate is smaller, the speed of regeneration and maturation is increased but the quality of the regenerate remains the same
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie, 19 genetisch gesicherten Konduktorinnen und 19 gesunden weiblichen Kontrollpersonen wurde vor und nach einer lokalisierten Arbeitsbelastung der Vorderarmmuskulatur in Ischämie die Aktivität der Creatin-Kinase (CK) und die Konzentration der Sulfhydrilgruppen im Serum gemessen, wobei für die CK 2 verschiedene Bestimmungsmethoden zur Anwendung kamen. Die Erfassungsraten für Konduktorinnen wurden unter diesen 4 Bedingungen (mit und ohne Cystein sowie vor und nach dem Ischämie-Arbeitstest) statistisch ermittelt. Ohne Cystein wurden bei allen 3 Gruppen signifikante Enzymanstiege gefunden, dagegen stieg die mit Cystein stimulierte CK nur in einigen Einzelfällen noch an. Die Konzentration der nicht-proteingebundenen SH-Gruppen war bei Patienten, Konduktorinnen und Gesunden gleich hoch und erfuhr durch den Arbeitstest keine Änderung. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß die ohne Cystein gefundene Aktivitätssteigerung der Serum-CK nicht durch Freigabe kleinmolekularer, enzymaktivierender SH-Gruppen aus der Muskulatur verursacht ist, sondern durch einen Efflux, einer frischen Enzymportion, die zum Zeitpunkt der Messung noch voll aktiviert ist und somit durch Cystein nicht mehr stimuliert sondern eher gehemmt wird. Dies geht aus vorläufigen Untersuchungen über CK-Aktivierung in Muskelhomogenaten hervor. Die Erfassungsrate für Heterozygote beträgt ohne Cystein vor der Belastung 58%, nach dem Arbeitstest 74%. Mit der Cystein-Methode findet man dagegen eine Rate von 84%, unabhängig davon, ob Arbeit geleistet wurde oder nicht.
    Notizen: Summary Creatine kinase (CK) activity and protein-free sulfhydryl compounds in serum were measured in 12 patients, 19 known carriers of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and 19 healthy controls before and after standardized ischemic forearm work. Assessment of CK was made with and without addition of CK-activatingl-cysteine to the incubation medium. Carrier detection rates under these four conditions (with and without addition of cysteine both before and after work) were statistically determined. Without cysteine a significant increase in CK-activity after work was found in each of the three groups, whereas cysteine-stimulated CK was increased in a few subjects only. The concentration of protein-free SH-groups in the sera was the same in patients, carriers, and controls and remained unchanged after the test. It has been concluded that when no cysteine was added, the increase of CK after ischemic work is due to a release of small amounts of CK from the muscle cell rather than to a leakage of low molecular sulphydryl compounts which might stimulate inactivated serum CK. The additional portion of the enzyme is still completely active and not stimulated any further by the addition of cysteine. CK in normal and fresh muscle homogenates, on the contrary, seems to be inhibited by cysteine (12 mM/l). Carrier detection rate by determination of CK activity without addition of cysteine was 58 per cent before and 74 per cent after ischemic work. When cysteine was present in the incubation medium, the rate attained was 84 per cent, whether or not work was performed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 17 (1994), S. 60-66 
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We report a 7-year-old patient with chondrodysplasia punctata but without rhizomelia. He was born with typical clinical and radiological symptoms of this disease. He developed slowly with considerable psychomotor retardation but improved later, gaining some speech and psychosocial contacts. Joint contractures and bilateral cataracts are still major problems.De novo plasmalogen synthesis in fibroblasts was greatly reduced and DHAP-AT activity was at the lower limit of controls. Peroxisomal thiolase was present in its precursor form only. Membrane fluidity (measured by TMA-DPH fluorescence anisotropy) was increased in erythrocyte ghosts and in lymphocytes. Plasma phytanic acid concentration was elevated 5-fold. The patient represents a mild clinical course of chondrodysplasia punctata, resembling Conradi-Hünermann syndrome, but biochemically he has the typical peroxisomal dysfunction of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata except for a high residual activity of DHAP-AT.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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