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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of islets in the pancreas biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; pathology ; pathogenesis ; diagnosis ; pancreas biopsy ; laparoscopy ; immunohistochemistry ; MHC class I antigen ; MHC class II antigen ; immunotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We attempted to examine the immunopathological change of the pancreatic islets of newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and thereby to obtain useful information for the therapy of the patients. For this purpose, pancreas biopsy under laparoscopy was performed 2–4 months after the onset of Type 1 diabetes in seven newly diagnosed patients. All biopsies were performed safely without any complications. Immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy specimens revealed a marked decrease of insulin-containing cells, preservation of glucagon-containing cells, and various degrees of expression of MHC class I and class II antigens in islet cells and in endothelial cells within and around the islets. Signs of active autoimmune phenomena, e. g. lymphocytic infiltration or immunoglobulin deposition in islets, were not detected in any of these patients by light microscopical evaluation. We conclude that pancreas biopsy under laparoscopy has shown various immunological changes in the islets of newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients. Pancreas biopsy, however, may not be suitable under the present protocol for the selection of patients for immunotherapy because of problems including sampling errors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401048
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL OF VASCULAR TONE AND HEART RATE BY DIFFERENT AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA OF THE RAT (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. To test the hypothesis that a central mechanism may play a role in the minimal reflex tachycardia noted in response to peripheral converting enzyme inhibition, we compared the effects of intravenous (i.v.) ceronapril (CER) with nitroglycerin (NTG) on neurotransmitter release in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), using an in vivo microdialysis method in pentobarbital anaesthetized rats.2. CER (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a progressive decrease in glutamate (GLU) release (CER 65 ± 7%vs NTG 83 ± 3% of each baseline at 140 min, P〈0.05) and attenuated the increase in glycine (GLY) release (CER 100 ± 8%vs NTG 122 ± 9%, P〈0.05).3. Prevention of blood pressure reduction due to i.v. CER by concomitant infusion of a subpressor dose of angiotensin II (AII) attenuated the progressive reduction of GLU release (87 ± 4%, P〈0.05 compared with NTG group), whereas GLY release was not affected (106±5%, NS compared with NTG group).4. Perfusion of GLU into this area at approximately physiological concentrations resulted in a sustained tachycardia with an attenuation of the depressor effect of i.v. CER and perfusion of GLY solely lowered blood pressure.5. These results demonstrate that i.v. converting enzyme inhibitor reduces the release of GLU in the RVLM, which was specifically caused by reducing circulating AII, without any effect on GLY release, thus resulting in the reduction of blood pressure with minimal effect on the heart rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02554.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preventive effect of a new immunosuppressant FK-506 on insulitis and diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse ; FK-506 ; insulitis ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; immunotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the effect of an immunosuppressant FK-506 on histological change of islets, the onset of diabetes, and the change of spleen cell subsets in female non-obese diabetic mice. Mice administered intraperitoneally with FK-506 from 5 to 20 weeks of age showed marked suppression of mononuclear cell infiltration (insulitis) at 10 weeks of age. Among the subsets of the spleen cells, a significant decrease in the population of Thyl.2-positive T cells (pan-T), L3T4-positive T cells (mainly helper/inducer), and Lyt2-positive T cells (mainly suppressor/cytotoxic) was observed in FK-506-treated mice. Furthermore, glucose tolerance of the mice at 15 weeks of age was clearly improved. Cumulative incidence observed up to 40 weeks of age was 86% in control mice and 23% in FK-506-treated mice (p〈0.01). These data indicate that FK-506 has a preventive effect on insulitis and diabetes by the suppression of cell-mediated autoimmunity in non-obese diabetic mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405113
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cromakalim (BRL 34915) on hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes induced by endothelin in dogs (1991)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 86 (1991), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: endothelin ; electrocardiogram ; hemodynamics ; potassium channel opener ; voltage-dependentcalcium channel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated whether cromakalim (BRL 34915), a vasorelaxant agent which acts by opening potassium channels, could affect the systemic effects of endothelin, a newly discovered vasoconstrictive peptide. Intravenous administration of endothelin alone (400 pmol/kg) to anesthetized dogs produced blood pressure elevation, which was associated with an increase in cardiac output in the early phase, and was associated with an increase in total peripheral resistance in the late phase. Electrocardiogram showed significant ST-elevation in II, III, and aVL, and ST-depression in a VR and aVL. The same dose of endothelin given to dogs pretreated with cromakalim did not induce these hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes. Thus, cromakalim, a potassium activator, inhibited the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic actions of endothelin, suggesting that hyperpolarization due to potassium channel activation inhibited the voltage-dependent calcium channel, which is thought to be a major mechanism for the pressor action of endothelin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193871
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral change in heart rate variability in response to mental arithmetic before and after the beta-adrenoceptor blocker, carteolol (1992)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 2 (1992), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: Mental stress ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Spectral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuation was evaluated before and after administration of carteolol, a non-selectiveβ-adrenoceptor-blocker, to investigate the neural regulatory mechanisms underlying the haemodynamic changes induced by mental stress. Mental stress increased blood pressure and heart rate, with an increased low frequency band, and low frequency/high frequency ratio of the power spectral analysis which are indices of sympathetic activity. Carteolol did not change basal and pre-mental stress measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and spectral density. However, carteolol altered the response to mental stress with a decrease in spectral density of the low frequency band and low frequency/high frequency ratio, and an increase in the high frequency component. These results confirm that mental stress elevates blood pressure by activating the sympathetic nervous system, and suggest that blockade of theβ-adrenoceptor attenuates the pressor response by preventing the autonomic responses to mental stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01819547
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