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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 27 (1994), S. 190-192 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In Laue experiments at the SRS Daresbury, Image Plates were used to determine the crystal structure of an olivine single-crystal, (Mg90Fe10)2SiO4. The exposure time was 50 ms. For the complete data set, five different φ settings were recorded within 20 min. This is the first time that Image Plates have been successfully used for crystal structure analysis of minerals or small crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 46 (1994), S. 573-586 
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Directional data ; goodness-of-fit ; group family ; Langevin distribution ; location shift ; maximum likelihood theory ; rotational symmetry ; uniform distribution ; von Mises Fisher distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Directional data analysis usually assumes that the observations are recorded according to a coordinate system whose origin coincides with the center of their support. However, it may happen that the observer does not sit at this center and record the directions from another point. The object of this paper is to investigate the statistical behavior of such decentered directions. First we derive the family of distributions of these directions and produce statistical procedures that recover some information about the underlying process. An important special case is explored in details and compared with the Langevin model. Finally, an example is given where the introduced family of models makes physical sense and well fits the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1992), S. 370-374 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several factors, including body size, age, and temporal and spatial variation, which may influence the amount of cadmium (Cd) in the phantom midge larvae, Chaoborus spp., were examined in eight lakes, four from south-central Ontario (Dorset Region) and four from northwestern Ontario (Experimental Lakes Area). All three species of Chaoborus (C. punctipennis, C. trivittatus, C. flavicans) found in Chub Lake (south-central Ontario), were analyzed seasonally. One species, C. punctipennis, was collected and analyzed from all lakes. Smaller Chaoborus tended to have higher Cd concentrations (μg Cd/g dry weight), and lower Cd burdens (ng Cd/Animal) than larger Chaoborus. The Cd concentrations of Chaoborus in Chub Lake were lowest during the summer, which coincided with the fastest growth of the organisms. The Cd burdens differed between species, which was attributed to differences in their asynchronous life histories. Cadmium burdens and concentrations were significantly lower in the organisms from northwestern Ontario than those from south-central Ontario. Lower atmospheric deposition rates, lower Cd concentrations in the lake water, as well as life history differences, may explain these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Gadolinium ; Kidney, benign tumours ; Kidney, cysts ; Kidney, MRI studies ; Kidney, neoplasms ; MRI, contrast enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the value of T2-weighted and Gd-DOTA-enhanced T1-weighted images for the detection and characterisation of 33 small renal masses (14 clear cell carcinomas, 6 angiomyolipomas, 3 angiomyomas, 4 adenomas, 3 papillary carcinomas, 3 oncocytomas, 1 haemorrhagic cyst). Dynamic enhanced MRI was performed to study the tumoral vascular supply (19 cases). MRI depicted all the masses more than 1 cm in diameter, but missed all the lesions less than 1 cm (4 false-negative). The results of T2-weighted images and Gd-DOTA-enhanced images were similar as regards detection; however, Gd-DOTA-enhanced images depicted more clearly the tumours smaller than 2 cm (11 cases). MRI enabled the characterisation of only 3 masses (2 angiomyolipomas, 1 haemorrhagic cyst). New MRI features are described for oncocytomas (low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, early and marked enhancement on dynamic enhanced MRI). Dynamic enhanced MRI did not contribute to the differentiation of benign from malignant tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The possible involvement of protein kinase C in control of ion transport was investigated on a preparation of isolated, perfused posterior gills of the Chinese crabsEriocheir sinensis (collected in 1989 from lakes near Emden, northern Germany) acclimated to fresh water. 1-oleyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), two activators of protein kinase C, when added to the perfusion saline, induced depolarisation of the transepithelial potential difference (PD) and an increase in transepithelial Na+ influx. The observed increase was proportional to OAG concentration up to 250µM, with a 2.5× accelerated Na+ influx. OAG and PMA remained without effect on Cl− fluxes. The observed effects were in agreement with an activation, via protein kinase C, of the Na+/K+ ATPase located on the serosal side of the epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The possible involvement of calmodulin-dependent processes in the control of Na+ and Cl- transport pathways has been investigated on isolated, perfused preparations of salt-transporting posterior gills of the euryhaline Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis (collected near Emden, Germany in autumn 1990). The anti-calmodulin phenothiazine drugs Chlorpromazine and Trifluoperazine induced depolarization of the transepithelial potential only when added to the serosal bathing saline (socalled “in”). This effect is best interpreted by assuming a disturbance of the conductive Cl- pathways located at the baso-lateral side of the epithelium. In agreement with that conclusion is the fact that Trifluoperazine inhibits the Cl- transepithelial influx. Trifluoperazine also induces inhibition of the Na+ influx when added either to the incubation (out) or to the perfusion (in) medium. These results indicate inhibitory effects of the anticalmodulin drug on both the Na+/K+ pump and leak system located at the serosal side and on the Na+/H+ exchange located at the apical side of the epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on the effect of cyclic AMP on Na+ and Cl− transport pathways were performed on isolated, perfused preparations of the posterior, osmoregulating gills of the euryhaline Chinese crabEriocheir sinensis. The crabs were caught during the autumn of 1987 in freshwater lakes near Emden (Federal Republic of Germany). N6-2′-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and 7β-acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1α, 6β, 9α-trihydroxy-labd-14-ene-11-one (forskolin) induce an increase in the influx of both Na+ and Cl− in the gills. They also induce significant hyperpolarization. This last result indicates that the increase in NaCl uptake is related to an activation of both the Na+/K+ pump and the Cl−channels located at the serosal side of the gill epithelium. The possibility that cAMP acts as a second messenger, mediating the effects of different neuroendocrine factors involved in ionic and osmotic regulation in crustaceans is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 20 (1992), S. 277-293 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is devoted to the game theoretic analysis of decision situations, in which the players have veto power over the actions undertaken by certain other players. We give a full characterization of the dividends in these games with a permission structure. We find that the collection of these games forms a subspace of the vector space of all games with side payments on a specified player set. Two applications of these results are provided. The first one deals with the projection of additive games on a permission structure. It is shown that the Shapley value of these projected games can be interpreted as an index that measures the power of the players in the permission structure. The second application applies the derived results on games, where the organization structure can be analysed separately from the production capacities of the participating players.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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