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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between “diabetic thick skin syndrome” and neurological disorders in diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Skin thickness ; Diabetic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Skin thickness on the extremities of patients with diabetes mellitus has been described controversially. Using high resolution ultrasonography, we were able to show a significant increase in skin thickness at the forearm (P〈0.05), thigh (P〈0.001) and lower limb (P〈0.05) of diabetic patients, most prominent at the thigh. No difference in skin thickness was found at the dorsum of the foot. In addition, skin thickness was not related to the duration of diabetes, age or HbA1. A close association was found between diabetic neuropathy and increasing skin thickness. Diabetic patients with neurological disorders had a significant increase in skin thickness versus diabetic patients without neuropathy. The present findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy and abnormalities of connective tissue have a common etiological link in their development or that both are time-dependent processes. Whether changes in capillary blood flow, increase of nonenzymatic glycosylation, polyol accumulation or other metabolic disorders are responsible for these findings remains still to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570538
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different muscarinic receptors mediate autoinhibition of acetylcholine release and vagally-induced vasoconstriction in the rat isolated perfused heart (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 341 (1990), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prejunctional muscarinic receptors ; Acetylcholine release ; Parasympathetic vasoconstriction ; Methoctramine ; AF-DX 116
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out on rat isolated perfused hearts with both vagus nerves attached. The acetylcholine stores were labelled with [14C]-choline. The effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on the [14C]overflow and increase in perfusion pressure evoked by vagus nerve stimulation (10 Hz, 4–10 mA) were studied in order to determine the muscarinic receptor type involved in autoinhibition of acetylcholine release and vagally-induced vasoconstriction in the rat heart. Stimulation of the vagus nerves (1200 pulses) caused an increase in [14C]-overflow and in perfusion pressure which was significantly reduced by hexamethonium 500 μmol/l and abolished by tetrodotoxin 0.3 μmol/l or perfusion with Ca2+-free solution. The fractional rate of evoked [14C]-overflow per pulse upon stimulation at 10 Hz (720 pulses) was doubled in the presence of the non-selective antagonist atropine (0.01–1 μmol/l) as well as in that of the M2-selective compounds methoctramine (0.1 μmol/l) and AF-DX 116 (0.1–1 μmol/l), but remained unaffected by the M3-selective hexahydrosiladifenidol (0.1 μmol/l). The increase in perfusion pressure upon nerve stimulation was reduced by atropine (0.01 μmol/l) or hexahydrosiladifenidol (0.1 μmol/l) to approximately 50% and increased by about 50% in the presence of AF-DX 116 (0.1 μmol/l). The results show that the autoinhibition of acetylcholine release in the rat heart is mediated by M2 receptors. On the other hand, the increase in perfusion pressure upon vagus nerve stimulation is caused by a different muscarinic receptor, more sensitive to hexahydrosiladifenidol than to M2-selective antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180652
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependence of bone material quality shown by the measurement of frequency of resonance in the ulna (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Material quality ; Sound transmission ; Frequency of resonance ; Age ; Bone width
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In women before and after the age of peak bone mass, identical values of bone mineral density (BMD) can be obtained. However, there is a much higher incidence of osteoporotic fractures in older women. We investigated whether a deterioration of bone material quality with increasing age might contribute to this phenomenon. Material properties of bone tissue can be characterized by the modulus of elasticity, which is correlated to the square of sound transmission velocity. In this study, sound transmission velocity was determined in cortical bone by measuring the frequency of resonance in the ulna in the direction of the bone's longitudinal axis and correcting the values by multiplying by ulna length. Validation of this method indicated acceptable reproducibility: interobserver variability determined as the mean coefficient of variation was 1.82%. In a clinical study, 21 young women (22.5±1.2 years old) were compared with 21 middle-aged women (52.9±2.7 years old). Pairs were matched that had identical values of BMD in the nondominant forearm at a location representing mainly cortical bone (SPA). The product of ulna length and frequency of resonance in the ulna in the younger women was found to be 61.4±5.8 m/second, and in the middle-aged women 55.7±4.5 m/second. The difference was highly significant with P〈0.005. Our results confirm recent findings indicating a deterioration of bone material quality independent of BMD with increasing age. As shown by comparing ulna width at the site of measurement of bone mineral density between both groups of women, the deterioration of bone material quality in ulnar cortical bone with increasing age might at least in part be functionally compensated by an increase of the moment of inertia due to greater bone width [8, 10].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296058
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Architecture in cortical bone and ultrasound transmission velocity (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 364-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Cortical bone ; Mechanical Properties ; Architecture ; Modulus of Elasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The square of ultrasound transmission velocity in a material is correlated to the modulus of elasticity, which is an indicator of its mechanical properties. This might make the measurement of ultrasound transmission velocity useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of bone diseases. Bone, however, is not an isotropic material but is architecturally structured. The aim of our study was to investigate and especially to quantify the influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity. Twenty-two rectangular, flat specimens of cortical bone were prepared from diaphysis of fresh pig radius. Ultrasound transmission velocity was measured parallel and perpendicular to direction of Haversian channels. It was found to be 3647 ± 41 m/s parallel to and 2821 ± 29 m/s perpendicular to Haversian channels respectively (p〈0.001). Our results clearly indicate that there is an important influence of architecture in cortical bone on ultrasound transmission velocity which has to be taken into account in its clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02231581
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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